When attending driving lessons, you probably remember how much time was spent studying the structure of the car. Basic knowledge is certainly necessary, but in trying to fit a course into a tight time frame, instructors often forget about seemingly unimportant issues. Not everyone can understand the type, functionality and understand the design of such a component as a rocker in a gearbox, due to ignorance of its very existence. Let's try to understand this device in more detail.
What is a rocker in a gearbox?
To begin with, you need to understand what a rocker is, what its functional importance is and why a rocker is needed in a gearbox. In answer to the first question, it should be clarified that the exact technical name sounds like “gearbox control drive rod”. As many people mistakenly assume, it is often referred to as a gear shift lever. However, gearbox slide- This is a multi-component structure, functional purpose which is the connection of the switch lever with the rod leading to the gearbox.
From this statement it follows that the design of the spare part itself is a rather complex mechanism, and the rocker itself in the gearbox performs the connecting function of the lever with the gearbox. IN modern cars this part is placed under the bottom (close enough to cardan shaft), and in older cars it can be seen directly under the gearbox itself.
Like any other device, the linkage in a manual transmission tends to wear out. The safety margin of the entire mechanism is often determined by these very small parts, which means that a malfunction of at least one of the components leads to a loss of initial performance. Breakdowns are most often associated with a long service life, hits additional elements into the system (dust, moisture), or insufficient care for the gearbox itself.
A visual diagram of the components of the rocker mechanism: 1 – nut for fastening the support plate; 2 – gearbox control drive rod; 3 – hatch cover gasket; 4 – gear shift lever hatch cover; 5 – gear shift lever handle; 6 – gear shift lever; 7 – gear shift lever cover; 8 – sealing cover; 9 – screw for securing the hatch cover; 10 – rear support; 11 – gear shift lever housing; 12 – lower housing of the gear shift lever; 13 – nuts for fastening the rear support; 14 – rear support washer; 15 – nut; 16 – spacer ring; 17 – retaining ring; 18 – ball joint housing; 19 – gear shift lever spring; 20 – ball joint slider; 21 – nuts securing the ball joint housing; 22 – protective case; 23 – rod end; 24 – support plate; 25 – gearbox.
Mechanism design
With the passage of time automobile manufacturers radically change the features of the gearbox own cars. New types are constantly appearing robotic boxes gears, enjoy special activity. The progress of manual transmissions also does not stand still, and this desire for modernization often creates real problem for auto technicians and those who like to delve into their own cars.
Thanks to this wide choice available manual transmissions, the design of the rocker itself in the gearbox is characterized by constant modification. In order to simplify the task, we use a generalized approximate type of the device in question.
The main components that make up the gearbox backstage:
- Gear lever
- Gear traction
- Fork + fork pin
- Oil seal retainer
In addition, the backstage conventionally includes such components as: a cable, a spring and the body itself (or the base). The folded, configured operation of these parts allows you to switch speed modes in positions pre-designated at the gearbox.
Signs of malfunctions of the scenes
Despite the excellent reliability of this design, like any other part of a complex mechanism (the rocker is subject to constant physical impact during operation, both from the driver and from the car itself), it requires constant preventive maintenance and careful care. Otherwise, undesirable consequences may often occur, leading to breakdowns and problems. Let's look at the most likely ones:
- looseness of the gear shift knob (lever play has increased);
- difficulty changing gears (the lever is tight, “crunches” when changing position);
- inability to engage (for example, engage 6th gear);
- erroneous switching (instead of the 3rd, the 5th is switched on, etc.).
Unlike the last three, the first problem (backlash) does not affect the shift speed, and does not in any way affect the operation of the gearbox. However, what now only causes discomfort can “grow” into serious problems. Delaying repairs in such situations does not lead to anything good, and unexpected breakdown can happen at the most inopportune moment.
Self-adjustment of the scenes
A common mistake all novice car enthusiasts make is understanding their own problem. They associate the slightest malfunction of the gearbox with global problems and are preparing for a complete replacement of the system. However, it often happens that small interventions, namely the correct and professional adjustment of the rocker, are a necessary solution to eliminate the malfunction.
To begin with, you should start by adjusting (setting) the drive being used. It must be carried out after first making sure it works. At first speed we drive onto an overpass or similar type of elevation. If you experience problems with switching (described earlier), try necessary actions with the engine off.
While on handbrake, having previously inserted the recoil guards, we begin preliminary adjustment. With the engine turned off, but the gears not turned off, move the lever to the left to the maximum possible position. Tighten the clamp under the car. It often happens that only a few millimeters are enough in relation to the cardan shaft for the required displacement.
Another option for preventing and preventing problems is to remove foreign elements from the mechanism (moisture, dust, trapped dirt) and lubricate the parts. The linkage in the gearbox, like any other part, requires lubrication. But how to lubricate the backstage? There are no special preferences. A regular one will do. lubricant for car parts. The main thing is not to overdo it.
Sometimes a motorist is faced with the question of why the gear shift lever dangles, but before answering it, you should clearly understand what this gearbox element is, its structure and what functions it performs.
Gear shift knob, or what is the design of the system?
A feature of all manual gearboxes is the need to manually operate the lever. We can assume that this is exactly what he does the most important function in definition speed limit your movement. This means that without it, driving a vehicle becomes simply impossible. The principle of operation of the lever is quite simple: by tilting it in the longitudinal and transverse directions, you set it to a position that corresponds to a certain speed.
The gear shift lever handle is connected to the synchronizer via a fork, the position of which transmits information about the number of the selected speed. gearbox so that the generated engine power allows the car to move at a given speed. In the case where the lever position corresponds to neutral gear, it is held in place by springs. The gear shift pattern is often depicted on the head of the lever.
How can the gear shift lever be positioned?
The location of the gearbox levers can be either floor-mounted or steering column mounted. And despite the fact that the latter is considered more convenient to use, nevertheless, in most cases, car manufacturers prefer the first option. This is due to some disadvantages of the steering column arrangement, including: low speed and clarity, the likelihood of incomplete engagement of gears, rods wear out much faster, sometimes they may jam, as well as “knocking out” of the gear.
But in both cases, the design of the gear shift lever remains the same. The only differences can be in length, and if previously it could reach even 30 cm, today manufacturers strive to make it as small as possible, eliminating too much travel of the gear lever. Therefore, with a floor arrangement, nothing will change significantly in the design, but there will be noticeably fewer breakdowns.
Shift lever squeak and other problems
From all of the above, it is clear that this part is one of the most important in the entire system, and if it fails, then driving such a vehicle becomes life-threatening. The most common reasons why such an emergency can occur are either mechanical damage, or the consequences of incorrect operation. Here are a few breakdowns that you can easily detect on your own.
You should know that The gear shift knob should move freely without jamming. In the event that difficulties arise in performing of this action, most likely the spherical washer or ball joint has failed. They need to be replaced urgently. The creaking of the gear shift lever also indicates a malfunction. If it happens spontaneous shutdown, which means you should definitely check the spring; it is quite possible that it simply slipped off.
How to repair a gear shift lever?
In any case, no matter what happens, Gear shift lever repair involves replacing failed parts, and without completely removing it it will be impossible to do this. For this purpose, the plastic protective plate is dismantled and the hinge cage is released. Then you need to move it aside jet thrust and remove the entire lever. But in order to free up access to all the plastic bushings and axles, it is necessary to remove the cover for the gear shift lever.
Check how the axle moves. If it is loose, then you need to change all the bushings, and do not forget to lubricate the new spare parts with special lubricant before installing them.
To replace the spring, it must be pulled out, and for this you need to dismantle the retaining ring and the hinge with the lever. If you cannot do without replacing the ball joint, you should carefully push the spherical washer apart with your fingers and remove the worn part. At the same time, when installing a new one, lubricate it.
The thrusts change as follows. There is a clamp at the bottom of the car; you should loosen it. Next you need to disconnect it from the hinges and, by unscrewing the fastening nut, you can freely pull out the rod. Installation of the new one is carried out in the reverse order. Thus, having replaced all damaged elements with new ones, you can drive safely. At the same time, do not forget that periodically it is necessary to adjust the gear shift lever.
It is impossible to imagine a car without a gear shift lever (hereinafter referred to as the gear shift lever); this part is especially important for cars with manual transmission.
Gear shift lever device.
In general, we can say that it is the PP lever that is responsible for choosing a particular speed for the vehicle to move. This means that the car simply cannot drive without it.
The principle of operation of the PP lever is to tilt and move the handle in the transverse or longitudinal directions and thereby install it in a position corresponding to the required speed limit.
Gear shift drive Lada Priora.
- gear selector lever
- gear selector lever
- gearbox housing
- clutch housing
- gear selector rod
- stem bushing
- rod seal
- protective case
- hinge body
- hinge bushing
- hinge tip
- clamp
- traction protective cover
- transmission control drive rod
- gear shift lever
- ball joint race
- gear lever ball joint
- jet thrust
The working principle of the gear shift lever.
The lever handle is connected using a fork to the synchronizer. The position of this fork transmits latest information about the number set speed. The synchronizer, in turn, sets the gearbox gears in such a way that the motor produces the power necessary to move the car at a given speed.
Gear shift patterns vary among many car brands, which is why they are depicted on the lever handle.
Possible locations of the PP lever in the car.
The gear shift lever can be located on the floor of the car interior or under the steering wheel. The steering column location of the lever is considered more convenient for the driver, but manufacturers much more often use the floor-mounted version. This fact is explained by several shortcomings of the steering column arrangement of the PP lever:
- rods wear out much faster,
- gear shifting may jam or even knock out,
- there is always a high probability of transmission failure,
- low clarity and speed.
Therefore, the floor arrangement is considered more successful in terms of achieving the least damage.
Moreover, regardless of the location of the lever, its structure is always the same, the only difference is in size. For example, in previously produced cars, the height of the lever could reach thirty centimeters. Today, you will find such a value extremely rarely, because manufacturers are only reducing their leverage every year. And the logic here is simple: the smaller the lever, the shorter its stroke, which means the less likelihood of breakdowns and malfunctions.
Possible damage to the lever.
Since the lever is practically the main part in the gearbox - if it fails it is impossible to move the car, its serviceability should be monitored by timely repair and replacement necessary spare parts. After all, as you know, the main reasons for the failure of this element are its improper operation and simple mechanical damage.
By the way, there are several faults that you can easily notice yourself.
- If the lever handle only moves with more force than usual on the driver's side or with any binding, it may be time for a replacement. ball joint or a spherical washer. And you shouldn’t delay replacing this one; it’s better to do everything immediately. By the way, another “speaking” breakdown to them will be a creak that appears when switching the lever handle.
- In cases where the lever spontaneously bounces or turns off, you need to check the springs; it is quite possible that one of them has simply jumped off.
Features of repair of the PP lever and replacement of its parts.
If you notice any malfunctions when switching gears, you need to check and repair (replace) the corresponding parts of the PP lever. To do this, you must first completely remove the latter:
- remove the cover to have access to the plastic bushings of the lever,
- unscrew the plastic protective plate to release the hinge cage;
- move the reaction rod aside and eventually remove the entire gear shift lever.
First, you should check the movement of the axle; if it is too loose, you will have to replace all the bushings (before installing new bushings, they are first lubricated with a special lubricant).
If the spring fails, then first you will have to pull it out of the mechanism. To do this, the hinge with the lever and the locking ring are disassembled, the old ball washer is carefully removed (to remove it, spread the spherical washer with your fingers) and a new one is installed. Before doing this, it should be lubricated.
The gear shift rods change a little differently. We find a clamp at the bottom of the machine and loosen its tension. Then unscrew the nut securing the hinges and disconnect the clamp. After this, you can safely remove the rod and replace it with a new one. Now let's put everything back together in reverse order.
And don’t forget about the need to periodically adjust the lever!
Engines internal combustion, both gasoline and diesel, have a fairly narrow operating range. Mechanical box transmission is necessary to ensure optimal operation power unit.
Changing the gear ratio is done manually, usually by moving the lever from one position to another. To ensure switching, the power flow is broken using a mechanical clutch.
Excursion into history
The first cars did not have the usual gearbox with gears, the force was transmitted to the drive wheels by a belt. I used this device Karl Benz— to increase speed, the driver needed to transfer the ring from one pair of pulleys to another. Wilhelm Maybach was the first to use gears in transmissions; cars of his design had manual transmissions.
The transmission of torque from it to the drive wheels was carried out using a steel chain. At the beginning of the 20th century, the coaxial box appeared on cars by Louis Renault, who was also the inventor of the driveshaft.
At first, the automotive industry was dominated by a spaced arrangement of units, in which the gearbox was located separately from the power unit. Torque was transmitted through a special shaft, as was the case on the BMW 501 model.
The manual transmissions of the first releases were very complex; operating them required considerable effort and good skills. In 1928, American engineer Charles Kettering from General Motors suggested a device for synchronization. First lucky box, equipped with such a mechanism, was installed on the Corvette car. On the European continent, ZF has become a leader in the development of transmissions.
The firmly established name of manual transmission has the following abbreviation - mechanical gearbox. Previously, the first letter P in the name meant the word change, but over time it was replaced by a more suitable one in meaning. Abbreviated name for manual transmission technical descriptions often appears with a number indicating the number of steps.
A modern manual transmission has a fairly advanced device that, in addition to shifting gears while moving, performs a number of functions:
- ensuring the vehicle moves in reverse;
- separation of the transmission and the running engine of the car during short stops;
- Availability neutral position box allows you to start the engine.
Cars equipped with this type of transmission, all other things being equal more economical than cars with automatic transmission.
Operating principle of manual transmission
The car starts moving, driving slowly along bad road causes great resistance. A car with a manual transmission in this mode requires the highest possible torque.
In this case, the gearbox performs the functions of a reduction gear and even with high speed vehicle moves at a relatively low speed. After acceleration stops, the driver switches the mode, and the crankshaft speed returns to the optimal range.
Uniform movement along the plane requires less effort, which is ensured by higher gears.
The operating principle of a manual transmission is to create connections between the drive (input) shaft and the driven (output) shaft through combinations of gears with different numbers of teeth. This allows the transmission to be adjusted to changing vehicle driving conditions.
For dummies, as non-specialists are commonly called, the principle of operation of a manual gearbox can be explained in just a few words. The device ensures normal engine operation by changing the speed, increasing or decreasing the force on the drive wheels. This allows you to keep the most best mode operation of the power unit when starting, accelerating and decelerating.
This principle of manual transmission operation is preserved in all cars: with all-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, and front-wheel drive. The transmission design in each case has its own characteristics, but the main design elements and their purpose are preserved. Changing the gear ratio occurs due to the introduction of a certain combination of gears with different numbers of teeth.
These ratios for each engine are selected individually during design work and full-scale testing. In this case, many factors are taken into account and, first of all, engine parameters. The physical principle of operation of the manual transmission remains unchanged; the driver controls the mode change manually by moving the lever from one position to another.
Video - manual transmission, operating principle:
You can get a clear idea of the operating principle of a manual transmission after watching a video clip. The schematic animated image perfectly demonstrates the interaction of parts with each other. Such materials provide an understanding of the processes taking place, especially when switching operating modes.
Device
The design of the manual transmission has changed little since its main elements were made and patented. The manual gearbox consists of the following parts and assemblies:
- crankcase;
- input, output and intermediate shaft s;
- synchronizers;
- driving and driven gears;
- gear shift mechanism.
The parts assembled in a single housing interact with each other, ensuring the transmission of torque. The design of a manual transmission depends on the design features and the number of shafts - according to this characteristic they are divided into two- and three-shaft. The latter arrangement is called coaxial and in the technical literature it is usually called classical.
Shafts and gear blocks
In this design, the drive and driven shafts are placed in the box housing one after the other. In the shank input shaft a bearing is installed on which the end of the secondary rests. The absence of a rigid connection allows them to rotate independently of each other at different frequencies and in different directions. Below them there is an intermediate shaft; force is transmitted through gear blocks installed on the specified parts.
In order to reduce the noise of the gearbox, the gears in it are helical. In the manufacture of these parts, a strict tolerance system is used, and much attention is paid to the quality of processing of mating surfaces.
Several gears of different diameters and, accordingly, with different numbers of teeth are rigidly fixed on the drive shaft of a classic manual transmission. In some cases, the knot is made integral, which provides it with maximum strength.
Gears on the secondary shaft can be installed in two ways:
- movable on splines;
- fixed on the hubs.
The connection with the drive shaft in the first embodiment occurs due to the longitudinal movement of the driven gear along the splines until it engages in the drive gear. This scheme is simple and reliable and has become quite widespread.
In another design, longitudinal movement of parts is eliminated and the connection occurs using a sliding coupling.
Video - how torque is transmitted in a manual transmission:
The angular velocities of the drive shaft and driven shaft are equalized using special device, which is called a synchronizer. In gearboxes sports cars or cars special purpose Instead of these units, claw couplings can be used.
Control mechanisms
Over the entire history of the development of motor transport, many original designs have been developed. The most widespread arrangement is that used in modern units.
The manual transmission is controlled by a special design consisting of the following elements:
- lever;
- drives;
- sliders;
- forks;
- castle;
- gear shift clutches.
Changes in the operating modes of the unit are made by the driver by moving the lever from one position to another. The sliders are activated through the drives. Protection against simultaneous activation is a special blocking mechanism - a lock. In three-way boxes, it makes it impossible to move two sliders while moving the third.
This assembly operates the shift fork, which causes the clutch to move. This item is a thick-walled ring with splines on inner surface. They are in constant engagement with the ring gear of the driven shaft, along which the coupling moves along it. There are similar splines on the side surface of the driven gear.
When changing gears, the lever is first moved to neutral, from which a choice is made desired mode. During this time, the synchronizer equalizes the angular speeds, and the gear is blocked by the clutch. Torque from the primary shaft is transmitted to the secondary shaft and then through the main gearbox to the drive wheels.
The synchronizer ensures shockless switching, while its response time does not exceed a few hundredths of a second.
Video - clutch and manual transmission device, a visual story from Toyota:
The smooth operation of a manual transmission largely depends on general condition parts and, in particular, this unit.
The synchronizer is a bronze ring with a gear ring on inside. When the clutch moves, it first presses the part against the conical surface on the sidewall of the driven gear, and the resulting frictional force is sufficient to equalize the rotation speed of the shafts. After synchronization, blocking occurs gear wheel shift clutch.
How to change gears on a manual transmission
Operation and control of vehicles with manual transmission has whole line features that the driver needs to know. A natural question arises: how to use a manual transmission? Learning to do this begins in the beginning, from demonstration by an instructor to the development of automatic skill in shifting gears.
How to change gears on a manual transmission is usually indicated on a diagram printed on the outer surface of the lever handle. In general the process looks like this:
- the driver presses the clutch with his left foot;
- moves the lever from one position to another by hand;
- smoothly releases the clutch pedal and smoothly presses the accelerator.
Gear shifts for a manual transmission are carried out in accordance with the diagram indicated in technical documentation to the car. Experienced drivers It is recommended to adhere to the following rules, which will increase the resource of the unit:
- the use of direct transmission (usually fourth) will significantly reduce fuel consumption;
- gear shifting on a manual gearbox should be performed strictly in accordance with the instructions developed by the manufacturer;
- inclusion reverse gear carry out only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop;
- the clutch pedal is depressed quickly and all the way to the floor, but it should be released smoothly without a jerk;
- On icy or wet roads, coasting is not allowed;
- It is not recommended to change gears when cornering;
- effective on a free road is the technique of engine braking by sequentially lowering the gear to the minimum;
- periodic monitoring of the oil level in the box and timely replacement in progress Maintenance will ensure an increase in its resource.
Video - tips on how to change gears on a manual transmission:
Mastering the techniques of driving a car requires constant practice. The instructor’s actions are shown in great detail; observing them will allow the novice driver to form the correct muscle reactions.
Manual transmission oil
Maintenance of transmission units is carried out in accordance with the service book. In most manual transmission boxes, replacement operating fluid carried out every 50-60 thousand kilometers. During this period, wear products accumulate in it and its lubricating properties are lost.
When performing maintenance, you should pour the fluid for a manual transmission specified in the operating manual. This is especially true for foreign-made machines; the use of inappropriate oil can lead to wear and even breakdown of the unit.
To answer the question which oil is in the manual transmission, you should read the entries in service book, where a note is made about the brand of technical fluid.
A car's manual transmission is designed to change torque and transmit it from the engine to the wheels. It disconnects the engine from the drive wheels of the car. Let's explain what a manual gearbox consists of - how it works.
The mechanical “box” consists of:- crankcase;
- primary, secondary and intermediate shaft with gears;
- additional shaft and gear reverse;
- synchronizers;
- gear shift mechanism with locking and locking devices;
- shift lever.
Scheme of work: 1 - input shaft; 2 - shift lever; 3 - switching mechanism; 4 - output shaft; 5 - drain plug; 6 - intermediate shaft; 7 - crankcase.
The crankcase contains the main components of the transmission. It is attached to the clutch housing, which is mounted on the engine. Because During operation, the gears experience heavy loads; they must be well lubricated. Therefore, the crankcase is filled with half its volume with transmission oil.
The shafts rotate in bearings installed in the crankcase. They have sets of gears with different numbers of teeth.
Synchronizers are necessary for smooth, silent and shock-free gear shifting by equalizing the angular speeds of rotating gears.
Switching mechanism serves to change gears in the box and is controlled by the driver using a lever from inside the car. Wherein locking device does not allow two gears to be switched on at the same time, and a locking device prevents them from switching off spontaneously.
Gearbox Requirements
- Ensuring the best traction and fuel-economic properties
- high efficiency
- ease of control
- shock-free switching and quiet operation
- inability to engage two gears or reverse at the same time when moving forward
- reliable retention of gears in the engaged position
- simplicity of design and low cost, small size and weight
- ease of maintenance and repair
Ease of control depends on the gear shift method and the type of drive. Gears are switched using movable gears, gear couplings, synchronizers, friction or electromagnetic devices. For shockless shifting, synchronizers are installed, which complicate the design and also increase the size and weight of the transmission. That's why greatest distribution received those in which high gears switched by synchronizers, and lower ones by gear couplings.
How do gears work?
Let's look at an example of how the torque (rpm) changes in different gears.
a) Gear ratio of one pair of gears
Let's take two gears and count the number of teeth. The first gear has 20 teeth, and the second 40. This means that with two revolutions of the first gear, the second will make only one revolution ( gear ratio equals 2).
b) Gear ratio of two gears
On the image b) The first gear (“A”) has 20 teeth, the second (“B”) has 40, the third (“C”) has 20, and the fourth (“D”) has 40. The rest is simple arithmetic. The input shaft and gear "A" rotate at 2000 rpm. Gear “B” rotates 2 times slower, i.e. it has 1000 rpm, and because gears “B” and “C” are fixed on the same shaft, then the third gear makes 1000 rpm. Then gear “G” will rotate 2 times slower - 500 rpm. From the engine, 2000 rpm comes to the input shaft, and 500 rpm comes out. On the intermediate shaft at this time - 1000 rpm.
In this example, the gear ratio of the first pair of gears is two, and the second pair of gears is also two. The total gear ratio of this scheme is 2x2=4. That is, the number of revolutions on the secondary shaft decreases 4 times compared to the primary one. Please note that if we disengage gears “B” and “D”, the secondary shaft will not rotate. At the same time, the transmission of torque to the drive wheels of the car stops, which corresponds to neutral gear.
Reverse gear, i.e. rotation of the secondary shaft in the other direction, is provided by an additional fourth shaft with a reverse gear. An additional shaft is needed to get an odd number of pairs of gears, then the torque changes direction: 
Torque transmission diagram when reverse gear is engaged: 1 - input shaft; 2 - input shaft gear; 3 - intermediate shaft; 4 - gear and reverse gear shaft; 5 - secondary shaft.
Gear ratios
Since the “box” has a large set of gears, by engaging different pairs, we have the opportunity to change the overall gear ratio. Let's look at the gear ratios:| Transfers | VAZ 2105 | VAZ 2109 |
| I | 3,67 | 3,636 |
| II | 2,10 | 1,95 |
| III | 1,36 | 1,357 |
| IV | 1,00 | 0,941 |
| V | 0,82 | 0,784 |
| R(Reverse) | 3,53 | 3,53 |
Such numbers are obtained by dividing the number of teeth of one gear by the divisible number of teeth of the second and further along the chain. If the gear ratio is equal to one (1.00), then this means that the secondary shaft rotates with the same angular velocity, as primary. The gear in which the speed of rotation of the shafts is equal is usually called - straight. As a rule, this is the fourth. The fifth (or highest) gear ratio is less than one. It is needed for driving on the highway with minimal engine speed.
First and reverse gears are the “strongest”. It is not difficult for the engine to turn the wheels, but in this case the car moves slowly. And when driving uphill in the “nimble” fifth and fourth gears, the engine does not have enough strength. Therefore, you have to switch to lower, but “strong” gears.
First gear is required to start moving so that the engine can move a heavy machine. Next, having increased the speed and made some reserve of inertia, you can switch to second gear, weaker but faster, then to third and so on. The usual driving mode is fourth (in the city) or fifth (on the highway) - they are the fastest and most economical.
What types of malfunctions occur?
They usually appear as a result of rough handling of the shift lever. If the driver constantly “pulls” the lever, i.e. moves it from one gear to another quickly, sudden movement- this will lead to repairs. If you handle the lever this way, the switching mechanism or synchronizers will definitely fail.The shift lever is moved with a calm, smooth movement, with micro-pauses in the neutral position so that the synchronizers are activated, protecting the gears from damage. If you handle it correctly and periodically change the oil in the “box,” it will not break until the end of its service life.
Operating noise, which depends mainly on the type of gears installed, is significantly reduced when straight-cut gears are replaced with helical ones. Proper work also depends on service on time.
