Types of road rollers and their importance in modern construction

When building roads, the quality of compaction of bulk soil and asphalt concrete plays an important role. After all, the service life of the future facility will directly depend on this. For these purposes, special road construction equipment is used, namely rollers. What are they? A road roller is special machine, designed to compact material during the construction of road surfaces. It is produced by rolling one or more working devices over the surface being treated.

Types of road rollers

By method of movement road rollers can be divided into three types:

Trailed;

Semi-trailer;

Self-propelled.

The first one does not have its own drive, and its mass is transferred to the coating using the working element. The mass of the second type of rollers is transferred to the compacted surface not only by rotating the drum, but also by using a tractor. And finally, self-propelled road rollers are equipped with their own engine, propulsion and power transmission.

Self-propelled road rollers

This group of equipment today constitutes the main fleet road cars in our country. The ability to independently get to the place of work and freely move between sites makes self-propelled rollers simply irreplaceable. They can have a different number of rollers, differ in the number of axles, be equipped with any of the working parts, have a certain principle of operation, but their main difference from trailed and semi-trailer models is - this is the best performance.

According to the method of impact on the material, all road rollers can be divided into:

Static;

Vibrating.

During operation of the first type of machine, the surface is compacted due to the force of gravity, which makes it possible to achieve a smooth road surface. The second type of rollers should be considered in more detail.

Vibrating road rollers

Models of vibratory road rollers compact the coating not only with their own weight, but also with periodic vibrations that occur during the movement of the rollers. Such special equipment is used to perform a huge number of road works, namely to compact roads, airfields, lower and upper layers of the base of the road surface. In some cases road roller This type can be equipped with a dozer blade or a cam band.

Compared to static models, vibratory rollers have a better level of performance and are most effective when working with various types of soil. That is why most of the compaction machines currently used are classified as vibration machines.

The next difference between road rollers and each other is the types of working parts. According to which they are divided into:

Smooth roller;

Cam;

Lamellar;

Lattice;

Ribbed;

Pneumatic wheels.

Among these models there is another variety - combined road rollers. This equipment is equipped with several types of interchangeable working parts. This makes it possible to adapt to various types terrain and characteristics of the soil being compacted.

And finally, according to the number of axles, road rollers are divided into:

Uniaxial;

Biaxial;

Triaxial.

To compact base layers, models with one or two axles are most often used, but for final compaction of the coating, a road roller with three axles is more suitable. It allows you to level out the smallest roughness and protrusions due to high pressure and rational distribution of mass.

The construction of any road requires the formation of a base of solid material and an even layer of roadway.

The base material, its soil layer, must be compacted as much as possible and covered with a working layer of solid material of a finer fraction (crushed stone road) or concrete, asphalt, asphalt-concrete mixture (motorway).

The work of leveling, compacting and compacting layers is carried out using a construction machine, defined as a road roller.

The executive body of the unit is pneumatic wheels or rollers made of metal. Torque force is transmitted to the drive rollers (wheels) from power plant

, which ensures the movement of the machine. Changing the direction of movement ensures control of the driven roller (wheels).

What types of road rollers are there?

1. Based on the operating principle: static and vibration. Static rollers compact layers of material by force of their own gravity when the actuator moves along the working layer. Vibrating rollers add dynamic load from vibrations of one of the rollers to the effect on the material.
2. According to the applied method of movement, semi-trailer and self-propelled. In semi-trailer devices, part of the weight load is distributed across tow hitch wheeled tractor-tractor. Self-propelled vehicles move at the expense of own engine internal combustion.
3. Based on the number of axles, one, two and three-axle rollers are distinguished.
4. The number of rollers determines one, two and three roller units.

Based on their own weight and design features, self-propelled rollers are divided into types:

1. Vibrating and static machines:
   • Type 1 includes light weights from 0.6 to 4.0 tons with one axle and one roller, with two axles and two rollers;
   • Type 2 includes medium-sized machines weighing more than 6 tons, with two axles and rollers, with two axles and three rollers;
   • Type 3 includes heavy machines weighing from 10 to 15 tons on two axles with two rollers, on two axles with three rollers, on three axles with three rollers.
2. Semi-trailer rollers with pneumatic wheels are classified by weight:
   • up to 15 tons - light vehicles;
   • up to 30 t - medium;
   • up to 45 tons - heavy vehicles.
3. Self-propelled pneumatic rollers are divided into:
   • up to 16 t - medium units;
   • up to 30 tons - heavy units.

How is the skating rink constructed?

Let's consider several options for roller devices.

Static machines

The most widely used in road construction are static self-propelled units in two-axle and two-drum versions. The machine compacts and compacts layers evenly building material along the entire working strip with rollers of equal width.

1 - controlled roller; 2 — headlight; 3 — steering fork; 4 — roller cleaning scraper; 5 - steering; 6 — controls; 7 — operator’s seat; 8 — driving roller; 9, 10,11 - frame and transmission components

The frame is made of profiled and rolled steel sheets and is the basis for the installation of all components and mechanisms of the skating rink. To the front frame device A steel head is welded in to secure the guide roller axis.

Rollers are made by casting or welded from several parts. The internal cavities of welding rollers are filled with ballast (water, sand). Rollers with a smooth working surface without scoring or dents are installed on the asphalt roller.

In addition, scrapers are used to clean it and devices that ensure wetting of the roller with special oil mixtures.

The torque of the power plant is transmitted to the rear drive shaft by a transmission of mechanical, hydromechanical and hydrostatic type.

In two-axle three-drum rollers on rear axle two rollers are installed, the total width of which covers the working strip of the front roller and allows you to increase the processing width on both sides. This arrangement allows you to work near walls and curbs.

Three-axle three-roll machines are effectively used in the final finishing of the top asphalt layers.

The design feature of such units is the installation of three rollers of equal width, two of which are driven guides. The driving roller is larger in diameter than the driven ones. The unit suspension redistributes weight load along the axes in accordance with the profile of the compacted surface - all irregularities and protrusions are processed high blood pressure

and level out.

Vibrating machines

Light and medium-type rollers are manufactured with vibrating rollers. Such machines are used for road repair work, as well as for laying sidewalks, pedestrian paths, leveling and paving construction sites of limited area.

Their main advantage is high maneuverability and ease of transportation. If necessary, the vibration of the roller can be turned off.

1 - supporting frame; 2 - controlled roller; 3 - vibrating roller; 4 — controls; 5 - scraper cleaning and wetting unit; 6 - enclosing tendon.

Compacting vibrations in most such devices are created by an unbalanced vibration exciter - a shaft with a load, rotating in the bearing devices of the drum hubs and creating a variable force F.

1 — unbalance load; 2 — drive shaft; 3 — roller hub; 4 - keyed fastening

Rollers for road rollers

• The drum is the working part of the skating rink. The machines are equipped with:
• smooth rollers for asphalt laying work;
• cam - with small protrusions over the entire surface, they work effectively on loose soil;
• lattice - the surface is covered with protrusions in the form of a lattice, crushing large fragments, increasing compaction;

pneumatic wheel drum - compaction is carried out by a set of wheels installed in a certain order. In agricultural pre-sowing and planting work

Modern road cars

The German company BOMAG GmbH on the market construction equipment offers productive road rollers for all stages of highway construction.

1. Articulated tandem rollers for asphalt work:
   • light, with a dead weight from 1.8 t to 5 t;
   • heavy from 6.5 to 16 tons.
2. Static and vibrating rollers for soil compaction work with a weight from 3 to 26 tons.

Bomag roller - soil compactor

Bomag skating rink - technical specifications asphalt compaction products

Model designation	Working strip width (mm)	Power plant power (kW)	Weight of the machine ready for operation (kg)
BW 80 AD-5	800	15,0	1550-1800
BW 90 AD-5	900	15,0	1600-2000
BW 100 ADM-5	1000	15,0	1650-2000
BW 90 SC-5	900	-/-	-/-
BW 100 SC-5	1060	-/-	1700-2000
BW 100 ACM-5	1000	15,1	-/-
BW 141 AD-5	1500	55,4	6900-8700
BW 154 AD-5	1680	-/-	8300-9900
BW 191 ADO-5	2000	105,0	13100-14300
BW 206 ADO-5	2135	-/-	13650-15700
BW 27 RH-4i pneumatic wheel	2040	95,0	8800-27000

The RASKAT plant from Rybinsk in 1971 mastered the production of a two-axis two-drum vibratory roller universal purpose DU 47.

ROAD ROAD ROLLER, a construction machine of cyclic action, designed for compacting soils and road surface materials during the construction, reconstruction and maintenance of roads, construction of dams, dikes, canals, etc. There are road rollers, manual, self-propelled, as well as trailed and semi-trailer (for a pneumatic wheeled tractor or tractor) with hydraulic, mechanical or combined drive.

Road rollers are classified according to the principle of operation, the type of working body, the number of axles (one-, two- and three-axle) and the number of rollers (one-, two- and three-roller).

According to the operating principle, road rollers are divided into static and vibration. Static road rollers compact soils by rolling, influencing the compacted material with static pressure depending on the mass of the roller; vibration - static and dynamic (periodic vibrations of one or several working bodies) effects. To create vibration, a vibration exciter is built into the drum, driven by the roller transmission. The use of vibration makes it possible to reduce the number of passes of a road roller along one track by 1.5-3 times, increase the thickness of the compacted layer (in some cases up to 1.5 m or more), and also compact coarse materials.

Based on the type of working body, road rollers (Fig.) with smooth rollers, pneumatic wheels, cam rollers, lattice rollers and combined rollers are distinguished. Road rollers with smooth metal rollers are designed for compacting asphalt concrete pavements, gravel and crushed stone and other materials. For soil compaction, pneumatic wheel, cam and lattice road rollers are more effective. Pneumatic wheel road rollers with a wheel load of about 5 tons can compact layers of subgrade and road pavement up to 30 cm thick. Cam road rollers are effective in compacting loose cohesive soils with a compacted layer thickness of no more than 22-30 cm. The lattice roller has a road drum shell in the form of a lattice made of cast metal elements. Such road rollers are used for compaction of both cohesive and non-cohesive lumpy soils with solid inclusions, which are crushed by the roller grid, which significantly improves the quality of compaction. Combined road rollers are equipped with working parts of various types. The most common road rollers are those with pneumatic wheels and a vibrating drum; such rollers provide the greatest versatility in terms of compacting various materials - from loam and asphalt concrete mixtures to coarse materials and sand.

Operating weight of road rollers 500-30000 kg; engine power 2-170 kW.

Lit.: Russian Encyclopedia self-propelled vehicles/ Edited by V. A. Zorin. M., 2001. T. 1.

Many construction and road types of work require special training soil or fill foundation. When covering roads and various areas with asphalt, compaction of the underlying and top layers is also required. To perform compaction and rolling operations of large areas, special construction machines– self-propelled road rollers.

Judging by the name, these machines should be used exclusively for road work. But the scope of their use is much wider - they work in quarries, arrangement of forested areas, equipment of sports facilities, construction railways and dams. Their operating conditions are very diverse, so they have been created different kinds rollers for soil compaction. According to the design of the working and chassis they are divided into:

1. single-roller
2. twin-roller
3. three-roller
4. self-propelled
5. manual
6. trailed (towed)

Their weight ranges from 150 kg (manual single-roller) to 30 -35 tons (two-roller self-propelled). This dispersion of masses is determined by the tasks assigned to the machines - some compact pedestrian paths or sports courtyards, others multi-lane highways or dams of hydraulic structures.

Single drum road rollers

Among manual and self-propelled rollers of small and medium weight greatest distribution received single-drum vibrating rollers. They are maneuverable, energy-rich and very effective when working on small areas. Their productivity is quite high due to the use of removable drums with smooth or textured working surfaces and vibration compaction systems with the ability to adjust operating modes.

Most single-drum machines are built according to the classical design scheme - the pneumatic motor part is located at the rear of the machine in combination with a control cabin and hydraulic pumps. The front part, which is a frame with a massive cylindrical drum - a roller, is hingedly connected to the motor part.

The drive is carried out both on the wheels and on the drum of the working body, so self-propelled road rollers do not slip even on wet surfaces and their working drums do not slip. The control system turns the rear and front parts using hydraulic cylinders, which allows you to effectively maneuver and process road sections with a large number of turns of the permissible radius of curvature.

For sealing road surface and preparing it before the passage of heavy two- or three-drum rollers that finally process the surface, an 8t road roller is used. These are one of the lightest self-propelled rollers, which nevertheless have a fairly powerful compaction load. They are much more maneuverable and economical than twin-drum vibratory rollers and do not require preliminary preparation before the passage.

They work immediately after the paver and prepare the surface for subsequent compaction. When operating on soils in vibration compaction mode, self-propelled vibrating rollers with smooth rollers weighing 6-8 tons can independently compact a layer of soil or bulk coating up to 40 cm thick.

Cam rollers for soil compaction are used in cases of heterogeneity of the underlying layer, the presence of inclusions of stones, large fractions of crushed stone, limestone, sandstone and other materials that are crushed by spikes on the surface of the roller and compacted into the base.
After processing the base with cam drums, smooth rollers are certainly used to level the surface and achieve uniform density throughout the entire volume.

Single-drum road rollers are driven using a mechanical or hydraulic transmission, designed for a travel speed of no more than 13-15 km/h in transport mode and up to 8 km/h in working mode. For these machines, operating efficiency is determined not by speed, but by the ability to impact the ground with maximum force. The transmission allows you to change the direction of movement very quickly and ensures a smooth ride. Jerks and accelerations are unacceptable here in order to avoid shifts of the upper layers of soil relative to the lower ones, which leads to heterogeneity in the structure of the compacted zone.

Double drum road rollers

Self-propelled road rollers with two working rollers are machines with a tandem arrangement of drums that also serve as propulsors. As a rule, the drive is carried out on both rollers using mechanical transmission or hydrostatic drive. Some models operate according to the scheme of static impact on the ground due to their large own mass. But self-propelled smooth road rollers of 13 tons are, as a rule, vibrating type machines.

With a not so large total mass, they very intensively compact soil layers and asphalt of the road surface through the use of vibration systems that can be adjusted both in amplitude and frequency of vibrations. Vibration is carried out through the rotation of an internal eccentric shaft with a mechanical or hydraulic drive.

A self-propelled road roller is a fairly comfortable machine for the operator. The cabins of modern rollers are equipped with air conditioning, have excellent sound insulation and a special suspension that protects the operator from vibration. Panoramic view, powerful lighting allow you to work at any time of the day, and driver safety is guaranteed special systems rollover protection.

The soil self-propelled road roller is equipped diesel engine average power. Despite the large mass of the car, 100 hp. quite enough for efficient work. A special transmission device converts all the power into confident movement of the machine at low speed and vibration of the rollers. Coefficient useful action these machines are extremely high.

Road rollers are a separate type of special equipment that is actively used during road construction or repair. Designed to compact certain layers of road surfaces. Road rollers are also used to compact the base under paving slabs or concrete screed. Modern road rollers have a wide variety of shapes and operating principles. All of them can be classified according to certain criteria.

Classification by type of movement

According to the principle of movement, it can be divided into two types:

1. Trailed - moved using another self-propelled mechanism. Most often, a trailed roller has a metal frame with one or two rollers. In most cases they are moved using tractors.
2. Self-propelled - are full-fledged vehicles. These rollers are driven by their own engine and have increased maneuverability compared to trailed rollers.

Due to the fact that self-propelled road rollers are more convenient to use, trailed rollers are practically no longer produced and can be seen less and less often.

Based on size and weight, rollers can be divided into the following types:

1. Lightweight – the weight of which does not exceed 6 tons. Such rollers are capable of distributing a load of no more than 40 kN/m. They are equipped with motors with power up to 20 kW. Similar rollers are used for sidewalks and platforms that will not be subject to heavy loads. In addition, it can be used for preliminary compaction of any road objects.
2. Medium - which are equipped with engines with a power of 20 to 30 kW. Weight ranges from 6 to 10 tons. Distributed load – from 40 to 60 kN/m. Used to seal most types of roads.
3. Heavy - heavy-duty, weighing more than 10 tons. They are equipped with engines that have a power of more than 30 kW. Heavy rollers are capable of distributing loads of more than 60 kN/m. They are used to compact layers of crushed stone or gravel, and they also compact asphalt or asphalt concrete pavements.

Classification by type of working body

The working parts of all road rollers are rollers.

All these rollers can be divided into the following types:

1. Smooth – metal cylinders that have a smooth surface. Smooth drum rollers are used to compact the asphalt and asphalt concrete layer.
2. Cam rollers are cylindrical rollers, which, unlike smooth ones, have certain protrusions. These projections are called cams. This is where the name of the rollers themselves comes from. Rollers with padded drums are often called soil rollers. Used to compact soil.
3. Lattice rollers are specific rollers that have a kind of metal grid on top of a smooth surface. Rollers with such rollers are also intended for rolling various types of soil.
4. Pneumatic – rollers that consist of several pneumatic wheels. These rollers are used to compact asphalt and asphalt concrete pavement roads.
5. Segmented - ordinary smooth rollers, which have special segments on the rim.
6. Compact – rollers that appearance very similar to cam ones. Compact rollers have a smaller width. The number of cams on compactor rollers is much less than on cam rollers.
7. Special – rollers, which are a combined type of several rollers. Such rollers are made exclusively to order to perform certain jobs using new or experimental technology.

Based on the number of rollers, rollers can be divided into:

1. Single-roller – equipped with only a roller on one side only. The other side of the roller is supported by wheels.
2. Double-roller - have two rollers at once, front and rear. Both rollers can be driving, or only one roll can be driving.
3. Three-rollers - have three rollers at once.

Classification by compaction method

Depending on the type of seal, it can be divided into two types:

1. Static – compaction occurs due to its own weight. The greater the weight, the better they can compact a certain layer of the road surface.
2. Vibratory rollers are the most modern road rollers, which compact not only due to their weight, but also due to small vertical vibration movements of the rollers. They are able to compact any material better with fewer penetrations. Used in road construction high class. Vibratory rollers cannot be avoided during the construction of airfields, ports and other facilities with increased load.

Which skating rink should you choose?

As you can see, the variety of road rollers is so great that not every road worker will be able to choose the right roller for certain purposes. Our company has all the main types of road rollers available for rent. If you are in doubt about your choice, call us. Our highly qualified specialists will select one that can complete all the assigned tasks.

It is not always necessary to rent the largest and most powerful skating rink. In most cases, in order to build a small road or asphalt a local area, a light or medium skating rink will be sufficient. Call us and we will not only select the optimal road roller for your purposes, but also provide the rental equipment with highly qualified operators. In addition, we always have other construction and road special equipment in stock, which together is capable of completing all assigned work in the shortest possible time.