During engine operation, the surfaces of mating parts gradually wear out, causing their original dimensions and, in some cases, shape to change. This entails a disruption in the interaction of parts and the occurrence of certain malfunctions, which can also appear as a result of violation of the established engine care rules.

Crane operators and their assistants working on cranes with engines internal combustion, must know the signs of certain malfunctions and be able to quickly detect and eliminate them. When troubleshooting, you must use the appropriate tools and equipment. If it is impossible to eliminate the malfunction on site by the maintenance team, immediately notify the administration about this to send the crane to the workshop or call a qualified mechanic.

Let's consider the main malfunctions of diesel engines K-559 and K-661 (Table 14).

Table 14

Malfunctions and their causes
2. The electric starter provides insufficient	2. Check battery charging -
exact rotation speed. Not half-	tor and, if necessary, recharge
Battery is fully charged
3. Diesel is not warmed up enough. Bottom-	3. Warm up the engine, why
what is the oil and water temperature	release from the cooling system
4 Insufficient compression due to: a) excessive wear or sudden pas-	Warm up all the water or coolant by first pouring water at a temperature of 50-60°C, followed by pouring in coolant heated to a temperature of 70-80°C. a) replace the piston rings;
elasticity piston rings(noticeable smoke from the breather), b) no clearance in the valves	b) adjust the gaps in the valve
Diesel does not develop	full power
1 The feed advance angle has changed	1. Set normal angle
	fuel supply advance
2. One of several does not work	2 Necessary-
cylinders (the working cylinder is determined by sequentially turning off the fuel supply to the injectors) due to the fact that: a) hanging of the fuel plunger	a) remove fuel pump, disassemble and achieve free transfer
b) stuck or loosely attached to	placement of plungers in bushings. If this fails, replace the plunger-bushing pair; b) replace the injection pair
discharge valve seat;	valve - seat;
c) the pressure spring is broken	c) replace the spring;
th valve; d) the spray needle hangs;	d) remove the sprayer from the nozzle
e) the nozzle spring is broken;	and try to achieve free movement of the needle in the spray body. If this fails, replace the sprayer; d) replace the spring and adjust
f) the passage of gases from the cylinders following	test the nozzle for pressure; f) remove the covers of the brackets
valve leakage	speculation, inspect the springs and replace
due to breakdown valve springs or	ki valves, replace broken springs. When valves hang
valve sticking;
g) the uniformity of supply is disrupted	add a few drops diesel fuel into the gap between the valve stem and bushing with simultaneous rotation crankshaft diesel by hand; g) remove the fuel pump and
fuel by fuel injection plungers	check it for uniformity of feeding
	chi fuel;

Malfunctions and their causes	Method for eliminating problems
h) air passes into the fuel SI-	h) eliminate tightening leaks
:topic through connection leaks	which fittings, replace the sealing
draining fuel from injectors;	body gaskets;
i) the coarse filters are dirty or	i) wash filters and pipework
fuel purification race Iln pipesshro-	water. Check the tightness of the
fuel supply water. Fuel leak in fuel suction line	pipeline connections
3. The turbocharger has deteriorated	3. Remove the turbocharger, find and eliminate faults
4. Leakage in the supercharger line	4 It is necessary to tighten the corresponding
fresh air: a) in the connection of the discharge manifold with the discharge pipe or a rupture of the connecting durite coupling; b) at the junction of the discharge manifold with the cylinder heads or the discharge pipe with a bare	loose bolts or nuts, replace gaskets
5. Air purifiers are heavily contaminated	5. Remove the air cleaner or
supercharger body or volute	snail and clean
Diesel smokes
1. The feed advance angle has changed	1. Set the normal setting
chi fuel	fuel supply advance
2. Injector malfunction due to	2. Check and adjust
needle slip or spring breakage	nozzle
3. After starting, the diesel engine is loaded without	3. Warm up the diesel engine at idle
preheating
4. Insufficient compression due to	4. Grind in the valves, replace
leakage of the working valves or excessive wear or loss of elasticity of the piston rings
Note. A supercharged diesel engine also smokes at ambient temperatures above +30°C.
Diesel goes wild
In this case, you must immediately stop the diesel engine using the power handle.
slats; if it is impossible to turn the handle, pull out the top supply tube
liva from a durite coupling located	in front of the coarse filter, top-
liva, and load the diesel engine as much as possible.	At the same time it is necessary to stop
air entering the diesel engine by closing the air cleaner with available tools
materials (work jacket, tarpaulin, napkin, etc.).
Diesel speed is unstable
1. There is no oil in the crankcase	1. Pour oil into the crankcase
gulator
2. Fuel regulator is faulty	2. Remove the fuel pump from the regulator
	lator, find and fix faults

Malfunctions and* causes	Troubleshooting method
Malfunctions related to water and oil systems
1. High water temperature due to:	1. Required:
a) contamination of the radiator;	a) remove the radiator, clean it from dirt, rinse it with a solution that removes scale;
b) pump malfunction;	b) check the vacuum pump, find and eliminate faults;
c) diesel overload;	c) reduce the load;
d) malfunction of the electric fan;	d) inspect the electric ventilator. Check fuse links if they are burnt out, replace them;
e) insufficient amount of cooling	d) check the presence of cooling
giving liquid	liquid and, if there is not enough liquid, add
2. Incorrect thermometer reading 3. Low oil pressure due to	2. Replace the thermometer
	3. Inspect the filter meshes and
types of filter meshes or leaks	Rinse. Unscrew the reduction
closing the pressure reducing valve	valve assembled with a body made of cor-
at the oil pump	Pusa oil pump without disturbing the adjustment and tightening of the valve spring, wash the valve seat and reinstall it
4. Rapid drop in oil pressure	4. Shine the spray nozzle
in the system due to fuel ingress	and try to get free
VA into the oil due to pinching of the needles	movement of the needle in the housing
pollinators	pollinator. If this fails, replace the nozzle

In the article “Preconditions for diesel engine malfunction” we will tell you what difficulties diesel engines encounter in most cases and what can be done to eliminate them. Everyone is well aware of the advantages of diesel engines. Their durability and efficiency are known to everyone. But if your diesel engine starts even to “fool around” in an unconventional way, then the upcoming process of operating the car turns into a severe test of your nerves. There are a huge number of types of diesel engines. And you need to realize that the repair of such engines will be different.

More common problems with a diesel engine:

1. missing compression;

2. difficulties with glow plugs;

3. poor condition of the starter;

4. wear of the plunger pair;

5. no fuel flash;

6. “start after”;

7. malfunction of the injection advance system;

8. dark emission;

9. effect of a clogged fuel filter, etc.

1. It can be considered a sign of bad compression if the car starts poorly when cold, but slightly better when warm. If you have problems starting the engine, then you need to measure its compression. The compression of a working motor should be approximately 30 kg/sq.m. see. Frozen is carried through spark plug holes. If compression is poor due to engine wear, oil leaks, pressure in the crankcase increases, the ventilation system does not cope, power decreases, fuel consumption increases and motor oil. The prerequisite may be wear and tear. piston group. Problems in most cases involve a cylinder mirror.

2. Malfunctions in the glow plug control system can be checked by removing and tying all the plugs with wire and securing it to ground. All spark plugs should heat up identically when the ignition is turned on. If heating does not occur identically, then the spark plug needs to be changed.

3. When the engine is cool, it starts, as soon as it warms up, it does not start until it cools down. The prerequisite may be a dirty starter. The starter is sorted out, cleaned, and bearings are replaced as necessary.

4. Wear of the plunger pair is also a common cause of diesel engine malfunction. When cool, the fuel can still be pumped by a plunger, but when heated, problems begin. The engine stalls. He needs to cool down.

5. What else could be the reason for the disgusting start of diesel engines? Due to the fact that there is no fuel flash, the engine cannot start normally. Perhaps this is due to the lack of temperature in the combustion chamber; due to the fact that the injection volume is small; due to the fact that the fuel supply is not adequate.

6. At first the engine spins without flashes, then rare flashes appear and in the end, the engine picks them up and starts working. The main reason is that not all cylinders are involved in starting the engine.

7. At idle, the engine runs smoothly, but when you press the accelerator pedal, a shaking suddenly occurs. Blue smoke begins to fly out of the chimney. When added, the shaking and smoke stop. Reason: jamming of the injection advance mechanism. We advise you to loosen the fastening of the injection pump pump. If you turn it a little to an earlier injection, just 2-3 degrees, then the disadvantage will disappear.

8. Dark emissions are a widespread reason for engine repairs. A dark emission may also be due to the fact that not all fuel burns completely due to a lack of air and flies out in the form of dark smoke. Dark emissions can also occur when a diesel engine is overloaded. At low speeds, fuel is supplied when the gas is pressed with the highest supply, and the fuel consistency becomes excessively enriched. The consequence of this will be a dark emission.

9. From time to time, air leaks through improper fastening of the narrow filter. To determine the presence of air leaks, it is necessary to replace the ordinary rubber fuel tube with a transparent polyvinyl chloride tube. When you start the engine, you can immediately recognize an air leak by the bubbles that move with the fuel. There will be a restriction in fuel supply.

If you operate your car in winter with an incomplete fuel tank, you risk damaging the diesel fuel system. Due to temperature differences on the walls fuel tank frost will appear. When thawing, droplets of water will certainly fall into the fuel. Water in the form of ice will cause severe harm to the diesel fuel system. To prevent this, it is necessary to drain the sediment from the filter frequently.

In the article “Preconditions for diesel engine malfunctions,” we pointed out the main malfunctions. The main parts and components of the diesel engine are made very tightly. Repair of diesel engines usually comes down to adjusting it or repairing it fuel equipment.

Today, many motorists have cars that use diesel fuel as fuel. Many owners of such cars will be interested to know what malfunctions occur diesel engine and their elimination. Especially, it seems to us, this article will be of interest to car owners who, after long-term operation gasoline modifications car, changed to diesel cars. This is due to the large difference in maintenance and operation of such models. To enjoy owning such a car, you need to know as much as possible about it.

Diesel engine malfunctions and their elimination, knowledge of these features, the ability to find and fix problems that arise will be useful for all drivers. Imagine this situation. A trip outside of urban areas in a jeep, and most of these vehicles have diesel power units, was interrupted due to its breakdown. “Civilization” is dozens of kilometers away, there is no one to expect help from, and no one knows what to do. Let's try to tell you in simple words about possible breakdowns such machines.

A little about the features of such cars

The design principle of diesel engines is not very different from gasoline power units. Both designs are characterized by the presence of a cylinder block, pistons, valves and other parts. The only difference is in the reinforcement of the structure of some of them. This must be done because the compression pressure of the combustible mixture of a diesel engine is about 20 units, versus 10-12 for carburetor models.

Diesel engines work a little differently than gasoline units. The combustible mixture is supplied to the compression zone separately. The first air enters the cylinders and its compression begins. At the end of this process, its temperature reaches approximately 700°C, so when diesel fuel is injected under high pressure, it ignites.

At this time, there is a sharp increase in pressure in the ignition zone, which is accompanied by noise and some vibration. Such features of these power units allow the use of inexpensive diesel fuel; operation occurs with a very lean mixture. This predetermines higher efficiency and better “ecology” against gasoline engines. However, there is a caveat here; this is only possible with a fully operational power unit.

About symptoms of malfunction

Failures of any engines, and especially diesel engines, most often occur due to wear of parts, violations of maintenance and operation rules, overheating power unit, use of poor quality fuel and other problems. However, the most common malfunctions of diesel power units are:

• The diesel engine cannot be started;
• Interruptions during operation and reduction in power;
• High exhaust smoke;
• Sudden stop;
• Knocks during operation;

Now let's talk more specifically about these problems and how to get rid of them.

Why won't the engine start?

This is possible when there is no fuel in the system. The reason for this may be clogged fuel filters, coarse and fine cleaning diesel fuel. Their clogging can occur due to low quality fuel or when using summer varieties in the cold season. In this case, washing the filters and replacing them with the appropriate type of diesel fuel helps.

Air getting into the power system will also prevent it from starting. It is necessary to carefully inspect all pipelines for signs and eliminate them. An incorrectly installed injection pump after repair will not allow the engine to start.

Insufficient power and interruptions

This can happen when diesel injector nozzles become coked. It will help to wash the injectors and sprayers in a bath of diesel fuel and clean them with a needle with a diameter of 0.25 mm. Failures can come from the high pressure pump due to a violation of its adjustments. This can also be expected due to jamming of the plunger of this pump. It is best to fix such problems in workshops. It cannot be ruled out that the filters in the power supply system become clogged and air gets in there.

Heavy exhaust smoke

The appearance of black smoke from the exhaust pipe indicates an overload of the power unit. Go to low gear will clean the exhaust. This phenomenon may also be caused by a lack of air due to a dirty air filter. Flushing a car's air cleaner cleans up the exhaust.

Appearance white smoke Possible when the engine is not warmed up or after water gets into the diesel fuel. Blue smoke may serve as a signal to the driver that there is too much in the pan high level oils Bringing it to normal eliminates the appearance of smoke. Signs of piston group wear are also determined by the appearance blue smoke. You should also check the reliability of the connections in the pipelines and do not forget to drain the sediment from the fuel tank.

Unexpected engine stop. The culprit for this problem may be a lack of fuel in the power system. If it is present in the tanks, you should check the cleanliness fuel filters. Washing the filters or installing new filter elements will relieve the driver of such a malfunction.

Check the cleanliness of the hole in the gas tank cap; it serves to connect its cavity to the atmosphere. If there is no air in the tank, the fuel pump is unable to supply the engine the right amount fuel.

About possible overheating

First of all, check the coolant level in the radiator and if it is insufficient, add required volume antifreeze. Problems may arise. If it gets stuck in the closed position, the coolant, moving in a small circle, will quickly overheat. In this case, only replacing it will correct the situation. Clogged cooling system, especially the radiator, weak tension fan belt also lead to overheating of the power unit.

Knocking noises during operation. This can happen due to an increased gap in valve mechanism gas distribution, in this case, valve adjustment is necessary. Too much early ignition leads to a knocking sound in the fuel pump. It is necessary to correctly set the timing of the supply of high pressure fuel into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. A faulty injector can also be a source of knocking noise in diesel engines.

There are several main causes of diesel malfunction, as well as specific methods for them. self-elimination and warnings. This is exactly what we will talk about in this article.

Malfunction No. 1. The diesel engine runs without smoke, but not in full power

Most often, such diesel operation is caused by clogged fine and coarse diesel fuel filters.

As a rule, this problem occurs due to the fact that motorists only take into account the operating time of the filters. At the same time, all automakers indicate deadlines in the documentation, meaning that the engine runs on standard fuel of European quality. In other words, the probability of various mud and water impurities getting into the fuel is not taken into account. This leads to a simple recommendation: changing fuel filters should be done 2 times more often than what car manufacturers write in the instructions.

Checking fuel filters in the following way:

1. We change the fuel line connecting the injection pump and the filter, made of opaque material, with a transparent hose (to see air bubbles);

Malfunction No. 5. An increase in diesel speed leads to the appearance of black smoke from the exhaust pipe

Black smoke from the exhaust pipe after 5,000 km indicates a severely clogged air filter. Similar symptoms can be observed in a diesel engine whose fuel system is not working correctly (excess fuel enters the cylinder). In addition, a smoking diesel engine may have a breakdown in the boost of the fuel pump corrector that regulates high pressure and other turbocharger failures.

The first thing you should start with is checking the performance of the air filter:

1. Remove the air filter cartridge;

2. Lock the cover on the air filter housing in the closed position;

3. Start the engine and drive the car.

The result is one of two possible:

• The emissions of black smoke have become significantly less, then you just need to change the air filter, and the problem will be solved;
• The intensity of black smoke emissions has remained virtually unchanged, then we install air filter back and close the lid on its body.

In the second case, it is necessary, using a “13” wrench, to slightly unscrew the lock nut on the fuel supply screw (it is located behind the high pressure fuel pump). So, having unscrewed the screw a quarter, you should tighten its locknut as tightly as possible.

After the engine is started, you can hear that its speed is idle move became smaller. Restoring the speed to the previous level is done by unscrewing the screw of the lever stop, which is responsible for the intensity of the gas supply. After the described procedure, the smoke from the exhaust pipe will definitely become less. However, the diesel power may drop somewhat.

Ultimately, by unscrewing and tightening the two above-mentioned screws one by one, you need to find a balance in which both the diesel power will be sufficient and the smoke from the exhaust pipe will pass. However, if you do not find such screws for adjustment on your car, it means that on your fuel injection pump they are simply covered with a cover.

Failure of injectors can also cause a diesel engine to smoke and not gain full power. However, it is not for nothing that we mentioned it last among all the diesel malfunctions, since its diagnosis should be done only after all the above procedures. In addition, only car service specialists can fix it.

Diesel engines are widely used in engineering machines, trucks and route vehicles. This type of engine is less common in passenger cars, however, due to the general increase in their popularity, diesel engines are increasingly being installed on them.

The design of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is divided into a separate combustion chamber and a chamber with direct injection. In the first situation, the combustion chamber is connected to the cylinder using a special channel. During compression, the vortex-type air entering the chamber is swirled. This improves the self-ignition that occurs in the main chamber. Such diesel engines are most often found in passenger cars, since their noise level is much lower compared to other engines and the speed range is larger.

In the second case, the combustion chamber is located directly in the piston, and the fuel enters the space above the piston. Low-speed engines with large volumes most often have this design. Such engines initially made a lot of noise and vibration, but consumed a small amount of fuel. Gradually, high-pressure fuel pumps for diesel engines appeared with optimization of the combustion process. Has been achieved stable work engine at a range of up to 4500 rpm. Noise and vibration have also been significantly reduced.

Diesel or gasoline?

Advantages and disadvantages different types engines are often a concern for car owners. Despite the fact that the noise and vibration levels of diesel engines have decreased significantly as a result of their modernization, many car owners are concerned about the question: how to quickly start a diesel engine frosty weather? Indeed, the diesel engine and car interior warm up more slowly due to lower engine operating temperatures. The issue is resolved by installing on motors additional heaters. This option is widely used on modern engines.

It would seem that that’s all, but no. Many car enthusiasts buy cars with diesel engines due to the relative cheapness of diesel fuel. Wanting to save on fuel, they do not take into account that diesel engines are much more demanding on fuel quality than gasoline engines. Gasoline engines are more demanding in terms of the required octane number.

Diesel engines are wrongly considered unpretentious, since they are demanding on fuel quality and Supplies quite high. It is no secret that domestic diesel fuel is far behind imported European fuel in quality. Using good old diesel fuel can adversely affect engine performance. However, leading Russian oil companies are trying to solve this problem.

Euro 4 diesel fuel fully complies with the standards and allows the engine to remain operational for a long time. Some also try to use auto chemicals (anti-gel agents), which can increase the quality of fuel, but it is recommended to use them only if the warranty period has already expired.

Thus, by purchasing cars with diesel engines that are not officially supplied to Russia, you risk quickly rendering the engine, designed for European fuel, unusable.

Maintenance A diesel engine is almost always more expensive than a gasoline engine. This is explained more high cost spare parts (air, fuel filters, etc.). Oil changes are carried out more often than with its gasoline competitor (on average every 7.5 km).

A good advantage of a diesel engine, relative to a gasoline engine, is more economical consumption fuel at high mileage car. An older gasoline engine does not consume gasoline as economically as a new one. There is practically no such problem in a diesel engine.

Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that modern diesels Reliability is not inferior to gasoline engines. But purchasing them in order to save money on fuel is justified only if the car is used for a long time.

Principle of operation

Like gasoline engines, diesel engines They are divided into four-stroke and two-stroke depending on the principle of operation. Two-stroke engines quite poorly distributed. Read on to learn more about the operating principle of a four-stroke diesel engine.

The operating cycle of such an engine consists of four strokes:

1. Intake (injection). During this stroke, the crankshaft rotates from 0 to 180 degrees and reaches bottom dead points. Air enters the cylinder through the open intake valve. At the same time Exhaust valve opens only 10-15 degrees, forming an overlap.
2. Compression. The piston, moving upward from 180 to 360 degrees, reaches the top dead center. The air is compressed more than 16 times, and the intake valve closes at the beginning of this stroke. The air temperature in the engine can reach from seven hundred to nine hundred degrees Celsius.
3. Working stroke, expansion. The crankshaft rotates from 360 to 540 degrees, again reaching bottom dead center. As is known from physics, highly compressed air heats up to very high temperatures, due to which the fuel coming from intake valve, self-ignites. At this stage, an important difference between a diesel engine and a gasoline engine appears. Diesel fuel begins to flow even before reaching crankshaft top dead points (ignition timing). Combustion products push the piston down. During the working process in a diesel engine, the gas pressure is constant, and thanks to this they are able to develop greater torque. Proportion air-fuel mixture In a diesel engine it differs from a gasoline engine in the large amount of air.
4. Release. When the crankshaft rotates 720 degrees, the piston pushes the exhaust gases into the open exhaust valve. Gases escape through exhaust pipe, and the whole cycle repeats.

Diesel internal combustion engine power supply system

Purpose

The diesel power system is a whole complex special devices. Its main task is not only to supply fuel to the injection nozzles, but also to ensure high pressure during supply. The power system also performs other important functions:

• dispensing a precisely defined amount of fuel, taking into account the engine load at different modes work;
• ensuring effective fuel injection at a fixed period of time with the required intensity;
• spraying and uniform distribution of fuel throughout the combustion chamber in the cylinders;
• preliminary filtration of diesel fuel before supply to the power system pumps.

The power supply system provides the supply of purified fuel, and the injection pump (high pressure fuel pump) of the diesel engine compresses it to the required pressure. The injectors supply finely atomized diesel fuel into the combustion chamber

As an example, a diagram of the ZMZ-5143.10 diesel engine installed on UAZ vehicles with an electric fuel pump is given.

Main elements of the system

The diesel engine power supply system consists of main and additional elements. The main elements are: fuel tank, diesel fuel coarse and fine filters, fuel priming pump, injection pump, injection nozzles (through which fuel is injected), pipeline low pressure, high pressure line and air filter.

Additional elements may vary. These include electric pumps, exhaust gases, particulate filters and mufflers. The diesel engine power supply system is divided into two groups depending on the installed fuel equipment: diesel fuel supply equipment and air supply equipment.

In fuel supply equipment, as a rule, injection pumps and injectors are implemented as separate devices. Fuel is supplied to the engine through high and low pressure lines. In the highway high pressure injection pump increases the pressure to supply and inject the required portion of fuel into the working combustion chamber.

In addition to the fuel injection pump, the diesel engine is equipped with a fuel priming pump. It supplies fuel from the fuel tank and passes fuel through fine and coarse filters. The pressure created by this pump allows fuel to be supplied through a low pressure pipeline to the injection pump.

The fuel injection pump of a diesel engine supplies fuel to the injection nozzles under high pressure. The flow depends on the operating order of the diesel engine cylinders.

Diesel injectors are located in the cylinder head. Their main task is precise atomization of fuel in the combustion chamber. There is also a drainage system that removes excess fuel and air through separate pipelines. Nozzles come in open and closed types, but closed type is used more often. The nozzle of such an injector is a hole closed by a shut-off needle. The key element of the nozzle is the atomizer. It receives one or more nozzle holes, which form a torch at the time of fuel injection.

There is also a non-separated type power supply system, in which the injection pump and injection nozzle together they represent a pump-injector device. The service life of such engines is short, and the noise generated often exceeds specified standards.

Features of the turbodiesel power system

The turbocharging system is used in both diesel and gasoline engines. It is designed to increase their power without increasing the volume of the combustion chamber. The fuel supply system in turbocharged diesel engines remains virtually unchanged, while the air supply system undergoes significant changes.

Supercharging occurs using a turbocharger. The turbine consumes the energy released by the exhaust gases (read also,). The air in the turbocharger is compressed, cooled and fed into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine. The value of this pressure classifies compressors according to the degree of boost (low, medium, high).

Diagnostics of the diesel engine power system

Diagnostics of the diesel engine power system is carried out in special service centers is aimed at identifying and eliminating the following malfunctions: wear on the surface of cylinders, gears, sprockets, crankshaft, injection pump, clogging of the radiator, air filter, cooling channels, oil channels, damage to the flywheel, valves, etc.

A variety of malfunctions can occur. Their timely identification will allow the engine to last longer. The main signs by which you can understand that there is a malfunction are the following: the engine does not start, does not develop the declared power, smokes heavily, and knocking noises occur during operation.

Troubleshooting the diesel engine power system

If the engine does not start, the first thing to do is check for fuel. At low temperatures it can thicken, so special heating of diesel fuel will help to start the engine in cold weather. Next reason There may be excess air in the power system. Such situations arise due to leaks in the system. To eliminate excess air, it is necessary to bleed the system and eliminate its leaks.

The lines, tank pickup and fuel filters may be clogged. The water in them may freeze. It is necessary to warm them up, clean them thoroughly with a rag soaked in hot water. If the injection pump does not work, then you must first warm it up with warm air or steam, and if this does not help, then the filter elements must be replaced.

If the engine does not develop the declared power and smokes heavily, then it is necessary to check the air filter for clogging, check the content of excess air in the fuel system, adjust the fuel supply angle, adjust and clog the injectors, and check the malfunction of the high and low pressure pumps. The malfunction can be eliminated by cleaning the filters, pumping and removing excess air, adjusting the injection advance clutch at the injector, replacing or repairing the high and low pressure pumps if warming up does not help.

Uneven engine operation occurs due to loss of performance of the injectors, fuel injection pump malfunction or regulator. Faulty injectors must be replaced immediately, and the pump should be sent for repair.

Knocking in the engine occurs due to too early fuel supply or, conversely, increased supply. This occurs due to the rack lock becoming disengaged. To eliminate it, it is necessary to adjust the angle at which the fuel supply begins or replace the fuel injection pump rack.

Now, in order, about the troubleshooting process. The sediment from the fuel filters is drained provided the engine is warm. Drain plugs are unscrewed and the sediment is drained until clean fuel begins to flow. Then the plugs are tightened tightly, and the fuel system is pumped with a hand pump. After this, the engine starts. After 3-4 minutes everything air jams will be eliminated. Sludge from fuel tanks is drained using special taps in the same way.

To wash the diesel fuel coarse and fine filter, the fuel is drained, the caps are removed and washed with clean diesel fuel. Then the old filter elements are replaced. After assembly, you must make sure that there is no air leakage when the engine is running. Otherwise, the bolts securing the cups to the housings are tightened manually.

The air filter is removed from the car and the filter element is removed. The body and inertia damper are washed in diesel fuel or hot water, and the parts are blown out compressed air, the air intake mesh is cleaned. Damaged parts are replaced.

Checking for leaks exhaust tract. The filter element is cleaned by blowing with dry compressed air or washing. The filter element must be replaced if it has through-hole damage.

The average service life of a filter element is about 30,000 km. It should be washed no more than three times, and purged no more than six times.

The fuel injection advance clutch is lubricated through one of the holes until oil spills from the other hole. It holds 0.3 liters of motor oil.

To check the fuel injection advance angle, you need to turn the crankshaft to a position where the mark on the drive half of the clutch is at the top and the latch fits into the hole on the flywheel. If the marks on the coupling and the pump are aligned, then the injection advance angle is correct.

To set the injection advance angle, you need to unscrew the 3 bolts of the driven half-clutch and turn the crankshaft and the advance clutch until the marks align.

Checking the injectors for injection pressure is carried out on a special stand. The value should not deviate from the value of 18+0.5 mPa or 17 mPa for an injector that has worked for a certain period of time. The injector should inject mist-like diesel fuel, and the injected jet should be cone-shaped. If these parameters are not met, then repair is required. diesel injectors. Checking and adjusting the injection pump is also carried out by fuel equipment specialists.

Conclusion

We examined the main components and assemblies of the diesel fuel supply system and its main malfunctions. Timely maintenance will help identify and eliminate these faults and, as a result, increase the service life of your car’s diesel engine. Good luck and easy travels!

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