For the transportation of goods, various types of transport are used depending on the size of the package, the duration of the journey, and the availability of the delivery location. But anyway important requirement is safety. It is ensured, among other things, by the reliability of fastening objects in the car body. This is in equally applies to both regular-sized cargo and large-sized goods. The solution to the safety problem is provided by the use of tightening belts.

Design features

Fastening systems can be produced in two main modifications depending on the type of fastener:

• polypropylene tapes with Velcro fasteners, which rely on the tensile force of the elastic material used;
• belts with a tensioning device and a clamp that is mechanically fixed along the perimeter line of the load.

In addition to the fastening mechanism, the quality of the tape is also important. It must be rigid and made of material that is resistant to harmful environmental influences. Tightening straps for securing cargo, they are made of steel and textiles.

The Velcro design is used under conditions of small temperature changes and changes in humidity parameters, as well as in the absence of vibration.

Velcro fasteners effectively secure small objects. However, over time, their adhesive qualities can change significantly. A higher degree of fixation is provided by belts with a spring lock. But compared to the next type of fastening, equipping the structure with a spring mechanism still loses.

Tightening straps equipped with a ratcheting mechanism are more reliable and effective methods fixation. This is achieved by design features:

• the tape used has high level wear resistance;
• the fitting, which serves as the main element, consists of a steel hook with a ring;
• The ratchet guarantees the required tightening quality.

Structure of the ratchet mechanism

Belt design of this type consists of two main elements. If the short part includes a fastening element and a latch for the internal plane of the machine, then the long section ends with a reliable ratchet mechanism.

The following components can be distinguished in this mount:

• ratchet equipped with a pawl – ensures reliability relative to unintended disconnection;
• a lock that covers the ratchet;
• rotating bar with a spring for adjusting the length of the fastening;
• base made of durable steel for fixing to the tape.

A ratcheting strap also features the use of rivets and staples to securely secure the ratchet. To adjust the length, you will have to use a movable loop.

Features of selection and use

To choose the right belt of the required design, you need to evaluate the weight and overall characteristics cargo, its shape, selected transportation conditions and preferred method of securing.

Fastening principles

The instructions for tensioning straps allow you to select several alternative ways fastenings:

• when the bottom surface of the machine is flat, when the load is fixed on a single pallet, it is advisable to use the lower holding method;
• in case of non-standard shape of the cargo and lack of packaging, the diagonal method is used;
• if it is impossible to secure the container to the sides, a “crosswise” fixation approach is recommended;
• It is advisable to fasten tall structures by combining several methods.

Determining the required width

The width is selected taking into account the dimensions of the horizontal plane through which the tensioning tape will be directed. The standard parameters of the modifications presented for sale are as follows: 25, 35, 50, 75, 100 mm, as can be seen in the photo of the tensioning belts.

The greater the width, the more secure the fixation. It is also necessary to evaluate the design features of the cargo. For example, to install oversized cargo It is recommended to take belts of at least 75 mm.

Length selection

It is recommended to choose one belt for fastening, since the use of several short structures sharply reduces reliability. Since an increase in the number of connecting points increases the risk of one of them breaking.

The total number and preferred length of straps depends on the perimeter of coverage. The distance to the hook or ring is also taken into account. The choice is also influenced by the ability to adjust the tension.

If the standard length of 3-6 m is suitable for individual transportation, then for heavy loads it is necessary to choose models 50-200 m. The total length parameter is determined taking into account some nuances:

Distance between adjacent strips. It is believed that for flat loads the gap should not be larger size one fixed largest package. For objects packed in film or having a round shape, this parameter is halved.

The combination fastening requires that the upper girth be made over a shorter surface. The free end should be twice the width of the tape.

Withstand force

The permissible load depends on the specific model. Most widespread We have received designs that can withstand a weight of 1-10 tons, although larger loads may require stronger belts of 20 tons. When purchasing, for example, a ring tie belt, you should also provide a safety factor with a factor of more than 2.

Transport conditions should also be taken into account. With frequent skidding while the vehicle is moving, the horizontal shear force increases, and in wet conditions the mobility of the load increases.

You shouldn't take any chances with used clamps either. After all, deformation of the fastening system reduces the degree of clamping by up to 50%, depending on its type.

The use of high-quality tightening belts will ensure reliable fastening goods during their transportation. Their selection is made taking into account the characteristics of the items being transported and transportation conditions.

Photo of tightening belts

The development of heavy-duty vehicles places special demands on the reliability of securing piece and packaged cargo: after all, only the lazy do not complain about the quality of roads in our country. Therefore, any product is sent on the road only after being carefully secured in the car van. For this purpose, special tightening belts are used. In most cases, they include a ratcheting mechanism, and therefore are sometimes called ratchet (from the English ratchet - ratchet).

Types and designs of tightening belts

Tightening straps for securing cargo are available in two varieties - in the form of elastic polypropylene tapes with Velcro fasteners (which allow you to create a fastening due to the tensile force of the material) and with a mechanical clamp along the perimeter of the circumference, which is provided by a tensioning device.

The tape itself is made of a more rigid textile material that is insensitive to external conditions of use. Thus, the second method, although structurally more complex, guarantees a constant tightening force, which does not depend on the factors accompanying the transportation of cargo.

• There are two types of tightening elastic bands - steel and textile. They can be used:
• With slight changes in humidity and temperature;
• In the absence of prolonged vibrations;

In addition, the adhesive ability of tie belts with Velcro fasteners varies greatly with time of use. Therefore, sometimes steel fasteners are also equipped with tension spring. However, the permissible tightening forces do not increase much.

Much more effective and versatile are tie-down straps for securing loads, equipped with ratcheting mechanisms.

1. Such devices include:
2. Wear-resistant tape, the parameters of which do not change when exposed to aggressive liquid media and other unfavorable factors.
3. The belt fixation unit is a fitting, which is a steel hook or ring. The performance qualities of the fitting are selected individually, depending on the belt tension created during packaging.

A ratchet or ratchet, which creates and maintains the necessary tightening force. A tightening belt with a ratchet usually has two parts: a shorter one, on which, in addition to the fastening element, there is also a belt clamp relative to inner surface

truck or car body, and a longer one, at the end of which a ratchet mechanism is mounted.

• The mechanism itself consists of the following parts:
• Toothed ratchet with a pawl, which protects the belt from spontaneous unfastening;
• A lock enclosing the ratchet;
• A rotating bar with a spring clamp, with the help of which the belt length is adjusted;

A steel base through which the ratchet is attached directly to the tension band. Fastening ratchet mechanism

It is made either with rivets or staples, which are equipped with permanent locks. This is a rigid mount, and adjustment of the length of the tightening belt is ensured by the presence of a movable loop on the short part of the device. Other methods of fixation - buckles, winches - in modern schemes

No tie belts are used.

Performance characteristics of ratcheting straps

1. The selection of belt size is made depending on the following conditions:
2. Weight and dimensions of cargo.
3. The nature of the cargo - long items, unit packages, bales, pallets, furniture, etc.
4. Transportation conditions - open platform, closed van, trailer, etc.

Accepted load securing scheme.

• The most commonly used mounting options are:
• From below, if the bottom of the truck is even and flat, and the loads themselves are packed on one pallet;
• Mixed (crosswise), if the edges of the pallet or the load itself are located close to the edge of the platform, and therefore cannot be secured over its sides;
• Combined - used when the cargo has significant height dimensions, as a result of which it cannot be secured to the side surfaces of the truck or trailer platform.

Tightening straps for securing loads are selected in the following sequence. First installed permissible width one belt, which should not exceed the width of the corresponding horizontal area through which the tensioning tape will pass. When choosing this characteristic, take into account that standard sizes The width of tensioning belts must be selected from the following range, mm: 25, 35, 50, 75, 100 (wider versions are usually produced to order).

At the next stage, the number and length of tie belts is selected. These characteristics depend on the maximum circumference of the load to be transported. The length of the lashing strap should also take into account the distance to the hook/ring and the ability to adjust the device so that the ratchet mechanism securely fixes the load.

The total length of the belt is determined based on the following considerations:

• The distance between adjacent belts cannot exceed largest size cargo This rule applies to flat surfaces. When packing cargo in protective polymer film, the distance must be reduced by at least half. The same applies to situations when fastening is carried out on uneven (oval, round, etc.) surfaces;
• When securing a load in combination, the upper girth of the ratchet should be along the short side, not the long side;
• The length of the free end of the belt must be at least twice its width in order for the ratchet mechanism to be convenient to use.

The standard belt length is considered to be in the range of 3...6 meters, but such designs are good for owners of individual vehicles. For heavy-duty transportation of heavy and oversized cargo, it is optimal to purchase tie-down belts in coils, which are produced with a total length of 50...200 m.

The last thing in the sequence (but the most important in essence) is the choice of the tension belt according to the permissible force. The limiting factor here is the textile tape, which may not withstand the forces encountered when transporting the load.

Tightening straps for securing loads are produced with the following values ​​of the greatest tightening force, kg: 1000; 2000; 3500; 5000; 7500; 10000. Taking into account the safety factor, the minimum permissible safety factor for force cannot be less than 2 (for used belts this value increases). When choosing a belt size according to its maximum load, take into account the following:

• When a truck or trailer skids on an uneven road (as well as when the car turns or suddenly brakes), the load is subjected to a horizontal shear force equal to half the total mass of the load;
• The mobility of cargo on a platform/pallet increases sharply in conditions of high humidity, since the coefficient of static friction on a dry platform averages 0.2...0.22, and on a wet platform - 0.3...0.35;
• Deformation of the elements of the ratcheting device reduces the clamping force by 40...50%.

Manufacturers and cost of tightening belts

The price of the devices in question depends on the width of the tape, its material, as well as the design of the ratchet. The ratcheting mechanism in HFS tensioning belts from German company SpanSet (or devices manufactured under license from this company). The ratchets in HFS belts have additional option control against possible weakening, which increases the safety of cargo transportation.

All ratchet parts must have anti-corrosion coating, and be made of high-quality steel (not duralumin!). The fastening elements – hooks and loops – must also be corrosion-resistant.

In the material certificate tension tape The results of testing for resistance to surface exposure to moisture and process oils must be provided.

After use, tensioning straps for securing loads must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and particles of material stuck in the teeth of the ratchet; these simple procedures extend the durability of the products.

Price range for tie down belts domestic production– from 50 to 200 rubles per lin. m. for belts with low load capacity and minimum width, from 250 to 500 rubles per linear. m. - for belts with the greatest width and permissible tension force (in this case, the reliability of the ratcheting mechanism does not depend on price). Imported products can be purchased at prices ranging from 700 to 1000 rubles per lin. m.

3 basic rules when working with tension belts:

1. The load to be secured must be firmly positioned on the platform. Apply if necessary additional funds to stabilize the load (mats, spacer bars or blocking bars).
2. Do not load the belts above the load limit (LC) indicated on the label.
3. Do not use the tie belt as a lifting or towing device.

When choosing, you should pay attention to:

• type, dimensions, weight and shape of the load, coefficient of friction between the load and the load surface (see Appendix), method of securing the load, angles of fastening the belts;
• type and design of fastening means;
• the presence of an information tag (label) containing information about the manufacturer, the length of this part (if the belt consists of 2 parts, each of them must have its own information tag); Load Capacity (LC), Pretension Force (STF), and Ratchet Handle Maximum Force (SHF)

The minimum quantity for the “snap-on” fastening method is 2 pieces.

The minimum quantity for the “anchor” fastening method is 4 pieces.

Before each use, tensioning belts should be inspected for damage. Do not use damaged belts! Typical damages are:

• cuts on the belt tape
• damage to connecting seams (stitching)
• deformation and corrosion of metal components (hooks, ratchet)

Temperature conditions for using the belt: from -35 0 C to +100 0 C.

When transporting goods with sharp edges or rough surfaces, additional protective equipment (pads, protective corners, etc.) should be used.

Hooks should only be attached to the specially designated attachment points in the vehicle body. The neck of the hook must be in full contact with the attachment point so that the main tension load falls on the neck of the hook.

Method of tensioning and releasing the tape in belts with a ratchet mechanism (ratchet):

When using tension belts, it is strictly prohibited:

• bending or twisting of the tape;
• attach hooks to tape or to other hooks or sides vehicle, not equipped with special eyes;
• use highly active chemical components to clean the belt;
• use a belt if there is visible deformation of the steel elements of the lock and hooks, their corrosion or deformation;
• use a belt whose tape or fibers are damaged more than 10% of the total belt width;
• use belts with damaged seams or the tape itself as a result of exposure to temperature or chemical elements;
• use belts with knots or tangled tape;
• use belts with missing or illegible information tags.

Only fully functional tensioning belts are allowed for use!

Remember! Improper securing of cargo can result in death of people, animals, or damage to other people's property.

For reference.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING LOAD (LC)

• LC (Loading Capacity) - the maximum permissible working load on the belt is the maximum permissible force that can be repeatedly applied to the belt without subsequent deformation. When securing the load using the cap method, this value doubles. Maximum Working Load (LC) - This should not be confused with the pre-tensioning force (STF) from the tensioning mechanism, which is used in load securing calculations.

PRE-TENSION FORCE (STF)

• The pretension force refers to the tension force transmitted from the tensioning element (ratchet mechanism) to the tensioning belt. The EN-12195-2 standard characterizes the pretension force as the force remaining in the tensioner after the ratchet handle is released. The lever transmission of the tension element generates the necessary tension forces. The tension force (STF) must be indicated on the tension belt label. It should be a minimum of 0.10 LC (10% of the working load) and a maximum of 0.5 LC (50%) of the tension belt. Values ​​exceeding 0.5 LC are not permissible. Tension force values ​​are given in daN.

STANDARD HAND FORCE (SHF)

• SHF is the nominal belt tension force. The EN-12195-2 standard requires when manual maintenance tension elements transmitting tension to the fastening belt with a manual force of 50 daN. Physical force is used to achieve the required fixation and pre-tensioning forces. Based on the requirements of ergonomics (the science of interaction between man and machine), the expended force is determined to be 50 daN. The standard hand force is indicated on the strap label.

We have our own belt production. This allows us to guarantee high quality goods, which is confirmed by a certificate.

Our production is aimed at producing sought-after and quality products, used in all climatic zones. Cargo securing straps produced by our company contribute to the reliable and safe transportation of various cargoes. Strict requirements oblige the use of certified and tested raw materials. The manufacturing process is automated and controlled at every stage.

The main material used to make the tape is polymers, which when heated take the form of the finest fibers. The use of polyester and multifilament threads allows for high strength with low weight. To provide high tensile strength, the fibers are woven in several ways.

We make ribbon from Russian and imported threads. Each batch of threads is tested in our production. Loads and thread thicknesses are checked.

For more than 10 years we have been cooperating with thread suppliers whose quality has proven themselves.

We make tapes from polyester threads - a durable material that is resistant to abrasion, static and dynamic loads.

The production of the next batch of belt tape undergoes a comprehensive check by the quality control department at our enterprise.

The stitching of the straps is carried out to standards that ensure a secure fit and is never altered.

We produce cargo securing straps in standard lengths: 2.5m, 3.6m, 4m, 5m, 6m, 8m, 10m, 12m, 15m, 18m and 20m.

We also produce belts non-standard length! Our employees will quickly calculate the belt size and load you require and help you make the right choice!

The width of our tapes varies from 2.5 to 10 centimeters

We install a special ratchet lock on the tape, which ensures its tension and fastening.

The basic principle of their operation is similar to the design of slings - the ends of the tape can be connected to each other or have hooks on both sides. Such belts allow you to secure even very large loads.

Delivery across Russia

Tightening straps for securing cargo from the DALI-auto company are delivered wholesale to all regions of the country. The cost is calculated according to standard tariffs transport companies. Users on personal cars They can receive goods by self-pickup. It is recommended to double-check the belts for the intended workload and voltage rating.

The modern realities of the world are saving time, money, resources and costs. And if just twenty or thirty years ago, the duties of a driver freight transport involved only the transportation of cargo from one point to another, then truck drivers of our time, as a rule, already forward their own cargo themselves. The concept of “forwarding” includes not only the safety of the goods, but also responsibility for its integrity, safety and absence of damage.

A modern forwarding driver is required to control the entire transportation process, which begins and ends with loading and unloading works. One of the main tasks in this case is to correctly and competently secure the luggage being transported on the trailer. tractor unit. A load securing belt provides invaluable assistance to the truck driver in this matter.

Load securing

You can secure the load on the trailer different ways. The fastening method and type of fixation usually depend on the load itself and the type of trailer. In hard closed vans frame type As a rule, spacers or special curtains are used. But on platform trailers of both standard and low load, tension belts are installed mainly.

For especially oversized and heavy weights, chains are also used. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. For some types of cargo, only chains are used; more fragile pallets are secured with belts. It should also be added that to secure luggage inside tent trailers, as a rule, a belt is used to secure the load or a combined method of securing.

What is a belt?

Belt ties are a coil of textile tape made of polyamide, polypropylene or polyester. Any fabric made from durable synthetic fibers can be used as additional additives or other base material. On the one hand, these ties demonstrate excellent wear resistance, and on the other hand, they have sufficient elasticity to use the belt for securing cargo as a reliable and in a safe way securing transported utensils. With their help, they carry out both commercial and industrial transportation of various types of cargo, for example: building materials, lumber, rolled metal, bulk cargo in bags, furniture, equipment, double-glazed windows, building structures, prefabricated pallets, mechanisms and household appliances.

Characteristics

Each belt for securing cargo is selected by the forwarding driver based on two main characteristics: its length and the limit of the applied load. Ties also differ in the width of the tape, the presence (absence) of a tension mechanism and its type. The standard length of the tape is six, eight, ten or twelve meters. The breaking load on such a tension belt for securing cargo generally does not exceed 20 thousand kgf, and the standard width of the belt ranges from 25 to 150 mm. Some trading companies They sell such tapes in coils of 50, 100, 200 m or more in length. This option is suitable for securing cargo along the length of a trailer (or semi-trailer) or for replacing worn belts, but with fastenings and tightening mechanisms that are still serviceable.

Belt tightening

However, simply tying a belt around a load is not enough. Firstly, the forwarding driver needs to carefully think through the strapping scheme for the luggage being transported. There are various factors to consider here. During sharp braking, the load should not fall forward and pierce the tractor cabin, and on an ascent, it should not slide onto the following vehicle. When driving on uneven asphalt or rough terrain, it is necessary to keep the load from any longitudinal and lateral displacement. There are also non-standard transportations and cargo with shifted centers of gravity.

Secondly, the driver needs to tighten the belts so as to firmly fix the load in place, eliminating its potential movement. And here the mechanisms for securing the load strap come to the rescue.

Tension devices

There are few options here. You can tighten the straps with your hands using muscle strength. In this case, they are fixed to the end fastening elements, i.e., with rings and hooks to the sides, trawls, as well as to any other surfaces of the trailer. This type of fastening is suitable for light loads, and their transportation should be carried out on a tilt platform or on a rigid frame van trailer to avoid the load itself tipping onto the roadway.

However, the bulk of the transported goods flow is fixed on belts for securing cargo with tension mechanism. Typically, this is a ratchet type device with mechanical protection from unlocking, better known as "ratchet" or "ratchet". Less popular are winches and are practically no longer used.

Belt versatility

At this point in time tension belt for securing cargo with a mechanical ratchet tensioner - the most popular way of securing transported luggage. Except for drivers heavy vehicles, they are used quite often by owners passenger vehicles during transportation open method usually on the roof rack.

Truck drivers are also happy to use this type of securing of transported goods. The straps firmly and reliably fix the luggage, while delicately squeezing the load from all sides, causing minimal damage to the packaging. They are resistant to impact technical fluids such as oil, gasoline, kerosene, various ethylene glycol antifreezes and other chemicals. Modern belts allow you to keep quite high loads to tear and do not change their original length when wet or frozen, which makes them possible to use at any time of the year and under different weather conditions.