Single-bucket part-turn universal excavator EO-2621 mounted on a chassis wheeled tractor.
Rotating part and working equipment controlled using. The following is used as working equipment:
- straight or backhoe
- grab and forks.
Straight shovel:
- develop soil in small faces
- clean the bottom and walls of the pit
- Load bulk and lump materials.
Backhoe:
- digging trenches for laying cables and storing root crops
- digging small pits.
- loading piece materials
- lay pipelines
- uprooting small stumps
- they put up pillars
- medium sized trees are planted
- perform installation work when repairing cars.
The bucket is used to load low-density materials, while the forks are used to load garbage, steel shavings and other loads weighing up to 400 kg.
Attached to the tractor strapping frame And frame bulldozer equipment . A rotating column is installed on the frame, to which the boom is attached.
The boom is raised and lowered using a hydraulic cylinder. The handle with the bucket is rotated using hydraulic cylinders. The bucket rotates relative to the lower hinge of the hydraulic cylinder handle.
Rotation of the working equipment is possible by 160°.
The excavator is equipped with a blade, which also serves as a counterweight.
To increase stability while digging, the excavator is equipped with outriggers with hydraulic drive. The excavator is controlled from the cabin using hydraulic valves.
To install a backhoe, the bucket is installed with its teeth outward and with the help of additional rods secured to the lower fork of the handle. The hydraulic cylinder rods are attached to the lower arm bracket. The bottom of the bucket is pivotally connected to its body and can be opened for unloading using a hydraulic cylinder.
The body of the rotary column with working equipment is turned using a chain, enveloping the star. The ends of the chain are connected to the rods of two single-acting hydraulic cylinders.
When one of them is turned on, the rod turns the steering column body through a chain in the corresponding direction.
1 - bulldozer blade; 2 - hydraulic cylinder of the bulldozer blade; 3 - bulldozer frame; 4 - fuel tank; 5 - tractor; 6 - hydraulic system tank; 7 - pumping group; 8 - cabin; 9 - frame; 10 - seat; 11 - distributors; 12 - rotation mechanism; 13 - hydraulic cylinder of the handle; 14 - handle; 15 - bucket hydraulic cylinder; 16 - ladle; 17 - boom hydraulic cylinder; 18 - arrow. 19 - connecting pipelines; 20 - rotary column; 21 - hydraulic cylinders; 22 - outrigger.
Hydraulics
The EO-2621A excavator uses two independent hydraulic systems with a common tank for working fluid.
The first drives the working equipment from three gear pumps type NSh32-3, liquid is supplied through:
- distributor for bucket hydraulic cylinders
- handles and arrows.
Second system from the pump through the distributor delivers liquid:
- into the boom hydraulic cylinder
- into the hydraulic cylinders of the rotary mechanism
- through the tractor distributor - into the hydraulic cylinders of the outriggers and the hydraulic cylinder of the bulldozer.
All pumps are driven by crankshaft diesel tractor through gearboxes.
To limit the pressure in the locked piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder when digging, a relief valve is installed, which bypasses liquid into the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, and excess liquid into the tank.
Fluid losses in the rod cavities of hydraulic cylinders are compensated through check valve . At neutral position spool valves working fluid from the pumps passes through a filter installed in the tank.
All pipelines have safety valves, preventing overload excavator mechanisms. The bypass valve, located between the pipelines through which liquid enters the hydraulic cylinders, serves for smooth braking turning mechanism in the middle of the stroke.
Smooth braking at the end of a turn is achieved by using damper devices mounted in the hydraulic cylinder covers.
Controlled check valves provide free feed liquids into the piston cavities of hydraulic cylinders of outriggers and lock the drain liquids, when external loads are transferred from the supports to the rods, which also ensures stability of the excavator during operation.
When lifting the supports, liquid is supplied to the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinders. At the same time, the valve needles open free drain fluids from the piston cavities.
a - kinematic; b - hydraulic; 1, 20 and 22 - pumps; 2 and 21 - gearboxes; 3 - tank; 4 - unloading valve; 5, 6 and 8 - distributors; 7 - bypass valve; 9 - controlled check valves; 10 - needles; 11 - bulldozer hydraulic cylinder; 12 and 13 -
outrigger hydraulic cylinders; 14 and 16 - hydraulic cylinders of the turning mechanism; 15 - check valve; 17 - bucket hydraulic cylinder; 18 - hydraulic cylinders of the handle; 19 - boom hydraulic cylinder.
Main technical characteristics
Chassis based on the YuMZ-6L tractor
| Bucket capacity, m*: | |
| backhoe | 0,25 |
| straight shovel | 0,25 |
| Backhoe digging depth | 3m |
| Maximum unloading height of the backhoe | 3.3m |
| Diesel | D-50P |
| Diesel power, kW | 40 |
| Movement speed | 1.9 – 17.3 km/h |
| Maximum reverse performance shovel | 60 m3/h |
| Working weight | 5.7 t |
Video of excavator working
The need for high traction force became the main reason for the emergence of such a mechanism as a tractor. Its features - low speed and high traction power. Powerful tractor, is suitable not only for all types of loading and earthworks, it is also a mobile base for various types of mechanisms and devices. Therefore, to ensure versatility, the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic system.
Diesel, big wheels, hydraulics
The method of movement plays a big role in the purpose of the tractor. If tracked base is responsible for cross-country ability and high traction power, then wheelbase provides maneuverability and efficient movement, as well as the ability to move on asphalt surfaces. The wheeled excavator bulldozer EO 2621 has the most convenient ratio of the diameter and width of the rear and front wheels, which allows for increased off-road capability;- On construction sites;
- When developing quarries;
- When driving over rough terrain.
Combinations for full loading
Jackhammers, grabs, excavators, bulldozers - all these types hydraulic devices indispensable in construction, mining, mining and heavy industry, and infrastructure. And they all have a device for installation on the tractor support. Successfully modified model - wheeled excavator EO 2621 is optionally equipped with many quick-release equipment:- Backhoe - digs trenches, small holes and ditches;
- Straight shovel - for loading operations, raking material (garbage, slag, sand, etc.) into one place;
- Crane suspension - perform loading and unloading operations, install on optional equipment hydraulic hammer;
- With a loading bucket of normal or increased capacity - cleaning work and loading of bulk materials are carried out;
- Forks - intended mainly for agricultural work (harvesting hay, silage, etc.);
- Grab - a device for moving bulk materials of different fractions;
- Ripper tooth - when digging frozen soil, a tooth is used for preliminary loosening. The use of a hydraulic hammer for such work is prohibited;
- Hydraulic hammer - for crushing large stones in quarries, road surface etc.
Modifications with various attachments
The wheeled excavator EO 2621 based on YuMZ has several modifications, which are determined by the configuration of the above hydraulic mechanisms when factory assembled. With selective configuration, the cost of an excavator can vary widely. Unused functions are not only wasted investments, but also take away potential and cause inconvenience during work. Incomplete model range:- EO 2621-10 - presence of a bulldozer blade;
- EO 2621-12 - equipped with a hydraulic rotating bulldozer blade;
- EO 2621-30 - bulldozer blade and digging axis of offset structure;
- EO 2621-31 - with a shifting digging axis and no front bulldozer blade;
- EO 2621-32 - hydraulic drive with a bulldozer blade and a shifting digging axis.
Excavator for soils
Mechanization increases the volume of excavation work performed by several tens of times. A single-bucket excavator based on YuMZ EO 2621 operates smoothly in soils from categories 1 to 4, at temperatures from -40 to +40˚С. Categories 1 and 2 are soft and medium-hard soils. When working with category 3 and 4 soils, assistance in the form of preliminary loosening is required.- Category 1 - loose soils (sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc.), turf layer;
- Category 2 - consists of particles of medium hardness connecting each other (loam, fine and medium gravel);
- Category 3 - dense loam, heavy clay;
- Category 4 - permafrost or soils with seasonal freezing, dense rocks of quartz, limestone, etc.
Introduction of new technologies
Currently, the EO 2621 single-bucket excavator is produced by several factories in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. At this stage of production, new developments have been introduced that have put the work of the excavator at a higher level, while improving the technical characteristics of the unit and the operator’s working conditions.- Hydraulic distributor 6 sections with built-in safety valves ensures smooth movement and switching operations, and accuracy of operation;
- Protective automatic systems to protect against operator errors;
- Levers and other controls are located at a convenient distance for the operator;
- Possibility of combining operations, saving time and labor costs.
Types of buckets EO 2621
The main and main working tool of an excavator is a bucket. Apart from hydraulic equipment, the main functions are volume and shape. The bucket volume of the EO 2621 excavator varies from 0.25 to 0.28 m³. Can be completed different types teeth, which are made of more durable and abrasion-resistant steel. Its purpose depends on the shape of the tooth:- Standard
- Reinforced - for harder ground
- Ripper
- Trenching - digging trenches at an angle of 90˚
- Profile - digging trenches with a given slope angle
- Rocky
- Loading
Excavator-bulldozer EO 2621 is a representative of universal special equipment of medium productivity. (You can learn about the largest bulldozer from this article.)
ChTZ is produced on the basis of the YuMZ 6AK wheeled tractor. Another model produced by ChTZ is the T170 bulldozer.
Scope of application
Due to the small size of the base tractor, wheeled excavator EO 2621 found application in agriculture, small utilities, road and energy companies. It is used in road construction, laying and repairing local communications, loading works(same as jcb backhoe loader).
A working area of 20 square meters is enough for him. meters (see also mini excavators). A non-full-rotating hydraulic boom can be equipped with a straight and reverse bucket, a grab, forks, a crane, and a hydraulic hammer.
Equipping the tractor with a bulldozer blade increases the functionality of the machine, which can handle non-frozen soils from categories I to IV. Excavator EO 2621, photo which is presented below, is very unpretentious and easy to use. He will not refuse to work both in forty-degree frost and on a hot afternoon.
One of the types of excavators is quarry excavators. This is a large piece of equipment, used only for work in quarries. You can read about them
One of the largest models mining dump truck was produced at the Minsk Belaz plant. This is BelAZ 75710.
Design
All EO 2621 excavator device based on the YuMZ 6AK wheeled tractor. The semi-rotating hydraulic boom is mounted on a vertical column supported by a bracket rear suspension tractor.
Initially, the design of the YuMZ tractor was not designed for use as an excavator chassis. Therefore, at ChTZ, its frame was strengthened with additional strapping, and the fuel tank was moved forward, installed in front of the radiator grille. The rear support legs of the excavator hitch were not enough to provide a tight stop during work.
Therefore, a bulldozer straight knife, which has its own frame and hydraulic drive, also plays the role of additional support, as well as a counterweight when digging pits, trenches and loading operations. Read also about the T130 bulldozer.
Watch the video for more details:
Wheeled excavator EO 2621 is put into action diesel engine D-65N or D-263 with water cooling. This unit rotates not only the wheels, but also the hydraulic system pumps. He inherited a nine-speed manual transmission with a reduction gearbox from a row-crop tractor.
The operator can select one of seventeen front or four reverse gears. Although for an excavator such a wealth of choice is not entirely relevant.
Steering with worm gear , V latest models excavator it is supplemented with hydraulic booster. The cabin is quite spacious; its equipment does not contain newfangled ergonomic options that make special car in the semblance of a flying saucer, there is only the essentials - a windshield wiper with washer, a heater. Rich equipment, modern design The Volvo excavator boasts an ergonomic workplace.
The instrument panel is readable enough. When working with an excavator hitch, the operator's seat rotates backwards.
Diagram of the hydraulic system of the EO 2621 excavator consists of two independent circuits. Hydraulic fluid enters them from a single tank mounted on the frame to the left of the engine. The first circuit ensures the operation of the boom (two hydraulic cylinders), arm and bucket (one hydraulic cylinder each).
Therefore in it three gear pumps type NSh32-3. The second operates the rotary column, rear supports and dozer linkage. The column is rotated by moving chain drive two (right and left) hydraulic cylinders.
The accuracy and smooth operation of the excavator linkage is ensured by a sectional hydraulic distributor, the design of which includes anti-cavitation valves and built-in fuses.
Excavator YuMZ EO 2621 has the following specifications:
| Characteristic | Meaning |
| Basic unit | Wheeled tractor YuMZ-6AK |
| engine's type | Four-cylinder in-line DT-65N with water cooling. Power 65 hp, volume 4.94 liters. |
| Working bodies | Semi-rotating boom, bulldozer linkage. |
| Boom rotation angle (deg.) | 160 |
| Bucket volume (m/cube) | 0,25 |
| Maximum digging depth (m) | 3 |
| Maximum lifting height (m) | 3,3 |
| Productivity (cubic m/hour) | 40 |
| Hydraulic system | 2 independent circuits |
| Excavator weight (tons) | 5,7 |
| Length (m) | 6,48 |
| Width (m) | 2,2 |
| Maximum transport speed(km/h) | 19 |
Cost of ownership
Excavator EO 2621, price which does not exceed one and a half million rubles (this is lower than Caterpillar), is available to most commercial and government enterprises involved in agriculture, construction, and maintenance of utility and energy systems.
On secondary market his average price is at the level of six hundred thousand rubles, and the amazing reliability of the systems and mechanisms of the excavator give reason to the owners of these used machines to believe that they own practically new equipment.
Consumables and spare parts for this tractor are quite cheap. In addition, he is unpretentious in terms of service. It can be repaired at any site, equipped with electric hoists and a welding machine, which also reduces the cost of ownership.
The Yumz excavator is special kind special equipment intended for construction or utility work. He also found wide application for loading and unloading or excavation work in branch Agriculture, land reclamation, gas and oil industries, laying pipelines, cables, excavation pits, etc.
The main difference of this model is that the Yumz excavator is made in the form of a tractor, onto which a strapping frame and a bulldozer frame are attached to increase power, and it is also equipped with other attachments. The rotary column, located on the strapping frame, operates using a two-hydraulic cylinder drive and has a rotation angle of 160°. The boom and bucket drive is also hydraulic.
YuMZ excavators - universal equipment for earthmoving work
A distinctive feature of the working unit is its small dimensions; in addition, such transport is quite versatile, thanks to the presence of several replaceable bucket attachments, as well as a loader and a grab of different sizes. The grab can be used for loading bulk materials, straw, fertilizers and other cargo. A unified excavator shovel is used for digging holes, ditches, trenches on various soils (earth, clay, light salt marsh, crushed stone, slag, etc.), and also has a loading hook and a bulldozer for raking.
Due to the above qualities, using this type special equipment, it is possible to carry out work processes in sectors that are difficult to reach for other equipment. Also of great importance is the high performance of mechanical vehicle, namely the reliability and durability of the equipment equipped with the Yumz excavator. Technical spare parts is made only from high quality structural steels.
The model type of excavator Yumz 6 is mainly used when carrying out excavation work in soils of categories 1-4, or for loading various types raw materials and materials having both a solid structure and a loosened base. A common filling tank ensures the operation of two independent hydraulic drives, the first of which, using gear pumps and a distributor, ensures the operation of the boom, arm and bucket, the second is responsible for the turning mechanism, bulldozer and outriggers. Piston type hydraulic cylinders are used.
Excavator of this type can also be used as a crane or hydraulic hammer, equipped with forks, and if necessary, the backhoe can be reinstalled into a straight attachment. YuMZ 6 excavator, the technical characteristics of which are on high level, is not inferior to other analogues of domestic and imported production. Due to its small dimensions, compared to heavier equipment, this transport is maneuverable, while ensuring the performance of work at the level of larger and strong models. Its operating weight is 6600 kg, the unloading height reaches 3.2 m, the bucket capacity is 0.28 cubic meters, the digging radius reaches 5.3 m, the maximum digging depth reaches 2.3 m.
Technical characteristics of YuMZ excavators
The excavator is powered by a new four-cylinder diesel engine model D-242, the power of which is 62 horsepower, while in operating condition the fuel consumption does not exceed 10.8 liters. at one o'clock. In addition, the unit has the following advantages that allow you to optimize work processes:
The undercarriage is not tracked, but wheeled, and rear wheels- driving, and the front - guides, are made on pneumatic tires;
The steering wheel is reinforced with a hydraulic device;
Mechanical transmission;
The 9-speed gearbox is equipped with a gearbox that allows you to double the power;
Allows you to reach forward speeds of up to 32 km. per hour, at reversing- up to 25 km. at one o'clock.
The Yumz excavator can work in difficult weather conditions at different levels temperature regime(from +40 to -40 °C), as well as in environments with increased level sand or dust. In addition to the above functional capabilities, the technical characteristics allow for a wide range of work operations: digging pits with a dump, developing small faces, creating embankments, cleaning the area and carrying out some installation processes. To increase the service life and reduce the degree of wear of the hydraulics of the Yumz excavator, it is necessary to periodically clean the bottom of the oil tank, promptly change filters, oil and wipers, and check the tightness of all connections of the engine structure.
The price of Yumz excavators is determined depending on its equipment additional mechanisms, performance and other parameters necessary when performing the tasks assigned to the equipment by the customer or contractor.
The YuMZ excavator was designed by the Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant. This unit was designed on the basis of the YuMZ tractor. The machine has many positive functions that are indispensable when working on construction, digging canals, and loading various cargoes. It is important to know how many characteristics this model has so as not to make a mistake with your choice.
The lineup
From model range can be distinguished:
- Modification YuMZ-6L. The prototype of this model is the MTZ-50 tractor.
- YuMZ-6AK. The tractor featured a cabin with improved visibility. The installation of a PTO at YuMZ significantly expanded the functionality of the attachments.
- Model YuMZ-6AL. The tractor had an adjustable steering rack, modified braking system, updated dashboard and a modified hood.
- Modification of the YuMZ-6KL excavator. Model 6KL is presented in industrial version. The tractor is equipped with standard mounting blocks for bulldozer and excavator equipment, and the hydraulics and hydraulic system have been significantly strengthened.
The most common YuMZ excavator is EO 2621A. This model can still be found on any construction site today. Excavator dimensions:
- length - 4.165 m;
- width - 1.88 m;
- height - 2.49 m.
The weight of the excavator is 3.2-3.9 tons. Weight varies due to the configuration and type of attachment.
Powertrain, transmission and hydraulics
Power units of YuMZ excavators presented four-stroke engines. Among them we can highlight:
- D-65 engine with installed power 60 Horse power, in addition to the engine, a starter unit was installed;
- engine D-242-71 with a power of 71 horsepower.
The engine capacity of the D-65 is 4.95 liters. Engine capacity D-242-71 is 4.75 liters. Specifications power units regulate the crankshaft rotation speed, which is 1,800 revolutions per minute.
The YuMZ excavator has 5 step box gear, which is equipped with a dry clutch. The drive shaft and power take-off shaft are connected to each other. The box parts are lubricated by spraying oil. The gearbox is controlled using the gear shift lever and the lock lever. The technical characteristics of the transmission guarantee a speed of 24.5 km/h and overcoming inclines at an angle of 10°.
The YuMZ excavator (cockerel) loader has an aggregate-type hydraulic system, which consists of the following components:
- Oil TANK, which serves as a reservoir for hydraulic fluid. Located on the left side for better control oil level. This is convenient for the tractor driver.
- Hydraulic distributor - 2 pcs. The hydraulic circuit implies the presence of a fluid flow distributor for better control of excavator mechanisms.
- Gear pump. The hydraulic circuit is equipped with standard pumps of the NSh-71 and NSh-100 types. The pumps are driven through a splined coupling from the transmission gear. The pump gears are cast integrally with the shafts.
- Hydraulic cylinders. Power cylinders Hydraulics raise and lower the bucket and blade of the YuMZ EO excavator. The cylinders are secured using brackets.
- Pipes and hoses high pressure necessary for supplying oil to the units of the EO 2621 hydraulic system.
For better management equipped with power steering. The power steering drives the NSh-10 pump.
Operation and equipment
The excavator based on YuMZ 6 is adapted to work in a wide temperature range, reliable and versatile in use. It handles the heat and starts perfectly at -40°C.
The design and layout of the excavator allows it to be used for various construction works.
Modernization and alteration make it possible to expand the range of trailed and mounted equipment.
An example is a quick-hitch front loader.
Loader technical specifications:
- lifting height - 4m;
- time for replacing the working body is 1-4 minutes;
- knife thickness - 20mm;
- bucket thickness - 4mm;
- the thickness of the linings is 10mm.
The loader is designed to work with various loads (sand, grain, crushed stone, etc.), and is equipped with quick-release fasteners, which significantly reduces the time of its installation and dismantling.
