With the onset of the winter period, two-wheeled vehicles are losing their relevance. Using a car to overcome short distances with high snow cover is not particularly practical, and in most cases is impossible. The snowmobile copes with this task much better.

A winter motor vehicle is in most cases equipped with a rear-wheel drive track and front steering skis. High cross-country ability, versatility and ease of use make the snowmobile by far the most popular means of transportation in the winter season.

Features of homemade snowmobiles

Nowadays, you can buy a snowmobile in any motorcycle dealership, both in a large metropolis and in a small city, but the prices of this equipment force many winter driving enthusiasts to make a homemade snowmobile on tracks with their own hands.

There are four important advantages of a self-made vehicle over a factory one:

1. Price is the most important factor for most. The cost of some units of the leading manufacturers of motor vehicles can exceed the cost of those assembled from scrap materials by 5-10 times.
2. Parameters - the ability to assemble a vehicle of the desired configuration. This applies to both the appearance and the power reserve, the type of chassis, etc.
3. Reliability is the point that even well-known manufacturers do not always boast of. When self-manufacturing, a person uses the highest quality materials and pays special attention to the most important parts of the mechanism.
4. Benefit - the ability to use materials, parts and accessories from other devices lying around in garages and backrooms.

At the same time, homemade snowmobiles are used both on the streets of settlements and on roadless areas of suburban expanses and ski resorts.

Homemade snowmobile on tracks with your own hands: where to start?

1 - taillight, 2 - hitch, 3 - body (plywood, s16), 4 - side reflectors, 5 - rear shock absorber (from motorcycle -171, Dnepr-187, 2 pcs.), 6 - gas tank (from tractor launcher T-150), 7 - seat, 8 - main frame, 9 - switch (from motorcycle -171, Voskhod-187,), 10 - ignition coil (from motorcycle -171, Voskhod-187,), 11 - power plant ( from a motorized carriage, 14 HP), 12 - a muffler (from a motorized carriage), 13 - a steering column, 14 - a steering joint in a leather case filled with grease (a joint from -171, UAZ-187,), 15 - a limiter for vertical movement steering ski (chain), 16 - steering ski turn limiter, 17 - steering ski, 18 - side ski (2 pcs.), 19 - generator, 20 - clutch lever (from the sidecar), 21 - drive chain guard, 22 - footboard , 23 - drive shaft drive chain, 24 - track drive shaft, 25 - lower track chain guide (polyethylene, s10, 2 pcs.), 26 - track chain (from the forage harvester header, 2 pcs.), 27, 31 - upper front and back to the right chains (polyethylene s10, 2 pcs.), 28 - shock absorber of the propeller hinged frame (shortened rear shock absorbers of a motorcycle -171, Dnepr-187, 2 sets), 29 - support ski, 30 - rear spacer frame, 32 - rear axle ...

A drawing of a homemade snowmobile is an essential step in the preparatory stage of manufacturing. Here to help engineering skills come in handy... and in the absence of such, superficial sketches are made, creating a general image of the future mechanism.

Before creating a drawing, it is necessary to determine the list of required components. The basis of the standard configuration of the snowmobile is:

1. Frame - depending on the complexity of the design, it can be borrowed from an ATV, motor scooter, scooter, motorcycle, etc. In their absence, the part is usually cooked from thin-walled metal pipes with a diameter of about 40 mm.
2. Seat - given the difficult operating conditions of the equipment, the material of this element must have a high moisture-repellent ability.
3. Engine - is selected with the calculation of the required speed and the total weight of the vehicle. The most commonly used motors are motoblocks, scooters, motorcycles, etc.
4. Tank - 10-15 liter metal / plastic container will fully provide carefree trips over relatively long distances and will not take up much space on the unit.
5. Skis - in the absence of ready-made options, it is recommended to use nine / ten-layer plywood sheets with a thickness of about 3 mm for self-production.
6. Steering wheel - chosen with the calculation of convenience and practicality. Similar to the frame, engine and seat, it is removed from the specified two-wheeled units.
7. Drive - a part that transfers rotary motion from the engine to the track. It performs this function well.
8. The caterpillar is the most complex and important element. Their types and methods of self-production will be discussed further.

How to make homemade caterpillars?

One of the most common materials for the manufacture of a propulsion unit is car tire... A homemade track made from a car tire has one important advantage over other options - it is made in the form of a closed loop, which significantly reduces the likelihood of rupture.

The beads are separated from the tire using a boot knife, leaving a flexible treadmill. The lugs are attached to the driving blade - plastic pipes sawn along with a diameter of about 40 mm and a thickness of about 5 mm. Cut to fit the width of the tire, half-pipes are attached to the canvas with bolts (M6, etc.) at intervals of 5-7 cm.

Homemade caterpillars are made in the same way. from conveyor belt... Their main advantage is the ability to choose the length of the propeller. After cutting to the required length, special attention should be paid to the hitch. The ends of the tape overlap each other by 3-5 cm, and are fixed across the entire width with the same bolts as the lugs.

Handmade tracks are often made with materials at hand, such as V-belts. Fastened in width by means of lugs, they make up a full-fledged caterpillar track with hollows for the gear already existing on the inside.

Note that the wider the track, the better the snowmobile's flotation, but the poorer handling. Factory options have three patterns in widths of canvas in inches: 15 - standard, 20 - wide, 24 - extra wide.

Let's go to practice

A frame made of pipes or corners is primarily equipped with a steering gear. Having chosen the height and angle of inclination, weld the element with spot welding. Install and secure the motor according to the drawing, taking care not to tilt too much. The snowmobile should not have a long fuel line, so try to position the tank closer to the carburetor.

The next step is to install the track. Attach the driven axle with the belt fitted to the rear of the frame (on a fork, suspension, shock absorber, etc., depending on the type of construction), the leading axle in the middle of the snowmobile (most often under the driver's seat), in the shortest possible hitch with the engine. The gears of both axles are pre-engaged.

Homemade snowmobile from a walk-behind tractor

This transformation is especially popular today. The walk-behind tractor can be used, either partially or completely. In the first case, a supporting frame with a rear axle is added to the unit (engine with steering fork and wheels). The most difficult stage in this case is the transformation of the working shaft of the walk-behind tractor into a drive gear.

A homemade snowmobile from a walk-behind tractor with partial use of parts is more versatile. In this case, only the engine and the steering fork are removed from the "donor", to the bottom of which the skis are attached. The motor itself can be located at the rear of the structure.

It should be noted that the engines of the main part of the motoblocks are designed for the weight and pressure of the wheels, which is several times less than the tracked one. Therefore, in order to avoid increased wear of parts and fuel consumption, it is better to equip such a snowmobile with low pressure wheels.

AMAZING AND UNUSUAL DIY DIY 1 ***

Description:
A selection of the coolest and most unusual homemade products made!
All episodes of "DIY homemade" see the playlist https: //www.youtube.com/playlist? List ...
homemade all-terrain vehicles
homemade cars
snowmobiles homemade
homemade tracks
auto homemade
homemade tractor
homemade all-terrain vehicle

"Buran-2"

Aleksey Sotnikov, 18, a graduate of a technical lyceum from the village of Nizhny Mamon, presented his version of the Buran snowmobile. It took him half a motorcycle, some motor scooter, some spare parts for agricultural machinery and two years of research. This is the third model of Alexei: initially he built an ATV, then decided that skis were more reliable in winter, after which he had to build a new frame (the first could not withstand the load and broke. forces, transmission from a scooter with a reverse gear, a headlight from a tractor, a home-made gas tank and a frame welded from a metal profile.At the rear, the snowmobile is driven by a caterpillar from a conveyor belt with tracks of its own manufacture, in front there are two shock-absorbed aluminum skis. , and the power reserve is even enough for drifting.

"Zimogor"

Two homemade snowmobiles "Zimogor", equipped with 4-stroke Briggs & Stratton engines (22 and 18 horsepower) and tracks from the long "Buran" in 2009 took part in a large expedition: four thousand kilometers from Rybinsk to Salekhard. Of the two snowmobiles participating in the run, one had already covered about 4000 km at the start - it was a test model on which various design options were tried (chassis, shock absorbers, springs, etc.). The journey began on March 14 and ended on April 20: the snowmobiles covered the distance of 4,000 km in 37 days. The snowmobiles did not have a low gear and reverse gear, but the cars weighed 200 kilograms each, and the tanks with a capacity of 50 liters allowed a significant reserve of autonomous work. In some places, "Zimogors" managed to reach speeds of up to 70 kilometers per hour.

Ski "Minsk"

The basic machine of the next home-made snowmobile is the Minsk motorcycle with a 125 cc engine. The rear axle with differential and semi-axles is borrowed from the UAZ-469 car. The suspension is homemade with additional shock absorbers from the Izh motorcycle. Tubes with a diameter of 1050 × 420 mm, "shod" in tires with cut tread and sidewalls. Both those and others - from the tractor cart. The maximum speed of the wheeled ski "Minsk" is 45 kilometers per hour. The same designer became the author of the tracked-ski modification of the "Minsk", having installed the drive shaft with 17-tooth sprockets from the "Buran" snowmobile. The tracked "Minsk" is capable of accelerating up to 50 kilometers per hour.

Pneumatic drive

A snowmobile on low-pressure tires is versatile in that in the summer it easily turns into a regular all-terrain vehicle. Our next copy was built by a certain Vladimir from Solikamsk. The pneumatic drive is built on the basis of the SZD motorized carriage using a power unit from the Izh Planeta-4 motorcycle with a capacity of about 20 horsepower. Cameras of huge wheels once belonged to the heavy-duty KrAZ. The author put up his invention for sale. Such a snowmobile costs only 55 thousand rubles.

Many people dream of having a car on their farm that could get anywhere, off-road, and even in winter. You can and buy an all-terrain vehicle (snowmobile)- but not everyone can afford it. The proposed construction of a homemade all-terrain vehicle also knows how to swim - an amphibian. The design is designed from the outset to maximize the use of standard, readily available assemblies, while minimizing the cost of purchased parts. Homemade all-terrain vehicle passed all tests and is successfully operated.
The basis of the all-terrain vehicle is an open rectangular body. Self-made vertical sides made of plywood 7-10 mm thick. On the upper edge of the sides, peculiar wings are attached, forming a single plane, a small bevel is made in front. The suspension is three-axle. In plan, the body is rectangular with a slightly narrowed front part.

The body is divided by vertical transverse partitions; in front of the trunk, further in the expanding part of the cab with the driver's seat and steering wheel, behind it on the sides are two boxes adapted for the seats for passengers and at the same time - an additional trunk.

Below are the drawings and description of the triaxial homemade snowmobile, all-terrain vehicle, amphibians on low-pressure pneumatics designed by G. Vidyakin

Side view

Frontal view

Description of positions: 1 - front axle support, 2 - bumper, 3 - steering device, 4 - rear wheel balancer, 5 - chain drive to the rear wheel, 6 - fuel tank, 7 - footboard, 8 - wheel disc. 9 - wheel hub, 10 - front axle, 11 - chamber, 12 - valve, 13 - detachable rim, 14 - rear axle wheel shaft.

The next compartment is the transmission compartment. By the way, the transmission is covered with a horizontal cover that is flush with the passenger seats.

All-terrain vehicle body

Description of positions: 1 - trunk, 2 - windshield, 3 - driver's seat, 4 - box, 5 - space for passengers and luggage, 6 - window covered with rubberized fabric, 7 - engine cover, 8 - mud flaps, 9 - side , 10 - side members of the power frame of the engine and transmission, 11 - rear wheel balancers niche, 12 - front axle niche.

And the last compartment homemade snowmobile- power, closed with a horizontal cover, slightly raised above the seats, in which the engine is mounted. On the cover there is an additional box-type casing for the engine. Hinged covers for boxes, transmission and engine hood provide easy access to the units.

Frame for engine and transmission

Description of positions: 1 - middle spars (corner 40 x 40 mm), 2 - cross members (square tube 40 x 40 mm), 3 - side spars (corner 40 x 40 mm), 4 - cross member (corner 30 x 30 mm), 5 - a support bracket for the balance beam (angle 40 x 40 mm).

Wings, partitions, covers - plywood, connected to the body with duralumin corners, the floor - made of duralumin sheet, duralumin corners are riveted from below for rigidity. In the front part of the body, under the trunk partition, a small transverse niche is made for the front axle. In the rear part of the body under the seat boxes and further to the engine compartment, on both sides, there are longitudinal niches for the rear wheel balancers. By the way, the rear wheels are as close as possible to each other, the front wheels are somewhat forward - the turning radius of the all-terrain vehicle depends on this distance.

Above the fenders at the front of the body homemade all-terrain vehicle obliquely installed windshield and two side windows. Under the fenders, between the rear wheels, gas tanks are mounted on both sides, the cross-section of which has the shape of a trapezoid tapering downward. Above all the wheels in the horizontal parts of the wings, rectangular cutouts are made, covered with a rubberized fabric: when hitting an obstacle, this allows the wheels to rise above the level of the wings and not brake against them.

Engine and transmission units homemade all-terrain vehicle mounted on a frame that is integral with the body. It consists of four side members made of 40X40 mm steel angles and cross members made of square steel tubes. Outside, along the sides, there are small brackets from a 40 x 40 mm corner for attaching the rear wheel balancers. Wherever possible, the longitudinal member flanges have been trimmed to reduce weight and drilled into them.

Location of engine and transmission

Description of positions: 1 - elastic coupling, 2 - middle spar, 3 - cross member, 4 - side spar, 5 - bulkhead, 6 - differential lock thrust, 7 - reverse gear engaging thrust, 8 - reverse gear, 9 - angular gear , 10 - partition, 11 - intermediate shaft, 12 - cross member for fastening the support of the intermediate shaft sprocket, 13 - Gear selector rod, 14 - air filter, 15 - tailgate, 16 - generator, 17 - engine, 18 - left side, 19 - muffler, 20 - starter, 21 - battery, 22 - chain drive to the rear wheels, 23 - rear wheel balancer support, 24 - rear wheel balancer trunnions, 25 - brake drum, 26 - chain drive, 27 - differential lock unit.

The engine from the SZD motorized carriage is mounted in the rear part of the body on intermediate supports, which, in turn, are fixed to the side members through four damping rubber pads from the Moskvich engine. A cross member with an intermediate sprocket is also installed on the intermediate supports, connected by a vertical chain drive to the output sprocket of the engine. The shaft of the intermediate sprocket is connected to an angular bevel gear mounted on a cross member through an intermediate roller with elastic couplings (the elastic element is a disc made of a flat drive belt 10 mm thick). An asterisk is installed on the output shaft of the gearbox, connected by a chain drive to the input shaft of the main gear (from the motorized carriage), fixed on two crossbars.

The kinematic diagram of the all-terrain vehicle.

Latin letters indicate: z is the number of teeth of the sprockets, t is the pitch of the roller-sleeve chains, b is the width of the roller-sleeve chains.

The output shafts of the main drive through elastic couplings (from the same drive belt) are connected to intermediate shafts with sprockets, transmitting rotation to the wheels through a chain drive. The output shafts of the main drive, intermediate shafts and balancer trunnions are located coaxially, as shown in Figure 3. It also shows that the trunnions are fixed in bearings on bearings, while the intermediate shaft bearings are pressed into the trunks. The inner trunnion is hollow; an intermediate shaft passes through it. At the inner ends of the intermediate shafts, brake drums from the wheels of the Tulitsa scooter are mounted, on which toothed rims are installed; through chain drives, they are connected to the rollers of the differential lock. The latter is a sliding splined sleeve connecting the rollers.
The axles of all transmission mechanisms are located practically in the same plane. Tensioning of chain drives: transmissions - by means of spacers, gears to wheels - by pressure screws.

All bearing assemblies are protected from dirt by seals from the Volga car or have protective washers.

Front axle all-terrain vehicle- from a steel pipe 0 60X3 mm, reinforced in the middle with a welded pad from the same pipe. Along the axis of symmetry of the bridge, a horizontal axis is welded in perpendicular to it, the ends of which are fixed in bearing supports installed in the niche of the front part of the body. Stands with pivots and pivots from the Volga car are welded to the flattened ends of the pipes. Rubber bumpers installed along the edges of the niche limit axle swinging in the vertical plane.

Front axle of all-terrain vehicle

Steering, as required by the rules of the traffic police, factory-made, from a motorized carriage. The crankcase with a rack is installed under the floor of the body on a bracket, the steering wheel shaft is connected to the pinion shaft through a cardan joint, the second (upper) steering shaft support is a ball bearing fixed to the bracket. Since the steering wheel is located in the plane of symmetry of the body, the steering rod joints on the rack are displaced to one side and the rods differ significantly in length, this leads to the fact that the swing of the cross member is accompanied by a noticeable leash of the near wheel.

Steering device and support of the front axle of a homemade all-terrain vehicle

Description of positions: 1 - front axle support, 2 - steering rod hinge, 3 - rack and pinion steering, 4 - body floor. 5 - hinge, 6 - steering column, 7 - steering rod.

Rear wheel balancers homemade all-terrain vehicle-snowmobile are symmetrical frames welded from two rectangular pipes 40X20 mm, connected by cross members from the same pipes. The central support of the balancer pivots in trunnions - bushings welded to the plates fixed to the frame. The wheel shaft supports at the ends of the balancers are of a similar design. The balancer frame is slightly curved, the balancer trunnions are located on top, and the wheel shaft supports are below, so the wheel axles are 180 mm below the balancer joints. The rigidity of the balancers is low, under load they are somewhat deformed, just like the engine and transmission frame, however, the presence of elastic couplings and the possibility of skewing the chain drives compensate for this disadvantage.

Transmission device

Description of positions: 1 - chain drive, 2 - balancer frame, 3 - trunnion, 4 - balancer support, 5 - bracket, 6 - side, 7 - final drive, 8 - elastic coupling, 9 - brake drum, 10 - chain ring gear differential lock transmission, 11 - brake lever, 12 - intermediate shaft, 13 - wheel shaft.

Wheels homemade all-terrain vehicle made of a wide-profile tire tube 1120 x 450 x380. Tubular rims, central disc and cradles for supporting the caster are made of aluminum alloy. The lodges are connected to the rims by welding, to the disc - by means of riveted corners. The lodges are split, so that the outer rim is detachable; it is bolted to the disc. The disc in the central part is reinforced with a riveted pad, bolted to the hub. The valves have been moved to the side surface, which allows the chambers to rotate on the rims. Drive and steer wheels are interchangeable.
In the design of the all-terrain vehicle, several nodes are used, which can be attributed to those that have turned up under the arm. One of them is a bevel gearbox. It can be dispensed with by placing the motor in the longitudinal direction. When assembling the transmission and installing the engine, all fasteners were fabricated and fitted in place. At the same time, all possible measures were taken to reduce the size and weight of standard units; for example, the protrusions of the main gear mounting, motorized carriages were cut, a small-sized muffler for the engine was made.

Control systems.
Control a do-it-yourself all-terrain vehicle, and the alarm system is completely copy the car. Control drives: throttle - cable, clutch and brakes - hydraulic, gear shifting, reverse gear - by rods and handles located on board the all-terrain vehicle to the right of the driver; there is also mounted the differential lock control handle (through the rods). All hydraulic cylinders are from the front wheel brakes of the motorcycle.

The power supply system is somewhat different from that adopted on a motorized carriage: along the axis of the crankshaft and the engine fan, an automobile alternator is installed on four legs, connected to the crankshaft by an elastic coupling.

To heat the windshield, warm air is supplied from the engine cylinder through the air intake and corrugated sleeve by two automobile fans - at the inlet and outlet.

You can modify some of the nodes to fit your existing ones, adhering to the main scheme and everything will work out for you. Good luck.

Karakats are very common among the population of our country, and contrary to the opinion that three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles are in every sense inferior to four-wheeled ones, they are actively being built by self-made people due to the simplicity of the design. Although in fairness it should be noted that the design of the three-wheeled karakat has its own peculiarities and subtleties.

Karakats- This is perhaps one of the few correct vehicles for traveling in tundra conditions. Why one of the few? Because there are also tracked all-terrain vehicles, but they are much more expensive and are not suitable for our portal on the subject - we will not talk about them.

Here, for example, is one of the representatives of home-made tricycles, with a non-standard engine arrangement from the SZD motorized carriage. The engine is located not as in most cases (on the frame under the gas tank), but in the rear of the karakat, under the driver's seat.

Of the innovations in this karakata, nothing else was noticed. The bridge was used from some old, forgotten Moskvich. Wheel chambers are borrowed from a tractor trailer. The frame, not to say that it is straight from Minsk, but the front part is taken exactly from it. The rest was welded from what was at hand - unclaimed pipes, corners, etc. The fork is also welded from pipes.

Although it is trite, yes, this karakat, like its other low-pressure cousins, floats well on the water, which means it can swim, albeit not fast. With its speed of 70 km / h on the packed snow, on the water it gives out, at best, no more than 5 km / h. The photo shows that it is immersed in water no further than the middle of the wheel. And the water doesn't even reach the middle.

As you can see from the photographs, a motorcycle wheel was used as a donor for the front disc.

In the background you can see one of the designers of this karakat. Collected by father and son.

One of the authors himself.