the Russian Federation Order of the Department for the Development of the Automotive Industry

OST 37.001.269-96 Transport vehicles. Marking (as amended N 1, 2)

set a bookmark

OST 37.001.269-96

INDUSTRY STANDARD

Transport vehicles. Marking

Foreword

1. DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation by the Central Order of the Red Banner of Labor by the Research Automobile and Automotive Repair Institute (SSC RF NAMI).

CONTRACTORS:

B.V. Kisulenko, Cand. tech. Sciences (topic leader); V. A. Fedotov, I. I. Malashkov, Cand. tech. sciences; A.A. Nosenkov, Cand. tech. sciences.

Revised with the participation of specialists from the Main Directorate of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (S.G. Zubrisky), the Research Center of the State Automobile Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (B.M.Savin, A.E.Shvets, P.P.Bulavkin, S.A. Fomochkin) and JSC "LITEX" (IA Osipov).

2. Adopted by the Technical Committee TC 56 "Road Transport".

3. PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Directorate for the Development of the Automotive Industry of February 28, 1996 N 2.

4. The standard in terms of the requirements for the vehicle identification number fully complies with ISO 3779-83 and ISO 4030-83.

5. REPLACE OST 37.001.269-87.

6. REVISED 1998 with amendments 1 and 2 (UNDER N 1 1998).

1 area of use

1.1. This standard establishes the technical requirements and content of the main and additional markings of vehicles (TC): auto and motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers for them, forklifts, trolleybuses, as well as their main parts.

The provisions of this standard in terms of requirements for the main marking apply to vehicles and their main parts manufactured after the date of entry into force of this standard.

1.2. The safety requirements for property of the public are set out in sections 3, 4, 5 and 7.

2. Normative references

4.2. Products subject to mandatory certification must have a conformity mark in accordance with GOST R 50460.

4.3. Vehicle marking.

4.3.1. The vehicle must be marked with its identification number (VIN). *

* The abbreviations of the identification number and its structural parts given in clauses 4 and 5 of this standard correspond to ISO 3779, ISO 3780 and ISO 4030.

The VIN must be applied directly to the product (non-removable part), in the places least prone to destruction in a road accident. One of the selected places must be on the right side (in the direction of the vehicle's movement).

VIN is applied:

a) on the body of a car - in two places, in the front and rear parts;

b) on the body of the bus - in two different places;

c) on the body of the trolleybus - in one place;

d) on the cab of a truck and a forklift - in one place;

e) on the frame of the trailer, semi-trailer and motor vehicle - in one place.

On off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, the VIN is allowed to be indicated on a separate plate.

4.3.2. The vehicle, as a rule, should have a plate located, if possible, in the front and containing the following data:

b) index (model, modification, performance) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm and more);

c) permissible total weight; *

d) permissible total mass of the road train (for tractors); *

e) permissible mass per axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle; *

f) permissible weight per fifth wheel coupling. *

* Data is not indicated for trolleybuses and motor vehicles; for the rest of the vehicles, the need to indicate data is established by the enterprise - the holder of the originals of design documents (CD). For trailers and semi-trailers, the data may be indicated directly on the product.

4.4. Marking of vehicle components.

4.4.1. Internal combustion engines, as well as chassis and cabins of trucks, bodies of cars and engine blocks must be marked with the identification number of the component (identification number of the midrange).

The middle part identification number consists of two structural parts, the number of characters and the rules for the formation of which are similar to VDS and VIS section 5.

4.4.2. The identification number of the midrange on the chassis and cab frame of a truck, as well as on the body of a passenger car, should be applied, if possible, in the front part, on the right side, in one place, allowing it to be seen from outside the vehicle.

4.4.3. Engines are marked on the block in one place.

Engine blocks are marked in one place, while the first part of the identification number of the midrange, similar to VDS, may not be indicated

5. Vehicle identification number

5.1. Vehicle identification number (VIN) - a combination of digital and letter symbols assigned for identification purposes, are a mandatory marking element and are individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

5.2. VIN has the following structure:

5.2.1. International Manufacturer's Identification Code (WMI) - the first part of the VIN, which allows you to identify the vehicle manufacturer, consists of three letters and numbers.

In general, WMI assigns the Central Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI), located at the address: Russia, 125438, Moscow, Avtomotornaya str., 2.

NOTE In accordance with ISO 3780, the letters and numbers used in the first two characters of WMI are assigned to the country and controlled by an international agency, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), under the authority of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

5.2.2. (apt. 2) The descriptive part (VDS) of the identification number - the second part of the VIN, consists of six characters.

As VDS, the vehicle index should be used, which is an integral part of its designation assigned in the manner prescribed for products of the automotive industry. *

* Designation is assigned:

US - the vehicle specified in 3.1., Items a) -g) (address - according to 5.2.1.);
JSC "MOTOPROM" - TS under 3.1., Transfer h) (address - Russia, 142207, Serpukhov, Borisovskoe shosse, 17).

For motor vehicles, the Latin letter "M" must be used on the first VDS sign as a distinguishing feature from other vehicles. Subsequent VDS characters have an index without a dot.

If the vehicle index includes less than six characters, zeroes should be put in the blank spaces of the last VDS characters (on the right).

If it is necessary to reflect the variance and (or) completeness of the vehicle in the identification number, it is recommended in VDS to use their conditional code, which is assigned by the company - the holder of the originals of the CA.

Examples of using conditional codes as VDS are shown in Table 2.

table 2

5.2.3. Identification Number Indicator (VIS) - The third part of the VIN consists of eight numbers and letters, of which the last four characters must be numbers. The first sign must indicate the code of the year of manufacture of the vehicle in accordance with Appendix A. Subsequent signs must indicate the serial number of the vehicle, which is assigned by the manufacturer.

5.2.4. (Ex. 1) The content of the marking, including the vehicle code according to 5.2.2., must be given in the manual (instructions) for operation and, at the discretion of the developer, in the technical specifications of the vehicle.

6. Additional marking of the vehicle

6.1. Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle on it, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

6.2. Visible markings are applied to the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components:

a) windshield glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;

b) rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;

c) glass side windows (movable) - in the rear, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;

d) headlights and taillights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sidewalls of the body (cab).

6.3. As a rule, invisible markings are applied to:

a) roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windscreen glass seal;

b) upholstery of the driver's seat back - on the left (in the direction of the vehicle's movement) lateral surface, in the middle part, along the backrest frame;

c) the surface of the housing of the turn signal switch along the axis of the steering column.

7. Technical requirements for marking

7.1. The method of performing the main and additional visible markings must ensure the clarity of the image and its safety during the entire service life of the vehicle under the conditions and modes established by the design documentation.

7.2. In the identification numbers of the vehicle and the midpoint, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals should be used.

7.2.1. The company chooses the font of the letters from the types of fonts established in the regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

7.2.2. The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

7.3. The identification number of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as signs of additional marking must be depicted in one or two lines.

When the identification number is displayed in two lines, none of its component parts is allowed to be divided by hyphenation. At the beginning and end of the line (s) there must be a sign (symbol, delimiting frame of the plate, etc.), which is chosen by the company and must differ from the numbers and letters of the marking. The selected character is described in the technical documentation. There must be no spaces between the characters and lines of the identification number. The division of the component parts of the identification number by the selected sign is allowed.

Note - When giving the identification number in text documents, it is allowed not to put down the selected sign.

7.4. When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

7.7. Additional invisible marking is made using a special technology and becomes visible in the light of ultraviolet rays. When marking, the structure of the material on which it is applied must not be disturbed.

7.8. Destruction and (or) change of markings during the repair of the vehicle and their component parts is not allowed.

Appendix A
(required)

Numbers and letters used in identification numbers as the year code of the product

VIN-code - what is it for?

The international standard ISO 3779, which describes the format of the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) of a vehicle, not only makes it easy to classify and identify a vehicle, but also serves as reliable protection against theft and theft. TS.

For the first time, the VIN code was used in 1977 by Canadian and American car manufacturers. The VIN-code consists of letters and numbers, the combination of which cannot be altered, since the algorithm for calculating the check number is used when creating the code, by which you can check the car for theft. Therefore, criminals on stolen cars are more likely to change the VIN-code to other valid VIN-codes (for documents of recycled cars or openly breed "clones").

Why do you need to know what a VIN code is?

The fact is that the main purpose of the wine code is to identify the car. It is thanks to the unique structure of the code and the presence of the verification number that the risk of acquiring a stolen car can be reduced. And the more reliable the VIN-code is "fixed" on the car, the more plates (nameplates) with the VIN-code on the car, the more difficult it is for attackers to change the native VIN-code of a car to someone else's.

Vehicle marking

Vehicle (TC) marking is subdivided into main and additional. The main marking of the vehicle and their component parts is mandatory and carried out by their manufacturers. In the case of the manufacture of a vehicle sequentially by several enterprises, it is permissible to apply the main marking of the vehicle only by the manufacturer of the final product. Additional vehicle marking is recommended and carried out by both vehicle manufacturers and specialized enterprises. The development and control of the procedure for applying the main and additional marking of the vehicle is assigned to the relevant ministries of those countries on the territory of which the vehicle is produced.

Application of the main marking

The vehicle identification number - VIN must be applied directly to the product (non-removable part), in places least susceptible to destruction in a road traffic accident. One of the selected places must be on the right side (in the direction of the vehicle's movement). VIN is applied: - on the body of a passenger car - in two places, in the front and rear parts; - on the body of the bus - in two different places; - on the body of the trolleybus - in one place; - on the cab of a truck and a forklift - in one place; - on the frame of a trailer, semi-trailer and motor vehicle - in one place; - on off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, VIN is allowed to be indicated on a separate plate.
The vehicle, as a rule, must have a plate located, if possible, in the front part and containing the following data: - VIN; - index (model, modification, performance) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm3 and more); - permissible total weight; - permissible total mass of the road train (for tractors); - permissible mass per axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle; - permissible weight per fifth wheel coupling.

Vehicle identification number (VIN)- a combination of digital and letter symbols assigned for identification purposes is a mandatory marking element and is individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

VIN has the following structure: WMI (3 characters) + VDS (6 characters) + VIS (8 characters)

The first part of the VIN(first three characters) - international manufacturer identification code (WMI), allows to identify the vehicle manufacturer and consists of three letters or letters and numbers.

In accordance with ISO 3780, the letters and numbers used in the first two characters of WMI are assigned to the country and controlled by an international agency - the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), under the leadership of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The distribution of the first two signs, characterizing the zone and country of manufacture, according to SAE, is given in Appendix 1.

First sign(geographic area code) is a letter or number that designates a specific geographic area. For example: 1 to 5 - North America; from S to Z - Europe; from A to H - Africa; J to R - Asia; 6.7 - Countries of Oceania; 8.9.0 - South America.

Second sign(country code) is a letter or number that designates a country in a specific geographic area. If necessary, several characters may be used to indicate a country. Only the combination of the first and second characters guarantees unique identification of the country. For example: from 10 to 19 - USA; from 1A to 1Z - USA; from 2A to 2W - Canada; from ЗA to ЗW - Mexico; from W0 to W9 - Germany, Federal Republic; from WA to WZ - Germany, Federal Republic.

Third sign is the letter or number assigned to the manufacturer by the National Organization. In Russia, such an organization is the Central Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI), located at the address: Russia, 125438, Moscow, st. Avtomotornaya, house 2, which assigns WMI as a whole. Only the combination of the first, second and third characters provides a unique identification of the vehicle manufacturer - the International Manufacturer's Identification Code (WMI). The number 9 as the third digit is used by National Organizations when it is necessary to characterize a manufacturer that produces less than 500 vehicles per year. Manufacturing International (WMI) codes are listed in Appendix 2.

Second part VIN- the descriptive part of the identification number (VDS) consists of six characters (if the vehicle index consists of less than six characters, then zeroes are placed in the blank spaces of the last VDS characters (on the right)), usually denoting the model and modification of the vehicle, according to the design documentation (CD).

The third part of the VIN- the identifying part of the identification number (VIS) - consists of eight characters (numbers and letters), of which the last four characters must be numbers. The first VIS character indicates the vehicle year of manufacture code (see Appendix 3), subsequent characters indicate the serial number of the vehicle assigned by the manufacturer.

Several WMIs can be assigned to a manufacturer, but the same number must not be assigned to another car manufacturer for at least 30 years from the moment it was first used by the previous (first) manufacturer.

Content and place of additional marking

Additional vehicle markings are often called anti-theft, since its main purpose is to exclude the possibility of complete loss of the vehicle identification number - VIN under any operating conditions of the vehicle for 30 years. The main marking of the vehicle must ensure the identification of the vehicle (preservation of the VIN) during normal (normal) vehicle operation and extreme, which is considered a road traffic accident, of any degree of consequence. The methods and the limited number of places for applying the main marking on the vehicle allow attackers, in artisanal conditions, to relatively effectively carry out fraudulent actions with the vehicle, which is practically impossible both technically and economically impractical in the presence of additional vehicle marking.

Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle on it, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

Visible markings are applied on the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components: - windscreen glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal; - rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal; - glass side windows (movable) - in the rear, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal; - headlights and taillights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sidewalls of the body (cab).

Invisible markings are applied, as a rule, on: - roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windscreen glass seal; - upholstery of the backrest of the driver's seat - on the left (in the direction of travel of the vehicle) side surface, in the middle part, along the backrest frame; - the surface of the housing of the direction indicator switch along the axis of the steering column.

Technical requirements for marking

Method of execution main and additional visible markings must ensure the clarity of the image and its safety during the entire service life of the vehicle under the conditions and modes established in the design documentation.

In the identification numbers of the vehicle and midrange, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals should be used.

The company chooses the font of the letters from the types of fonts established in the regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

The identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as signs of additional marking must be depicted in one or two lines.

When the identification number is displayed in two lines, none of its component parts is allowed to be divided by hyphenation. At the beginning and at the end of the line (s) there must be a sign (symbol, delimiting frame of the plate, etc.), which is chosen by the company and must differ from the numbers and letters of the marking. The selected character is described in the technical documentation.

There must be no spaces between the characters and lines of the identification number. The division of the component parts of the identification number by the selected sign is allowed.

Note. When giving the identification number in text documents, it is allowed not to put down the selected sign.

When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

a) in the identification numbers of the vehicle and midrange: 7 mm - when applied directly to the vehicle and their component parts, while 5 mm is allowed - for engines and their blocks; 4 mm - when applied directly to motor vehicles; 4 mm - when applied to plates;

b) in the rest of the marking data - 2.5 mm.

The identification number of the main marking should be applied to surfaces that have traces of mechanical processing provided for by the technological process. The plates must comply with the requirements of GOST 12969, GOST 12970, GOST 12971 and be attached to the product using, as a rule, a one-piece connection.

Additional invisible markings is carried out using a special technology and becomes visible in the light of ultraviolet rays. When marking, the structure of the material on which it is applied must not be disturbed.

Destruction and (or) change of markings during the repair of the vehicle and their component parts is not allowed.

(TS)

Vehicle marking (TS) is subdivided into primary and secondary. The main marking of the vehicle and their component parts is mandatory and carried out by their manufacturers. In the case of the manufacture of a vehicle sequentially by several enterprises, it is permissible to apply the main marking of the vehicle only by the manufacturer of the final product. Additional vehicle marking is recommended and carried out by both vehicle manufacturers and specialized enterprises. The main marking is performed on the following products:

trucks, including specialized and special ones on their chassis, tractors with an onboard platform, as well as multi-purpose vehicles and special wheeled chassis; passenger cars, including specialized and special on their basis, cargo and passenger;
buses, including specialized and special ones based on them;
trolleybuses;
trailers and semi-trailers;
forklift trucks;
internal combustion engines;
motor vehicles;
truck chassis;
cabins of trucks;
car bodies;
blocks of internal combustion engines.

Content and location of the main marking

In addition to the fact that the vehicle, chassis and engines must have a trademark in accordance with GOST 26828, and products subject to mandatory certification must have a conformity mark in accordance with GOST R 50460, a special marking of the vehicle and its components is made.

Vehicle marking

on the body of a car - in two places, in the front and rear parts;
on the body of the bus - in two different places;
on the trolleybus body - in one place;
on the cab of a truck and a forklift - in one place;
on the frame of a trailer, semi-trailer and motor vehicle - in one place;
on off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, VINs may be indicated on a separate plate.

B. The vehicle, as a rule, should have a plate located, if possible, in the front part and containing the following data:

index (model, modification, version) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm3 and more);
permissible total weight;
permissible total mass of the road train (for tractors);
permissible mass per axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle;
permissible fifth wheel weight.

Vehicle identification number (VIN) - a combination of digital and letter symbols assigned for identification purposes is a mandatory marking element and is individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

VIN has the following structure: WMI VDS VIS

The first part of the VIN (first three characters)- International Manufacturer's Identification Code (WMI), allows identification of the vehicle manufacturer and consists of three letters or letters and numbers.

The first character (geographic area code) is a letter or number that designates a specific geographic area.
For instance:
1 to 5 - North America;
from S to Z - Europe;
from A to H - Africa;
J to R - Asia;
6.7 - Countries of Oceania;
8.9.0 - South America.

The second character (country code) is a letter or number that designates a country in a specific geographic area. If necessary, several characters may be used to indicate a country. Only the combination of the first and second characters guarantees unique identification of the country. For instance:
from 10 to 19 - USA;
from 1A to 1Z - USA;
from 2A to 2W - Canada;
from ЗA to ЗW - Mexico;
from W0 to W9 - Germany, Federal Republic;
from WA to WZ - Germany, Federal Republic.

The third character is a letter or number assigned to the manufacturer by the National Authority. In Russia, such an organization is the Central Research Automotive and Automotive Institute (NAMI), located at the address: Russia, 125438, Moscow, st. Avtomotornaya, house 2, which assigns WMI as a whole. Only the combination of the first, second and third characters provides a unique identification of the vehicle manufacturer - the International Manufacturer's Identification Code (WMI). The number 9 as the third digit is used by National Organizations when it is necessary to characterize a manufacturer that produces less than 500 vehicles per year.

Marking of vehicle components

Internal combustion engines, as well as chassis and cabins of trucks, bodies of passenger cars and engine blocks must be marked with the identification number of the component (CP).

The midrange identification number consists of two structural parts, the number of characters and the rules for the formation of which are similar to VDS and VIS VIN.

The identification number of the midrange on the chassis frame and the cab of the truck should be applied, if possible, in the front part, on the right side, in one place, allowing it to be seen from outside the vehicle.

Engines are marked on the engine block in one place.

Engine blocks are marked in one place, while the first part of the identification number of the midrange, similar to VDS, is allowed not to be indicated.

Content and place of additional marking

Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle on it, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

Visible markings are applied to the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components:

windscreen glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
side window glass (movable) - in the rear, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
headlights and taillights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sidewalls of the body (cab).

As a rule, invisible markings are applied to:

roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windscreen glass seal;
upholstery of the driver's seat back - on the left (in the direction of travel of the vehicle) side surface, in the middle, along the back frame;
the surface of the housing of the turn signal switch along the axis of the steering column.

Technical requirements for marking

The method of performing the main and additional visible markings must ensure the clarity of the image and its safety during the entire service life of the vehicle under the conditions and modes established in the design documentation.

In the identification numbers of the vehicle and midrange, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals should be used.

The company chooses the font of the letters from the types of fonts established in the regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

The identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as signs of additional marking must be depicted in one or two lines.

There must be no spaces between the characters and lines of the identification number. The division of the component parts of the identification number by the selected sign is allowed. Note. When giving the identification number in text documents, it is allowed not to put down the selected sign.

When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

a) in the identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange:
7 mm - when applied directly to the vehicle and their components, while 5 mm is allowed - for engines and their blocks;
4 mm - when applied directly to motor vehicles;
4 mm - when applied to plates;

b) in the rest of the marking data - 2.5 mm.

Additional invisible marking is made using a special technology and becomes visible in the light of ultraviolet rays. When making the marking, the structure of the material on which it is applied must not be disturbed.

Destruction and (or) change of markings during the repair of the vehicle and their component parts is not allowed. Marking methods are not stipulated by the standards and can be either manual or mechanized.

With the manual method of applying the marking with a hammer blow on the brand, a depressed image of a number, letter, asterisk or other sign is obtained on a panel or platform. In this case, the order of applying the signs is chosen by the worker. As a result of manual filling, the characters are displaced horizontally and vertically, there is a deviation of the vertical axes, to exclude this, a template can be used. In this case, the depth of the marking digits is not the same.

Mechanized marking is carried out in two ways: impact and knurling. Both methods have their own characteristics. So, with a microscopic examination of the marking made with a roller, traces of the entry of the working part of the mark from one and its exit from the other side of the mark are visible. With the impact method, the working part of the stamp moves strictly vertically.

Quite often, with the mechanized method of applying markings, especially on aluminum blocks, "underfilling" occurs, as a result of which the marks of the marking are too small or barely noticeable. In such cases, manual finishing or repeated mechanized finishing is performed. With manual finishing, accompanying signs appear. With repeated mechanized application, double outlines with the same sign shift may be visible.

With the combined method of marking, some of the marks are applied mechanically, and the rest are achieved manually. This option is characterized by signs of both methods.

Additional marking is applied, as a rule, by sandblasting or milling of car parts made of glass, or by applying designations with a special composition containing phosphors on the interior elements of the car interior. In the first case, the marking is observed visually without the help of special devices, in the second, for its detection, the use of an ultraviolet lamp is required.

The main marking is performed on the following products:

Trucks, including specialized and special ones on their chassis, tractors with an onboard platform, as well as multi-purpose vehicles and special wheeled chassis;
- passenger cars, including specialized and special on their basis, cargo and passenger;
- buses, including specialized and special buses based on them;
- trolleybuses;
- trailers and semi-trailers;
- forklift trucks;
- internal combustion engines;
- motor vehicles;
- chassis of trucks;
- cabins of trucks;
- car bodies;
- blocks of internal combustion engines.

Content and location of the main marking

Vehicle marking

A. The vehicle identification number - VIN must be applied directly to the product (non-removable part), in places least prone to destruction in a road traffic accident. One of the selected places must be on the right side (in the direction of the vehicle's movement). VIN is applied:
- on the body of a car - in two places, in the front and rear parts;
- on the body of the bus - in two different places;
- on the body of the trolleybus - in one place;
- on the cab of a truck and a forklift - in one place;
- on the frame of a trailer, semi-trailer and motor vehicle - in one place;
- on off-road vehicles, trolleybuses and forklift trucks, VIN is allowed to be indicated on a separate plate.

B. The vehicle, as a rule, should have a plate located, if possible, in the front part and containing the following data:
- VIN;
- index (model, modification, performance) of the engine (with a working volume of 125 cm3 and more);
- permissible total weight;
- permissible total mass of the road train (for tractors);
- permissible mass per axle / axles of bogies, starting from the front axle;
- permissible weight per fifth wheel coupling.

Vehicle identification number (VIN) is a combination of digital and letter symbols assigned for identification purposes, is a mandatory marking element and is individual for each vehicle for 30 years.

VIN has the following structure: WMI VDS VIS

The first part of the VIN (the first three characters) is the international manufacturer's identification code (WMI), which identifies the vehicle manufacturer and consists of three letters or letters and numbers.

The second character (country code) is a letter or number that designates a country in a specific geographic area. If necessary, several characters may be used to indicate a country. Only the combination of the first and second characters guarantees unique identification of the country.
For instance:
from 10 to 19 - USA;
from 1A to 1Z - USA;
from 2A to 2W - Canada;
from ЗA to ЗW - Mexico;
from W0 to W9 - Germany, Federal Republic;
from WA to WZ - Germany, Federal Republic.

The second part of the VIN - the descriptive part of the identification number (VDS) consists of six characters (if the vehicle index consists of less than six characters, then zeroes are put in the blank spaces of the last VDS characters (on the right)), usually denoting the model and modification of the vehicle, according to the design documentation (CD).

The third part of the VIN - the identifying part of the identification number (VIS) - consists of eight characters (numbers and letters), of which the last four characters must be numbers. The first VIS character indicates the vehicle year of manufacture code (see Appendix 3), subsequent characters indicate the serial number of the vehicle assigned by the manufacturer.

Marking of vehicle components

Internal combustion engines, as well as chassis and cabins of trucks, bodies of passenger cars and engine blocks must be marked with the identification number of the component (CP).

The midrange identification number consists of two structural parts, the number of characters and the rules for the formation of which are similar to VDS and VIS VIN.

Engines are marked on the engine block in one place.

Engine blocks are marked in one place, while the first part of the identification number of the midrange, similar to VDS, is allowed not to be indicated.

Content and place of additional marking

Additional marking of the vehicle provides for the application of the VDS and VIS identification number of the vehicle on it, visible and invisible to the eye (visible and invisible marking).

Visible markings are applied to the outer surface, as a rule, of the following vehicle components:
- windscreen glass - on the right side, along the upper edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
- rear window glass - on the left side, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
- glass side windows (movable) - in the rear, along the lower edge of the glass, at a distance of about 20 mm from the seal;
- headlights and taillights - on the glass (or rim), along the lower edge, near the sidewalls of the body (cab).

As a rule, invisible markings are applied to:
- roof lining - in the central part, at a distance of about 20 mm from the windscreen glass seal;
- upholstery of the backrest of the driver's seat - on the left (in the direction of travel of the vehicle) side surface, in the middle part, along the backrest frame;
- the surface of the housing of the direction indicator switch along the axis of the steering column.

Technical requirements for marking

In the identification numbers of the vehicle and midrange, the letters of the Latin alphabet (except for I, O and Q) and Arabic numerals should be used.

The company chooses the font of the letters from the types of fonts established in the regulatory documents, taking into account the adopted technological process.

The font of numbers should exclude the possibility of deliberate substitution of one number for another.

The identification numbers of the vehicle and the midrange, as well as signs of additional marking must be depicted in one or two lines.

When performing the main marking, the height of letters and numbers must be at least:

b) in the rest of the marking data - 2.5 mm.

Quite often, with a mechanized method of marking, especially on aluminum blocks, "underfilling" occurs, as a result of which the marks of the marking are too small or barely noticeable. In such cases, manual finishing or repeated mechanized finishing is performed. With manual finishing, accompanying signs appear. With repeated mechanized application, double outlines with the same sign shift may be visible.

With the combined method of marking, some of the marks are applied mechanically, and the rest are achieved manually. This option is characterized by signs of both methods.

Examples of vehicle marking of domestic and foreign production

This section provides examples of the location of the marking of units of VAZ, GAZ and Peugeot vehicles. Cars produced in the early 80s and earlier may have a marking that differs from the one below, due to the lack of uniform requirements for it. In this case, it is necessary to refer to the special reference literature. The location of the marking places for some cars of foreign production is given in Appendix 3. Volzhsky Automobile Plant.

Here is an example of marking the models VAZ - 2108, VAZ - 2109, VAZ - 21099.
1. The factory data plate is located under the bonnet on the front wall of the air intake box.
2. The VIN with the model and body number is stamped in the engine compartment on the right front spring seat.
3. The engine model and number are stamped on the rear end of the cylinder block above the clutch housing.

XTA - manufacturer's international identification code (for VAZ - XTA);
210900 - descriptive part: product index. The model or conditional code assigned by the manufacturer is indicated. In this case: 2108 - for VAZ 2108, 21090 - for VAZ 2109, 21099 - for VAZ 21099;
V - code of the vehicle's year of manufacture (V - 1997);
0051837 is the production number of the product.

Engine marking structure and content

Engine marking is applied to special milling platforms for engine cylinder blocks. The block is cast from a special gray cast iron. The marking process is mechanized.

On engines of the VAZ-2108, VAZ-21081, VAZ-21083 models, the marking is applied on the upper part of the rear wall of the block from the side of the flywheel on the left in the direction of the car's motion in an impact manner in one line in PO-5 font. It contains the model designation and the seven-digit serial number of the engine, enclosed between two asterisks and is continuous for these models. The sprockets fit into a 3.0 mm diameter circle.

Cylinder blocks supplied with spare parts are not labeled.

In the case of an erroneous application of the marking mark, the rewinding is done manually using stamps and a mandrel. The sign is clogged with a special pin and a new one is filled. In the case of an erroneous application of the entire number (or several characters), it is cut off with an emery wheel of a grinding machine to the depth of the embossed image and then a new number is stamped. If only part of the sign (s) is displayed in relief, then its not displayed part is stuffed manually. The signs of the technological number that are not displayed are not printed. The body marking is applied using a marking device in an impact manner. From October 1 of each year, the letter designation of the next calendar year is entered in the identification number.

The body for spare parts is always issued with its own number, and the marked body parts for spare parts are produced without a number. If the marking mark goes beyond the marking field ("floats" in height) or is applied by mistake, then it is stamped and a new mark is manually stamped. In the same way, the error on the painted body is corrected: after filling the sign and stripping it, it is painted over. Vehicles intended for export may be fitted with additional approval plates. The plates are attached to the body with one-sided rivets, less often with self-tapping screws. Gorky Automobile Plant.

Here is an example of marking for the GAZ-3102, GAZ-31029 models and their modifications.
1. The nameplate is attached to the right front mudguard under the bonnet.
2. The code of the year of manufacture and the number of the body (indicating part VIN) are stamped in the gutter of the hood drain on the right.
3. The model, number and year of engine manufacture are stamped on the high tide in the lower part of the cylinder block on the left.

The structure and content of the identification number

XTH - manufacturer's international identification code (XTH- for GAZ);
310200 - descriptive part: product index. The model or conditional code assigned by the manufacturer is indicated. In this case: 31020 - for GAZ 3102, 31022 - for GAZ 31022, 31029 - for GAZ 31029;
W - code of the car's year of manufacture (W - 1998);
0000342 is the production number of the product.
PEUGEOT plant.

Peugeot models - 205, 305 from 1983 and models 309, 405, 505 and 605 have a body number in the gutter on the right side of the flange of the front body panel or on the mudguard of the right front fender under the hood.

PEUGEOT has been using the 17-position chassis number (VIN) for its models since July 1981. For instance:
VF3 504 V51 S 3409458
VF3 - international manufacturer's identification code (VF3 - for PEUGEOT);
504 - vehicle type;
V51 - vehicle variant;
S - code of the vehicle's year of manufacture (S - 1995);
3409458 is the production number of the product.

Methods and signs of changing the marking data

This section discusses ways of changing markings outside the manufacturing plants, which should be distinguished from correcting erroneous marks, the entire marking as a whole at the manufacturing plant.

Signs that may indicate a change in marking are also listed here. When they are found, it is necessary to determine what caused them.

Some of the signs are formed both when manually filling or correcting an error at the manufacturer, and when falsifying the marking data. The other part is only for fake. The issue of counterfeiting can be resolved by conducting an appropriate study in the forensic department.

Methods and signs of changing body markings

The main ways to change body markings can be roughly divided into two groups A and B.

The group of methods A, accompanied by the destruction of the primary marking, is characterized by the removal of a section, part or all of the marking panel and replacing them with others. In this case, a comprehensive analysis is required to identify a vehicle.

When using the methods of changing the marking of group B, the primary marking or its traces is retained and, in principle, it is possible to identify it. Group B includes the following common methods of changing marking data, which are achieved by:
- completing the missing elements in the primary marking signs having a similar outline with the marks of the required (secondary) marking over the primary marks (for example: 1 - 4, 6 - 8, 3 - 8);
- hammering (stamping) of individual signs of primary marking and putting others in their place. Superfluous elements of signs are filled with plastic masses or melted and painted (for example: 4 -1, 8 - 3, 8 - 6);
- deepening the marking area, applying a layer of metal or plastic mass to the primary marking and embossing the required (secondary) marking on the resulting relief surface, followed by painting the body area;
- deepening of the section with marking and fixing in this place (by welding or gluing) the section of the panel with a different marking.

Signs indicating a change in body markings include:
- fuzzy outline of characters, their vertical displacement, different intervals and depths, differences in the configuration of characters from samples, extraneous strokes in characters;
- traces of surface treatment under the enamel layer, an increase in the thickness of the coating, as well as the presence of residues of putty or other materials in the marking area;
- the difference between the paintwork (LCP) of the marking panel and adjacent areas, the presence of sawdust (particles) of enamel on nearby parts;
- discrepancy between the marking and its display on the reverse side of the panel and traces of clogging signs on it, local increase in the thickness of the panel;
- welded seams on the marking panel, joining panels with welded seams, traces of drilling of welding points and imitation of spot resistance welding (filling the holes with molten tin or brass), etc.

Methods and signs of changing the marking of engines

To destroy the engine markings of passenger cars of any brands, the following main methods are used:
- cutting with a file manually;
- removal of the metal layer with a mechanical tool, for example, a grinder;
- clogging the old marking with a core or chisel, followed by filling in the required marks;
- gluing a thin metal plate with the desired marking on the marking area;
- thermal effect on the marking part of the cylinder block using a blowtorch, gas torch.

Signs of a change in engine marking include:
- traces of mechanical processing of the site;
- traces of primary marking;
- the difference between the texture of the surface of the site from the adjacent areas or from the factory sample, imitation of the texture of the surface of the marking site;
- absence of a layer of enamel or special composition on the marking area (for blocks made of aluminum and magnesium alloys).

Labeling Research Tools

Methods for falsifying marking data determine methods for searching and analyzing "extraneous defects" in the metal structure under a layer of paint and varnish coating (LCP), such as the presence of a weld, filled elements of signs, imitation of spot welding, etc.

In some cases, the identification of the fact of changing the marking does not cause serious difficulties and can be carried out during the inspection. However, there are cases when a successful solution of a problem without violating the integrity of parts is possible only when using non-destructive testing devices or special methods. A prerequisite for detecting by the traffic police of signs of changes in the marking of components and assemblies of the vehicle is the preservation of the integrity of the paintwork. Let's consider some non-destructive testing devices.

Eddy current flaw detectors

One of the first eddy current devices designed specifically for solving traffic police problems is the Contrast-M device (Voronezh). The device is designed to promptly identify signs of marking data on the body parts of vehicles. The device allows you to detect changes in the thickness of the paintwork, soldering, sticker or welding of metal fragments with changed marking data. The principle of operation of the device is based on the excitation of eddy currents in the metal and the registration of deviations of the secondary electromagnetic field created by these currents, due to changes in the marking data.

According to the test results, the MVD-2 small-sized vortex flaw detector (3) (Kazan) has also proven itself well. Its functionality can be improved by using a sensor that has a small, almost point-like working surface (surface of contact with the test sample). Therefore, with the help of MVD-2 (3), it is possible, for example, to determine the presence of filling of individual elements of characters when correcting characters with a similar configuration.

The Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI) has developed the VI-96N eddy current indicator. The MVD-2 (3) and VI-96N devices have practically the same technical capabilities, but unlike the Contrast-M device, they can detect:
- imitation of welding points (rivets from steel and non-ferrous metals, punching, mechanical working, applying putty);
- places of fastening of parts by welding, riveting (made of steel and non-ferrous metals), hidden by the subsequent application of paintwork;
- reducing the thickness of the part to be marked;
- "coining" of individual elements of signs;
- the presence of inclusions in individual elements of signs: metallic (usually non-ferrous metals), non-metallic (epoxy putty, polymer compounds, etc.).

The VI-96N device is more convenient in operation (it has automatic adjustment to the controlled surface, adjustment of the sensitivity threshold). VI-96N is recommended by the GUGAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to traffic police officers for an operational check of the area of location of markings of vehicle bodies and to employees of expert departments as a technical means of preliminary verification by non-destructive testing.

Eddy current flaw detectors allow detecting changes in marking associated with welding of a panel section with a different marking, replacing a panel part, overlaying a panel fragment with a secondary marking on the primary marking.

The method of work is determined by the method of changing the body marking. As a rule, first of all, a study is carried out on the sections of the panel adjacent to the place of marking. Triggering of the sound and (or) light alarm of the device indicates the presence of a solid metal defect in the form of a weld or a crack (if a fragment of a panel with a new in the case of overlapping a layer of tin or brass over the primary marking), etc.

If no defects were found in the area adjacent to the marking pad, the presence (absence) of a weld along the entire length of the shelf of the air inlet box is checked. Such a seam can appear as a result of replacing part of the panel.

When working with eddy current flaw detectors, it must be remembered that an alarm can be triggered by cracks that have arisen during straightening (repair, straightening) of the panel under study. As a rule, these cracks are located in a chaotic order, and therefore their differentiation does not cause any particular difficulties.

The experience of using these technical means shows that they are most acceptable for the needs of practitioners (portability, the ability to work in the field, versatility, etc.).

Magnetic particle flaw detectors

The use of this method assumes the presence of a permanent magnet of a certain configuration and a suspension of iron powder with water (powder consumption 20-30 g per 1 liter of water). Portable samples of equipment of the MDE-20Ts type, developed at TsNIITMash, include a rectifier, a connecting cable and an electromagnet. Overall dimensions of the device are 150x150x100 mm, weight is up to 5 kg.

To detect a possible change in the marking of the body, it is sufficient to apply a small amount of the suspension to the investigated area, where a magnetic field is generated. If there are welds or other similar defects on the panel, formed when the marking is changed, the magnetic particles will clearly indicate the contours of this damage.

Magnetic particle flaw detectors allow detecting changes in marking associated with welding of a panel section, replacement of a panel part, overlaying a panel fragment with a new marking on the existing marking. The undoubted advantages of the method are simplicity and clarity.

X-ray flaw detectors

The stationary X-ray complex "Rentgen-30-2" (MNPO "Spectrum") makes it possible to detect changes in marking associated with welding of a section of a panel with a new marking, replacing a part of a panel, superimposing a fragment of a panel with a new marking on the existing marking; it can be operated under stationary conditions or mounted on the chassis of vans, has a significant weight and overall dimensions.

Portable X-ray flaw detectors of the MIRA-2D type (or similar imported ones) allow solving similar problems, but have much smaller overall dimensions and weight.

To examine the panel with portable X-ray flaw detectors, the device is placed over the area under study (usually starting from the marking area), and an X-ray film is placed below, under the panel. After transmission, the film is processed in a standard way, and the resulting images are analyzed. The advantage of such devices is that in some cases with their help it is possible to identify the primary marking of the body (if it was not destroyed in the process of changing it). Devices of this group are used in forensic departments.

Magnetic thickness gauges

Magnetic thickness gauge MT-41NU designed by MNPO "Spectrum" is designed to measure the thickness of non-magnetic coatings (putty, tin, brass, etc.) applied to ferromagnetic bases; has overall dimensions of 127x200x280 mm and a weight of 3.5 kg.

Using this instrument, it is possible to detect changes in marking associated with the application of a layer of putty, tin, brass or other dia- and paramagnetic coatings (for example, epoxy resin) over the primary marking.

In this case, the determination of the fact of a change in the marking of the body is made by measuring the thickness of the non-magnetic coating applied to the steel panel at the location of the marking and at several points remote from it. The implementation of the proposed method is possible due to the fact that the thickness of the layer of the substance applied over the marking area, as a result of the manipulations performed, becomes much greater than its thickness in spaced apart places. The practice of researching vehicle marking data has developed in such a way that the objects of research are only marking areas, with designations applied to them, and name plates. Such an unreasonable narrowing of the range of research objects reduces the possibility of resolving the issue of falsification of marking data, obtaining orienting information for checking the vehicle for accounting, etc. It is necessary to approach the study of vehicle marking data more broadly. Only an integrated approach ensures the reliability and completeness of the research results.

Such an integrated approach presupposes a thorough analysis of a certain set of features that characterize a given vehicle.

As already noted, these are:
- research of registration documents;
- establishing the year of manufacture of the car, its model and, if possible, modifications, as well as the correspondence of body parts and main components and assemblies to the model of the car to the year of its manufacture;
- inspection and, if necessary, study of paintwork and traces of repainting or repair touch-up;
- determination of the location of the marking depending on the model and year of manufacture of the vehicle;
- investigation of connections of marked parts (panels) with adjacent ones, fastenings of name plates;
- research of additional and hidden markings;
- investigation of the integrity of the parts to be marked;
- study of the features of marking areas (shape), surface texture;
- research of the marking itself (content, method of application, configuration, interposition, etc.);
- identification of primary marking in the presence of signs of its change.

The result of the study should be a decision on the authenticity of the marking, the content of the primary marking and (if necessary) drawing up a request for checking the vehicle according to the records of stolen and stolen vehicles.

The main options for conclusions are as follows:
- the marking data is authentic (not changed);
- the marking data has been changed at the manufacturing plant, the primary marking is indicated;
- the marking data has not been changed at the manufacturing plant, the primary marking is indicated (in whole or in part);
- marking data has not been changed at the manufacturing plant, the primary marking has been destroyed (not identifiable), orienting information is being compiled.

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ORDER of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of 14-03-2008 AM-23-r ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE AND ... Actual in 2018

Appendix N 3. CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM OF ROAD VEHICLES

Automobile vehicles (ATS) are subdivided into passenger, freight and special vehicles.

Passenger transport includes cars and buses. For cargo - flatbed trucks, vans, dump trucks, tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, including specialized vehicles designed for the transportation of a specific type of special cargo. Special vehicles include rolling stock equipped and designed to perform special, mainly non-transport operations not related to the transportation of general cargo (including firefighters, utilities, workshops, cranes, refuelers, tow trucks, etc.).

Currently, a new international classification and designations have been introduced for road transport, adopted in international regulations developed by the Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles. UNECE Regulations, etc.).

UNECE Motor Vehicle Classification

ATC category	Type and general purpose of PBX	Maximum weight, t	Class and operational purpose of ATC
1	2	3	4
M 1	ATS used for the carriage of passengers and having no more than 8 seats (except for the driver's seat)	Not regulated	Passenger cars, including off-road vehicles
M 2		Up to 5.0	Buses: city (class I), intercity (class II), tourist (class III)
M 3	ATS used for the carriage of passengers and having more than 8 seats (except for the driver's seat)	Over 5.0	Buses: city buses, including articulated buses (class I), intercity buses (class II), tourist buses (class III)
M 2 and M 3	Separately, there are small ATSs designed for the carriage of passengers with a capacity of no more than 22 sitting or standing passengers (except for the driver's seat)	Not regulated	Small-seater buses, including off-road vehicles, for standing and seated passengers (class A) and for seated passengers (class B)
N 1		Up to 3.5	Trucks, specialized and special vehicles, including off-road vehicles
N 2	ATS designed for the carriage of goods	Over 3.5 to 12.0
N 3	ATS designed for the carriage of goods	Over 12.0	Trucks, towing vehicles, specialized and special vehicles, including off-road vehicles
About 1		Up to 0.75	Trailers
About 2	ATS towed for transportation	Over 0.75 to 3.5	Trailers and semi-trailers
About 3	ATS towed for transportation	Over 3.5 to 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers
About 4	ATS towed for transportation	Over 10.0	Trailers and semi-trailers

41 - large (over 3.5 liters);

51 - highest (working volume is not regulated).

For buses in overall length (in meters):

22 - extra small (length up to 5.5);

32 - small (6.0 - 7.5);

42 - medium (8.5 - 10.0);

52 - large (11.0 - 12.0); 62 - extra large; (articulated) (16.5 - 24.0).

For trucks by gross weight:

Gross weight, t.	The operational purpose of the car
Gross weight, t.	Onboard	Tractor units	Dump trucks	Tanks	Vans	Special
up to 1.2	13	14	15	16	17	19
1.2 to 2.0	23	24	25	26	27	29
2.0 to 8.0	33	34	35	36	37	39
8.0 to 14.0	43	44	45	46	47	49
14.0 to 20.0	53	54	55	56	57	59
20.0 to 40.0	63	64	65	66	67	69
over 40.0	73	74	75	76	77	79

4 - truck tractor;

5 - dump truck;

6 - tank;

7 - van;

8 - reserve digit;

9 - special vehicle.

The 3rd and 4th digits of the index indicate the serial number of the model.

5th digit - vehicle modification.

6th digit - type of execution:

1 - for cold climates;

6 - export version for a temperate climate;

7 - export version for tropical climates.

Some vehicles have the prefix 01, 02, 03, etc. in their designation - this indicates that the base model has modifications.

Appendix N 4

OST 37.001.269-96 Transport vehicles. Marking (as amended N 1, 2)

Transport vehicles. Marking

1 area of ​​use

2. Normative references

5. Vehicle identification number

6. Additional marking of the vehicle

7. Technical requirements for marking

Numbers and letters used in identification numbers as the year code of the product

VIN-code - what is it for?

Why do you need to know what a VIN code is?

Vehicle marking

Application of the main marking

Content and place of additional marking

Technical requirements for marking

The main marking is performed on the following products:

Content and location of the main marking

Vehicle marking

Marking of vehicle components

Content and place of additional marking

Technical requirements for marking

Examples of vehicle marking of domestic and foreign production

Engine marking structure and content

The structure and content of the identification number

Methods and signs of changing the marking data

Methods and signs of changing body markings

Methods and signs of changing the marking of engines

Labeling Research Tools

Eddy current flaw detectors

Magnetic particle flaw detectors

X-ray flaw detectors

Magnetic thickness gauges

Appendix N 3. CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM OF ROAD VEHICLES

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1 area of use