According to the current industry normative and technical documentation, industrially produced products must bear the manufacturer's markings.

Marking– these are trademarks, symbols, inscriptions and images applied to the product and providing information about the product, its manufacturer, as well as data necessary for the installation and operation of the product. Marking can be basic (mandatory) and additional (recommended).

Motor vehicles are subject to mandatory marking. One of the main parts of car marking Vehicle is the VIN code. Main international standard regulating the application of the VIN code is the ISO 4030‑83 “Vehicle Identification Number. Location and method of application." The contents of STB 984-2009 are based on the requirements of this standard, as well as ISO 3779‑1983, ISO 3780‑1983.

The VIN code is placed on the vehicle manufacturer's plate, as well as on the frame, chassis or part of the body that is not easily removable, in one or two lines without spaces or section breaks. The identification number, if possible, should be marked with right side, in the front of the vehicle, in an easily accessible place for reading.

In case of application identification number in two lines, characters from 1st to 9th inclusive are located on the first line, characters from 10th to 17th inclusive are located on the second line. A separator must be placed at the beginning and end of the lines, which is set by the vehicle manufacturer (for example, the sign “*”). The identification number indicated in the vehicle documents must be located on one line without spaces or separators.

The height of the signs of the identification number applied to the vehicle must be at least 7 mm for vehicles of categories M, N, O and at least 4 mm for vehicles of category L. The height of the signs on the manufacturer's plate(s) must be at least 4 mm for vehicles of categories M, N, O and at least 3 mm for vehicles of category L.

The method and technology of applying the VIN code are not regulated. However, the manufacturer is obliged to mark the identification number clearly, in a manner that ensures its durability and prevents its marks from being easily altered. The identification number must be printed without spaces between characters. Structure, content and locations Vehicle VIN vehicles certified in the territory of the Republic of Belarus are indicated in Appendix No. 2 to the “Vehicle Type Approval” and in the operating manual.

On a vehicle other than identification VIN numbers, applied directly to the vehicle, a manufacturer's plate must be installed, which is placed in a place convenient for reading - a part of the vehicle (chassis) that cannot be replaced during operation, and must not be removed without the use of a special tool.

The manufacturer's plate must be rectangular shape with dimensions that allow it to be placed in general case, the following mandatory information in Russian and (or) foreign language:

1 Manufacturer's name. The manufacturer may also place on the label trademark as additional information;

2 Vehicle type approval number assigned in in the prescribed manner;

3 Vehicle identification number (VIN code);

4 Permissible total vehicle weight;

5 Permissible weight a combined vehicle, if the vehicle is used to tow a trailer (semi-trailer);

6 Acceptable axial loads(weights are indicated sequentially, starting from the front axle);

6 Permissible weight per fifth wheel (for semi-trailer).

An example of a manufacturer's plate is shown in Figure 5.

MINSK AUTOMOBILE PLANT
BY/112 03.06.049 2888
Y3M6501A890000567
			kg
	42000	60500	kg
1 –			kg
2 –			kg
3 –			kg

Figure 5 - Manufacturer's plate

The manufacturer may place on the label Additional information. This information must be located below or to the side of the rectangle containing the required inscriptions.

If the information on the manufacturer's plate is presented in a foreign language, its translation must be given in the instruction manual.

The manufacturer may additionally apply visible or invisible (visible in ultraviolet rays) markings to vehicles containing the VIN code or its descriptive (VDS) and index (VIS) parts.

Inscriptions in a foreign language applied by the manufacturer to the external or inner surface vehicle for the purpose of warning or informing consumers about design features of this vehicle must be duplicated in Russian. It is allowed not to duplicate well-known inscriptions in Russian, consisting of one or two words, applied to the controls. Translation and explanation of such inscriptions must be given in the vehicle operating instructions. An example of such a translation is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 – Inscriptions in a foreign language, their translation and explanation

Marking of vehicles (TS) is divided into main and additional. Basic marking of vehicles and their components is mandatory and is carried out their manufacturers. If a vehicle is manufactured sequentially by several enterprises, it is permissible to apply the main marking of the vehicle only by the manufacturer of the final product. Additional markings TS is recommended and is carried out both by vehicle manufacturers and and specialized enterprises. The main marking is carried out on the following products:

• trucks, including specialized and special ones on their chassis, tractors with an onboard platform, as well as multi-purpose vehicles and special wheeled chassis;
• passenger cars, including specialized and special ones based on them, cargo-passenger cars;
• buses, including specialized and special buses based on them;
• trolleybuses;
• trailers and semi-trailers;
• forklifts;
• internal combustion engines;
• motor vehicles;
• chassis trucks;
• truck cabins;
• car bodies;
• blocks of internal combustion engines.

Vehicle marking

A. Directly The vehicle identification number - VIN - must be applied to the product (non-removable part), in places least susceptible to destruction in a traffic accident. One of the selected The seats should be on the right side (in the direction of travel of the vehicle).
VIN is applied:

• on the body of a passenger car - in two places, in the front and rear parts;
• on the back of the bus - in two different places;
• on the body of a trolleybus - in one place;
• on a truck cab and a forklift - In one place;
• on the frame of a trailer, semi-trailer and motor transport funds - in one place;
• on off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklifts The VIN may be indicated on a separate plate.

B. The vehicle, as a rule, must have a plate located, if possible, in the front part and containing the following data:

• index (model, modification, version) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm3 or more);
• permissible gross weight;
• permissible total weight of the road train (for tractors);
• permissible weight per bogie axle(s), starting from the front axle;
• permissible weight permissible to fifth wheel device.

Vehicle identification number (VIN) - a combination of digital and alphabetic symbols assigned for identification purposes, is a mandatory element of marking and is individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

VIN has the following structure: WMI VDS VIS

The first part of the VIN (the first three characters) is international identification code manufacturer (WMI), allows you to identify the vehicle manufacturer and consists of three letters or letters and numbers.

In accordance with ISO 3780, the letters and numbers used in the first two characters of the WMI are assigned to the country and controlled by an international agency, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), working under the direction of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Distribution of the first two signs characterizing the zone and country of origin, according to SAE, given in Appendix 1.

The first character (geographic area code) is a letter or number that designates a specific geographic area.
For example:
from 1 to 5 - North America;
S to Z - Europe;
from A to H - Africa;
from J to R - Asia;
6.7 - Countries of Oceania;
8,9,0 - South America.

The second character (country code) is a letter or number that identifies the country in a specific geographic area. If necessary, multiple symbols may be used to indicate a country. Only the combination of the first and second characters guarantees unambiguous identification of the country. For example:
from 10 to 19 - USA;
from 1A to 1Z - USA;
from 2A to 2W - Canada;
from WA to 3W - Mexico;
from W0 to W9 - Germany, Federal Republic;
from WA to WZ - Germany, Federal Republic.

The third character is a letter or number that is assigned to the manufacturer by the National Organization. In Russia, such an organization is the Central Scientific Research Automobile and Motor Vehicle Institute (NAMI), located at the address: Russia, 125438, Moscow, st. Automotive, house 2, which assigns WMI as a whole.

Only the combination of the first, second and third characters provides unambiguous identification of the vehicle manufacturer - the international manufacturer identification code (WMI). The number 9 as the third character is used by National Organizations when it is necessary to characterize a manufacturer that produces less than 500 cars per year. International manufacturer codes (WMI) are given in Appendix 2. The second part of the VIN - the descriptive part of the identification number (VDS) consists of six characters (if the vehicle index consists of less than six characters, then

to blank the last VDS signs (on the right) are filled with zeros), indicating, as a rule, the model and modification of the vehicle, according to the design documentation (CD). The third part of the VIN - the index part of the identification number (VIS) - consists of eight characters (numbers and letters), of which the last four characters must be numbers. The first VIS character indicates the year code of the vehicle (see Appendix 3), subsequent characters indicate

serial number

Vehicle assigned by the manufacturer.

Several WMIs may be assigned to a manufacturer, but the same number may not be assigned to another vehicle manufacturer for at least 30 years from the moment it was first used by the previous (first) manufacturer. Motor vehicles (ATS) are divided into passenger, cargo and special. TO passenger transport relate cars and buses. To cargo - cargo

flatbed cars , vans, dump trucks, tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, including specialized vehicles designed to transport a specific type of special cargo. Special vehicles include rolling stock equipped and designed to perform special, predominantly non-transport work, not related to the transportation of general cargo (including firefighters, utilities, workshops, cranes, tankers, tow trucks, etc.). Currently, a new international classification and designations adopted in international regulations developed by the Committee on

internal transport

UN Economic Commission for Europe (Consolidated resolution on the design of vehicles. UNECE Regulations, etc.).	UNECE classification of motor vehicles PBX category Type and	general purpose ATS	Maximum weight
M 1	Vehicles used for the transport of passengers and having no more than 8 seats (except for the driver’s seat)	Not regulated	Passenger cars, including all-terrain
M 2		Up to 5.0	Buses: city (cl. I), intercity (cl. II), tourist (cl. III)
M 3	Vehicles used for the transport of passengers and having more than 8 seats (except for the driver’s seat)	Over 5.0	Buses: city, including articulated (cl. I), intercity (cl. II), tourist (cl. III)
M 2 and M 3	Separately, small vehicles are designated for the transport of passengers, with a capacity of no more than 22 seats or standing passengers(except driver's seat)	Not regulated	Small buses, including cross-country buses, for standing and seated passengers (cl. A) and for seated passengers (cl. B)
N 1		Up to 3.5	Freight, specialized and special vehicles, including all-terrain
N 2	Vehicles intended for the transportation of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
N 3	Vehicles intended for the transportation of goods	Over 12.0	Trucks, tractor-trailers, specialized and special vehicles, including off-road vehicles
O 1		Up to 0.75	Trailers
O 2	Vehicles towed for transportation	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
O 3	Vehicles towed for transportation	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
O 4	Vehicles towed for transportation	Over 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers

Along with the new international classification, our country also uses the industry standard OH 025 270-66, which regulates the classification and designation system of vehicles. The rolling stock was assigned designations in accordance with factory registers, including: letter designations manufacturer, and the serial number of the rolling stock model. Factory designations of rolling stock are still practiced for a number of models, including specialized and special purpose.

In accordance with the standard OH 025 270-66, the following ATS designation system was adopted.

The 1st digit indicates the vehicle class:

For passenger cars by engine displacement (in liters or cubic dm): 11 - especially small (volume up to 1.1 l);

21 - small (from 1.1 to 1.8 l);

31 - medium (from 1.8 to 3.5 l);

41 - large (over 3.5 l);

51 - highest (working volume is not regulated).

For buses by overall length (in meters):

22 - especially small (length up to 5.5);

32 - small (6.0 - 7.5);

42 - average (8.5 - 10.0);

52 - large (11.0 - 12.0); 62 - especially large; (articulated) (16.5 - 24.0).

For trucks by gross weight:

Full mass, T.	Operational purpose of the vehicle
Onboard	Tractors	Dump trucks	Tanks	Vans	Special
up to 1.2
1.2 to 2.0
2.0 to 8.0
8.0 to 14.0
14.0 to 20.0
20.0 to 40.0
over 40.0

Note. Class designations from 18 to 78 ending in the number “8” are reserved and are not included in the indexing.

The 2nd digit indicates the type of telephone exchange:

1 - passenger car;

2 - bus;

3 - cargo flatbed vehicle or pickup truck;

4 - tractor unit;

5 - dump truck;

6 - tank;

7 - van;

8 - reserve digit;

9 - special vehicle.

The 3rd and 4th digits of the indices indicate the serial number of the model.

The 5th digit is the vehicle modification.

6th digit - type of execution:

1 - for cold climates;

6 - export version for temperate climates;

7 - export version for tropical climates.

Some motor vehicles have in their designation the prefix 01, 02, 03, etc. - this indicates that basic model has modifications.

Appendix No. 4

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ORDER of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 03/14/2008 AM-23-r ON THE INTRODUCTION OF METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUEL CONSUMPTION RATES AND... Relevant in 2018

Appendix No. 3. CLASSIFICATION AND NATIONALING SYSTEM OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Vehicle assigned by the manufacturer.

Passenger transport includes cars and buses. For cargo - cargo flatbed vehicles, vans, dump trucks, tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, including specialized vehicles designed for transporting a specific type of special cargo. Special vehicles include rolling stock equipped and designed to perform special, predominantly non-transport work, not related to the transportation of general cargo (including firefighters, utilities, workshops, cranes, tankers, tow trucks, etc.).

Currently, a new international classification and designations have been introduced for motor transport, adopted in the international rules developed by the Inland Transport Committee of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (Consolidated Resolution on the design of vehicles. UNECE Rules, etc.).

internal transport

PBX category	Type and general purpose of automatic telephone exchange	Maximum weight, t	Class and operational purpose of the vehicle
1	2	3	4
M 1	Vehicles used for the transport of passengers and having no more than 8 seats (except for the driver’s seat)	Not regulated	Passenger cars, including all-terrain vehicles
M 2		Up to 5.0	Buses: city (cl. I), intercity (cl. II), tourist (cl. III)
M 3	Vehicles used for the transport of passengers and having more than 8 seats (except for the driver’s seat)	Over 5.0	Buses: city, including articulated (cl. I), intercity (cl. II), tourist (cl. III)
M 2 and M 3	Separately, small vehicles are designated for the transport of passengers, with a capacity of no more than 22 seated or standing passengers (except for the driver’s seat)	Not regulated	Small buses, including cross-country buses, for standing and seated passengers (cl. A) and for seated passengers (cl. B)
N 1		Up to 3.5	Trucks, specialized and special vehicles, including off-road vehicles
N 2	Vehicles intended for the transportation of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
N 3	Vehicles intended for the transportation of goods	Over 12.0	Trucks, tractor-trailers, specialized and special vehicles, including off-road vehicles
O 1		Up to 0.75	Trailers
O 2	Vehicles towed for transportation	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
O 3	Vehicles towed for transportation	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
O 4	Vehicles towed for transportation	Over 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers

41 - large (over 3.5 l);

51 - highest (working volume is not regulated).

For buses by overall length (in meters):

22 - especially small (length up to 5.5);

32 - small (6.0 - 7.5);

42 - average (8.5 - 10.0);

52 - large (11.0 - 12.0); 62 - especially large; (articulated) (16.5 - 24.0).

For trucks by gross weight:

Total weight, t.	Operational purpose of the vehicle
	Onboard	Tractors	Dump trucks	Tanks	Vans	Special
up to 1.2	13	14	15	16	17	19
1.2 to 2.0	23	24	25	26	27	29
2.0 to 8.0	33	34	35	36	37	39
8.0 to 14.0	43	44	45	46	47	49
14.0 to 20.0	53	54	55	56	57	59
20.0 to 40.0	63	64	65	66	67	69
over 40.0	73	74	75	76	77	79

4 - truck tractor;

5 - dump truck;

6 - tank;

7 - van;

8 - reserve digit;

9 - special vehicle.

The 3rd and 4th digits of the indices indicate the serial number of the model.

The 5th digit is the vehicle modification.

6th digit - type of execution:

1 - for cold climates;

6 - export version for temperate climates;

7 - export version for tropical climates.

Some vehicles have the prefix 01, 02, 03, etc. in their designation - this indicates that the base model has modifications.

Appendix No. 4

1.2 Legend

G H - rated vehicle load capacity, N (provided technical specifications);

Go is the weight of the empty vehicle (its own weight in running order);

Go1 - dead weight on the front axle, N;

Go2 - dead weight on the rear axle, N;

Ga - total weight of the vehicle (laden), N;

Ga1 - total weight on the front axle, N;

Ga2 - total weight on the rear axle, N;

Z - vehicle base, m;

A is the distance of the front wheel axis to the center of gravity of the car, m;

C - distance from axis rear wheels to the center of gravity of the vehicle, m;

n1 - number of wheels on the front axle, pcs;

n2 - number of axis per rear axle, PC;

B - tire profile width, m;

D - rim mounting diameter, m;

P1 - air pressure in the tires of the front wheels, MN/m2;

V1 - vehicle speed, m/s;

P2 - air pressure in the tires of the rear wheels, MN/m 2;

R - turning radius of the road, m;

G - free fall acceleration, m/s 2 (g = 9.8 m/s 2);

K y 1 - coefficient of wheel slip resistance of the front tire, n/rad.;

K y 2 - wheel slip resistance coefficient rear tire, n/rad.;

PtsG 0 - centrifugal force acting on an empty car, n;

PcG a - centrifugal force acting on a loaded vehicle when it moves around a bend in the road, N;.

Pts1G 0 - part centrifugal force, falling on the front axle of a loaded vehicle, N;

Pt2G 0 - part of the centrifugal force falling on the rear axle of a loaded vehicle, N;

Pt1G a - part of the centrifugal force falling on the front axle of an empty car, N;.

Pt2G a - part of the centrifugal force falling on the rear axle of an empty car, N;

δ n G 0 - slip angle of the front axle of an empty vehicle, rad;

δ з G 0 - slip angle of the rear axle of an empty vehicle, rad;

δ n G a - slip angle of the front axle of a loaded vehicle, rad;

δ з G a - slip angle of the rear axle of a loaded vehicle, rad;

Critical speed of an empty vehicle, m/s;

Critical speed of a loaded vehicle, m/s;

The car model is selected according to the penultimate digit of the grade book:

Gн	8,3	N2	2
Go	17,2	P1	0,25
Go1	9,3	P2	0,25
Go2	7,9	b	0,200
Z	2,7	d	0,381
A	1,4	n1	2
C	1,3

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