Today, many modern cars are equipped with such a function as a hydraulic. Many drivers know about this steering feature only the fact that with it the steering wheel turns with greater ease, respectively, the presence of GUR largely determines the comfort when managing the car. In this article we will tell about the device and the principle of operation of GUR and EUR systems.

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What you need to know about GUR?

What is a power steering, what kind of purpose and what is it used for? To begin with, consider the functions.

Functions

The power steering was originally created in order to facilitate the control of the vehicle. The main purpose of the system is considered to ensure easier turning of the steering wheel during the execution of maneuvers while driving. In addition, the power steering in the car is needed in order to improve its maneuverability due to the fact that the motorist no longer need to make efforts for turning.

The device also allows you to improve the safety of the vehicle when certain unexpected situations appear while the way. Such a gur device allows you to soften the vibration on the steering wheel if the machine enters the pit or a bump. In addition, the device will allow to protect the motorist with an unexpected flow of rubber, as the system automatically holds the steering wheel in a straight line. Accordingly, even such an emergency during ride will not change the direction of movement of the car.

Scheme of the hydraulic power steering and elements

What is a hydraulic steering amplifier and why it is needed in the car, it is clear, now consider the scheme.

This device consists of a pump, a dispenser device, a hydraulic cylinder, connecting pipes, consumable material and a tank:

1. The main element to which the power hydraulic helper possesses is the pump. Thanks to this device, the entire node is ensured by pressure, which allows you to create a liquid circulation system. In practice, plastic pumps are often used in modern cars, since they have the highest efficiency and are characterized by a long service resource. Usually a pump that creates pressure is on the power unit.
2. The switchgear performs the function of the direction, as well as the distribution of the consumable material - oils in those or other cylinder cavities. In the construction of the car there are several types of distribution devices - rotary and axial. In the event that the movement of the spool in the system is progressive, the device is considered to be axial, and if the spool rotates, the device is rotary. Such a device of the distributor allows it to be on the shaft and directly under the steering drive. The distributor itself is a sensitive device for oil pollution.
3. Hydraulic cylinder. Such a device of the node is intended to activate the rod and the piston of water by influence on these oil pressure elements. Due to the sufficient level of pressure, the wheels of the car are turning under the influence of levers. The hydraulic cylinder can be installed on the steering system or between the drive and the body of the vehicle.
4. Another important element of the scheme is connecting nozzles, without them the work of the GUR will be impossible. The main purpose of nozzles is to ensure the unimpeded passage of the consumable material throughout the system. Connecting nozzles are divided into elements of low or high pressure. Low pressure pipes are needed to return the working fluid from the tank into the pump and from the pump to the tank. High pressure hoses are designed to supply oil between the cylinder, the distribution device and the pump.
5. An equally important component of any scheme is the consumable material. Such oil is intended to provide force to the cylinder from the pump. In addition, due to the liquid, lubricants of all components of the node are provided.
6. The tank contains all the oil required for circulation through the system. The container is equipped with a filter that allows you to provide complete cleaning of the oil circulating over the system. Depending on the design, the tank can be equipped with a probe with marks that allow you to check the level of fluid.

Principle of operation

Next, consider the principle of operation of the power steering. As mentioned above, there are two types of spools, but even with different elements, the principle of operation and the node scheme is almost identical. When the steering wheel is in the central position, it is kept thanks to the centering springs, at this time the consumable material without problems circulates throughout the node if the distributor is installed correctly. As for the pump, it works more intensively, at this stage the main function is the separation of the working fluid over the amplifier. The pump is always working - it does not matter whether wheels are rotated or not.

When the steering wheel turns, the spool also begins to move. After moving, the component overlaps the drain nozzles, and the oil comes into one of the cylinders. Simultaneously on the rod and the piston begins to affect the fluid, as a result of which the wheels and the body of the distribution mechanism turns towards the movement of the spool. The housing itself mechanism overtakes the spool at the moment when he stops moving, this indicates that the rotation of the car is made. When the driver performed the maneuver, the spool component returns to its original position, after which the mains is open to the oil drain (video author - XtaticVideo).

What is the difference in the hydro and electric power steering?

What is EUR?

What is the difference between the GOR from the electric powerful? Electric power steering is a node that electric current uses to perform its functions. One of the main advantages of the electric power steering is excellent motorist with the car. In the case of EUR, there are several modes of operation - urban and country.

In urban mode, the electric power steering wheel allows the motorist to control the vehicle on multiple parking and turning. As for the country regime or the route, the node of the car automatically turns off when the machine speed reaches 60 km / h, because at such a speed the electric powerlier is no longer required. By its design, the electric power device is simpler, which the GUR - the node is powered by the generator and does not affect the consumption of gasoline. In addition, he does not have a belt connection with the motor, and the repair of the electric powerful is always much faster than in the case of GUR.

The difference between GUR and EUR: there is an oil in Gura, and there is no it in the eury.

Cons GUR and EUR

Than electric and hydraulic lines differ, figured out, so better GUR or EUR? The main disadvantage of GUR is the presence of consumables in the node, and any working fluid from time to time requires replacement. If the air temperature is too low, the node can just fog from the inside. In the event that lubricant leakage began in GUR, it is necessary to refer to specialists as soon as possible, since more complex repairs will always be more expensive.

One of the main disadvantages of the electric powerful is that the node requires the use necessary to power the first. As for the breakdown, the electric power plants happen much less often, and the competent specialist can always do everything quickly. But still the car's wheel with GUR is always turning more easily than with EUR. It should be noted that today many manufacturers are increasingly equipping their cars with electric power plants.

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Video "What is better - GUR or EUR?"

Which of these two types of steering amplifiers is better - find out from the video (by video author - avto-blogger.ru).

What is better a hydraulic and electric powerful? The number of cars on the planet grows annually. Today it exceeded a billion. Suppose that any auto owner is well managed by him, but it is also easy to assume that each of them knows its device equally.

Obviously, everyone knows only designers. Of course, it can be argued here, but let's first think about the fact that the current car is not the primitive vehicle that took place at the beginning of the XIX century: the cabin, the simplest engine and wheels. Imagine the first cars were not even equipped with brakes, because it was much more difficult to invent them than the engine.

The current car is a combination of complex multifunctional units operating both in a certain dependence of each other and completely autonomously. Today the car is a wide range of used technologies used in the manufacture of parts. This is a variety of driving and drive mechanisms, these are bold innovative solutions, ultimately this is the presence of intelligent systems.

At the very beginning of the 20th century, the engineers faced the problem of a small physical force of truck drivers, the decades left for, seemingly the simplest device, an amplifier on the steering wheel, found its use. Only in the post-war years, the first non-experimental samples of the steering wheel hydraulic cylinder (GUR) appeared. His fellow power steering wheel (EUR) confidently stepped into production no earlier than the 90s, but so rapidly gaining momentums today, which apparently soon he will ous out his predecessors. It is likely that if the hydraulics is still sold, it means that there are causes.

People are often wondering: what is better a hydraulic cell or electric powerful. Everyone will be able to answer this question, competently aroused priorities, and we will help you determine what the power steering is different from the electric power steering and what a particular mechanism gives the advantage.

Principle of operation of the hydraulic power steering (GUR)

The power steering (GUR) intends to use liquid (oil) as an object that creates pressure on the walls of the piston. When starting the engine, the pump is turned on. Through the belt transmission, the rotational moment from the engine is transmitted to the impeller of the pump, which begins to swing oil from the tank (oil tank) and drive it through the system (closed system: tank, pump, distributor, hydraulic cylinder, tank), creating overpressure in it. At the moment when the driver turns the steering wheel, the distributor sends a working fluid under pressure into one or another hydraulic cylinder chamber, its piston shifts and pushes steering thrust - facilitated control and wheels rotate. The distributor re-enables the work when the driver turns the steering wheel in the opposite direction. Thanks to this device, the liquid is supplied to another hydraulic cylinder chamber and the piston complements the strength of the steering thrust.

The hydraulic steering mechanism is connected by means of a gear transmission with a steering rack and transforms the rotational moment to the translational movement, in the event of a power failure (GUR) failure, without the help of the hydraulic cylinder, transmits it to steering thrust. The driver will surely feel the moment when the required effort is changed on the steering wheel, the main thing is to react on time. Therefore, one of the features of the power steering (GUR) is constant monitoring and timely maintenance of the mechanism and its components.

Benefits:

• high power potential (enviable indicator for trucks and SUVs);
• relatively low cost production and maintenance.

Disadvantages:

• permanent operation of the pump (when the car moves in a straight line, the pump runs to the oil from a closed circle, because excessive pressure can be in demand at any time);
• selects the power of the engine, even if movement is provided in a straight line;
• susceptible to interruptions in work due to temperature difference;
• the probability of refusal when working in critical positions;
• did not prove himself at high speeds;
• liquid have to change from time to time.

Possible malfunctions:

• wear of the pump (repair and replacement of parts are allowed);
• malfunction of the hydraulic gear;
• dispenser malfunction (valve operation dysfunction may appear, spool wear);
• wear of shafts and bearings;
• it is not a tightness of the system (hoses, glazes) or a small fluid level, system enforcement.

Principle of operation of the electric power steering (EUR)

The electric powerful (EUR) involves the use of the electromotive force (from the electric motor included in the device) to provide additional impact on the gear of the steering column, which transmits and transforms the rotational movement into the translational. In reality, the electric power steering device (EUR) is much easier than the hydraulic device. The peculiarity and advantage of this mechanism are the lack of hoses, the glands reduces the risks, leakage or failures.

Electrocessor (EUR) consists of a power unit (a synchronous-type electrical machine), a controller controller (allowing you to configure individual work parameters) and two sensors (torque and speed). It is important to note that there is a program for stabilizing the average position of the wheel in the electronic electronic control unit (EUR).

Electric powerors are of two types:

1. Embedded directly on the steering column.
2. Embedded on the steering rail (fundamentally not particularly important is, in the second case, the steering column is not pulled).

Advantages over hydraulic analogue:

• simplicity and speed installation;
• energy-saving steering wheel with an electric amplifier (EUR) works not constantly, but only during rotation;
• compactness;
• ability to configure compensatory effort for "feedback from the road";
• liquid is absent in the system, it means there is no pressure affecting the wear;
• it behaves well at any speeds of the car and in any modes of work.

Disadvantages of the electric power steering (EUR):

• the power of the electric powerful (EUR) depends on the power of the electric generator, as a rule, is inferior in power by the hydraulic device;
• the design does not exclude the possibility of overheating (when moving on off-road);
• not all manufacturers provide for the repair and maintenance of the electric powerful (EUR), the assembly assembly is usually replaced (for security reasons);
• high cost of the unit.

Possible malfunctions:

• rotor position sensor;
• electronic control unit;
• moment sensor;
• electric motor overheating.

Conclusion

And in conclusion, it is possible to note an important disadvantage inherent in both aggregates is the impossibility of premature detection of failure, which entails a dangerous situation on the road when the transport means becomes tough. But even if there are all the existing shortcomings today, each driver would prefer to have a car where the steering wheel is equipped with a steering mechanism. And which one to choose to you.

Nowadays, almost all modern cars are equipped with steering amplifiers. Their main purpose is to help drive car. There are two types of amplifiers: electric powerful (EUR) and hydraulic tape (GUR) steering wheel. Actually, these two technologies, about their shortcomings and benefits, we will talk below.

Steering amplifiers

The main task of amplifiers is to reduce the management effort and increase the driver's comfort driving. For the first time steering amplifiers appeared in the 30s of the last century on heavy machinery. They were mandatory components on tractors and trucks, and on passenger cars - for the most part, was only an option. But due to the increase in the dimensions and masses of the machines recently, the rush steering mechanism no longer copes with the provision of comfortable control of the car, and therefore the steering amplifiers are introduced: electromechanical and hydraulic.

What is a power steering (gur)

The car is a system that includes high and low pressure tubes, which circulates a special working fluid with a pump. The system includes a control valve, a pump, an expansion tank, connecting to the pump, actuator and working fluid. The pump forms excessive fluid pressure in the system.

When the steering wheel rotates, the control valve shifts and opens the channel to the actuator for the fluid. There is a piston, which binds through the rod with a steering trapezion, due to the pressure of the working fluid, it begins to rotate and create an additional force on the wheel drive, and this, respectively, reduces the force that is necessary from the driver to rotate the steering wheel.

From which side rotates the steering wheel, it depends, where the working fluid will be supplied: in the cavity under the piston or above it. If the steering wheel is in the original position, the liquid is pumped without any load of the pump. When the steering wheel rotates, the fluid pressure increases to its maximum in the extreme position of the steering wheel: the left or right. Such amplifiers are the most common.

What is the electric power steering (EUR)

This system, where additional force when turning the steering wheel is based on an electric drive, consists of the following elements: electric motor, torque sensor, steering shaft with torsion shaft, electronic control unit and rotor position sensor. The electric steering amplifier can be mounted on the steering column, on the shaft of the steering mechanism, or on the steering mechanism.

Many studies prove that it is best to install it on the steering mechanism, because then the perfect feedback of the steering is obtained. It can calculate the effort depending on the speed of the machine and the corner of the steering wheel. EUR will work at the maximum when the car will be parked and make a minimum effort when moving at high speed.

Note! Feedback feedback is a connection with an expensive when the wheels affect the road when the steering wheel is rotated, and a lot of forces act on the wheels during movement.

This connection is expressed in a proportionally increasing effort on the steering wheel, depending on the speed of the machine and the corner of the steering wheel.

Advantages of the hydraulic agent

1. The hydraulic amplifier is more dimensional, in comparison with the electric powerful, but it makes it less costly in production and relatively inexpensive, which affects the cost of the car as a whole.

2. Gur is more powerful and can withstand heavy loads, so it is installed on minibuses, SUVs, trucks.

Disadvantages of the hydraulicel

1. The GUR directly depends on the engine, when the pump is turned on to work, it takes part of the engine power on itself, and moving at high speed on the highway is a waste of power, because in this case the hydraulic device is almost not needed.

2. It requires systematic service, at least once every two years. It is necessary to constantly change the working fluid, monitor its level, control the drive, pump and hoses, are there any damage, cracks, flows.

3. Holding the steering wheel in extreme positions longer than five seconds can entail the oil overheating in the system and make the GUR faulty.

4. It does not imply adjust the modes of operation depending on the conditions and speed of movement.

5. Gur does not work well at high speed.

The advantages of the electric powerful

1. Compact size, which allows you to save space. If it is installed on the steering shaft, then he does not need in an additional place under the hood of the car, and this extends its service life, because it does not affect the temperature differences, humidity, and so on.

2. Simple design and service, there is no need for a periodic inspection. Only the state of rolling bearings is needed.

3. Fuel economy. The electric powerful motor is started only after turning the steering wheel, it does not bother the engine and does not take its power.

4. You can configure the mode of operation of the EUR under certain operating conditions and needs.

5. It is possible to hold the steering wheel in the extreme position, not limited to time.

6. The power steering is characterized by an acute steering reaction when driving at high speed.

7. Good feedback with dear.

Disadvantages of electric powerful

1. Big value.

2. The low power of the electric motor that, therefore, eliminates the ability to install it on trucks, SUVs, buses, etc.

Opinions of lovers and specialists about what is better, the hydraulic tape or the electric power steering is dispersed. Modern car without enhancing the management is difficult to imagine. This system allows to facilitate the driving of the car and not to spend additional physical forces on turns. Between the two specified types, there are certain differences on the device and the principle of operation.

Hydraulic amplification option

What is better, the hydraulicel or electric power steering, it is possible to find out the method of studying the characteristics of these devices, the characteristics of their installation and operation. The hydraulic steering amplifier is a closed-type system with a circulating fluid, consisting of a main pump, tank, hose compounds, a pressure control unit and a cylinder.

The principle of work under consideration occurs in the following sequence:

• The crankshaft through the belt drive leads to the movement of the piston pump, which sends oil to the system under high pressure, followed by its feed on the distribution mechanism;
• The torsion rod integrated into the steering shaft is interrelated with camshaft. As a result, a message with oil channels, with an increase in fluid intake, makes it easier to turn the steering wheel. The distributor is a node that may fail when using low-quality oil;
• Inside the hydraulic cylinder, under the influence of oil, the piston and rod come into motion, which affects facilitate the transfer of force on the front wheels. In fact, the oil is a traction transmitter by the hydraulic cylinder from the piston type pump;
• The final chord in the GUR is the compound hoses. Their destination is divided into two groups: ensuring the supply of fluid from the pump to the cylinder and in the reverse order through the oil reservoir.

Electric amplifier

The difference in the electric power steering is that the main mechanism governing the interaction with the control system is an electric motor (with a control unit and a torque indicator). When turning the steering wheel, the system perceives the power of revolutions, feeding information to the electric motor that returns the control shaft to its original position.

The functionality of the electric powerful is quite simple and looks like this:

• The rotation of the steering is recorded by EUR by accounting the parameters of rotation of the torsion shaft;
• The electrical amplifier control unit records information about the vehicle speed and activates the power unit;
• The electric motor after switching on helps the driver control the wheel base and turns.

Comparative characteristics

Reliable communication with the road hydraulic power steering provides almost immaculately. However, it does not contribute to the control of the behavior of the steering at high speed with a sharp or random maneuver with a ram. Regarding the electrical option allows you to compensate for this drawback, it can be noted that it wins noticeably in this, an important test.

Objectively, GUR loses in many parameters to its competitor on electric traction.

This is due to a number of factors:

In addition, the effectiveness and operation of the device under consideration affects the presence or absence of additional elements that promotes the quality of the functioning of the entire node. Objectively answer the question that it is better for a hydraulic power or electric power steering, even a novice driver. Despite the fact that there is some stability in the GUR, the electrical system exceeds it in many respects, which is obvious.

A modern car is difficult to present without a steering amplifier that facilitates the driver to turn the steering wheel. At the moment, the most popular two types of amplifiers are most popular: electrical and hydraulic. The first appeared relatively recently, and the second is applied from the middle of the twentieth century. The design and principle of operation of each of the amplifiers have their own characteristics. Consider in detail each of the devices, select their advantages and disadvantages, and we will conclude about what is better than Gur or EUR.

Electrocessor steering

Scheme of electric power steering

In the electric power steering (EUR), an additional force when turning the steering wheel is created at the expense of the electric motor.

Device and principle of electric power steering

The main elements of the electric power belongs include:

• electric motor;
• torsion rod and shaft steering column;
• steering mechanism (reducer);
• steering wheel position sensor;
• torque sensor;
• electronic control unit.

When turning the driver of the steering wheel, a torsion rod begged. The torque sensor measures this twisting, determines the value of it and transmits this information to the control unit. The latter processes the data from the EUR sensors and relates them to the readings of other vehicle sensors (speed, crankshaft revolutions, etc.).

The control unit calculates the effort to be attached to help the driver scroll through the steering wheel, and gives the appropriate command to the electric motor. The latter affects the shaft of the steering column or steering rack, thereby facilitating the rotation of the steering wheel.

Advantages and disadvantages of EUR

Steering rack with electric power

The main advantages of the electric power can include:

• fuel efficiency - EUR does not take power from the engine and is turned on only when the steering wheel is rotated;
• reliability associated with the absence of a hydraulic system;
• compactness and simplicity of service;
• the ability to adjust the characteristics and steering settings;
• the ability to implement automatic controlled car.

Despite numerous advantages, EUR has some minuses. These include:

• low power while maintaining minimal overall sizes and cost;
• the possibility of overheating and temporary failure under adverse motion conditions;
• expensive repair.

However, it should be noted that in the design of modern cars EUR gradually goes to first place, ousting the GUR.

Steering power steering

In the steering hydrauloveel (GUR), an additional force when turning the steering wheel is created by the hydraulic drive.

Device and principle of operation of the power steering

Steering Rake Device with Hydrauscitel

Structurally, GUR consists of the following elements:

• tank with working fluid;
• pump;
• hydraulic cylinder;
• spool distributor;
• connecting hoses.

The hydraulic switch pump is driven by a belt from the engine crankshaft and supplies the working fluid under pressure to the spool distributor. When turning the driver of the steering wheel, the distributor sends a fluid flow from the pump to the left or right cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The fluid pressure moves the hydraulic cylinder piston by turning the controlled wheels of the vehicle by steering.

Advantages and disadvantages of GUR

Like the EUR, the steering hydraulicer has both advantages and disadvantages. The main positive moments of the GUR are:

• susceptibility to large loads, giving the ability to install GUR on heavy SUVs and trucks;
• less costly production of the device (unlike EUR), which affects the cost of the car as a whole;
• comfort management of the vehicle at different speeds.

Pluses are, of course, well. And what about the minuses? There are also such:

• engine power consumption;
• small breakdowns associated with leakage of the working fluid;
• the need to monitor the level of working fluid;
• periodic replacement of fluid;
• lack of ability to adjust the characteristics and steering settings.

What is the difference in the power steering from the electric powerful

We turn to the comparative characteristics of the EUR and GUR, as a result, find out what of them is better.

To compare, take the following parameters: Device Design, Control, Reliability and Efficiency, Scope of Application.

Design device

Option of accommodation EUR in the car

Gur is a fairly simple mechanism that does not depend on electronic control and not subject to software failures. On the other hand, the hydraulic system consists of a variety of compounds and seals subject to wear during operation. As a result, the node is considered less reliable and requiring regular diagnostics.

EUR, in contrast to GUR, as a rule, is located directly on the steering shaft and takes less space in the procession compartment. Structurally, the electric powerful is much easier than GUR, and in the use of additional consumables does not need.

As for failures in electronics, they happen quite rarely, and in the event of a system failure, an emergency operation is provided, which allows you to save the control of the car. In the hydraulicel, this mode is also provided.

Convenience control

The best feedback from the road provides GUR, also it allows the driver to feel the limits of the possibilities of the car on steep turns.

To achieve the same sensations, EUR need careful calibration, which can only be provided by the manufacturers of the premium segment.

Thus, the hydraulicifer is more informative and gives its owners a more natural feeling of driving, but to manage it is physically heavier.

Reliability and efficiency

A part of the car engine power when using GUR is spent on the pump drive that works constantly. Therefore, with other things being equal, the use of the hydraulic agent leads to an increase in fuel consumption and the deterioration of dynamic parameters. In addition, the GUR cannot work in limit modes for a long time. When holding the steering wheel in the extreme position for 10-15 seconds there will be overheated by the pump, which will lead to increased wear of the element.

The electric powerful in this regard is more economical: it does not select the engine power directly and works only when the wheels turn. There is no additional fuel consumption, as well as the deterioration of the dynamic characteristics of the car. The main reason for the disconnection of the EUR can be considered the overheating of the electric motor. At the same time, the node will give a warning to the driver and limit the performance. In case of continuing the movement of the EUR turns off to a complete cooling.