The first model range of the Volkswagen Transporter is the prototype of modern minibuses, family minivans and commercial vehicles. The new type of transport, designed in Germany, quickly gained its recognition thanks to:

increased number of seats;
the possibility of removing additional passenger seats.

The mass import of this transport to Russia began in 2002, so the most recognizable models are the Volkswagen Transporter T3. Modern modifications of minivans are well known throughout the post-Soviet space due to their use as a commercial (for the transportation of small loads), family cars and minibuses.

The history of the creation of the Volkswagen Transporter

The Dutchman Ben Pon can be considered the author of this invention. Visiting a manufacturing plant in Wolfsburg in 1947 and seeing a car platform, he soon offered his own sketches. Already in 1949, the car was presented at a conference, and less than a year later, in 1950, the serial production of the Volkswagen Transporter T1 began.

In the post-war years, for the revival of the country's economy, he became an indispensable worker, so the creators did not stop producing it, analogues of the Volkswagen Transporter appeared.

Volkswagen Transporter T1

Produced in 1950-1967. During this period, production was established in Brazil, where the first modification was produced until 1975 and was intended for the domestic market.

The Beetle model was taken for the supporting structure with numerous changes: the frame with the central tunnel was replaced by a body with a multi-link frame support. The transmission was taken from the VW Beetle, some components and appearance have undergone changes: the windshield is double, the door is sliding.

The first models were equipped with engines from the "Beetle" 25 hp. with., and the carrying capacity was 860 kg. In cars produced since 1954, they began to install power units with a capacity of 30-44 liters. with., which, with a slight modification of the design, made it possible to increase the permissible weight for transportation up to 930 kg.

Volkswagen Transporter T2

The first model was replaced by the Volkswagen Transporter T2, which was produced from 1967 to 1979. In the second model, much remains of its predecessor in terms of chassis and powertrain. The design was slightly changed: a one-piece windshield was installed, the cab became more ergonomic and spacious.

During the entire production time, the chassis was also modernized:

Since 1968, a 2-circuit braking system has appeared.
In 1970, brakes were installed on the front axle.
1972 - installed a V-1.7 l 66 hp power unit. sec., which allowed the use of a 3-speed automatic transmission.
1975 - the models are produced with engines W 50 and 70 HP. with. V-1.6 and 2 liters.

Volkswagen Transporter T3

Years of release - 1979-1992, after which the production of this model was established in South Africa. If the first 2 modifications have a lot in common, then T3 included quite a lot of new developments, the appearance was changed as much as possible:

a steeper roof slope appeared;
a black plastic radiator grill was used;
the wheelbase has increased by 60 mm, the width - by 120 mm.

European manufacturers pay a lot of attention to the comfort of both driver and passengers. Therefore, automation innovations were proposed:

window lifters;
adjustment of external mirrors;
headlight cleaning;
rear wipers;
heated seats;
air conditioning;
central locking.

Four-wheel drive has been installed on the Volkswagen Transporter since 1985. A year later, the installation of an ABS system was offered for an additional fee.

Another version of the T3 appeared as the Transporter Syncro: the interior was completely VW-like, while the exterior was borrowed from a 1965 military van. The development of this model, which began in 1971, ended only in 1985; a permanent drive based on a viscous coupling, which is used in all modern cars, was installed in it.

The exterior and interior of the car have been improved, which has determined the division of models into business classes. This is the last modification with the engine still in the back.

Volkswagen Transporter T4

Years of production - 1990-2003. In 1991, they began to install motors with a volume of 1.8; 2.0; 2.5 liters. To increase the traction power, diesel engines with a volume of 1.9 and 2.4 liters went into circulation. A year later, the installation of a 1.8 L carburetor engine was discontinued, it was replaced by 4- (1.9; 2.0 L) and 5-cylinder (2.4; 2.5 L) engines. By 1996, the power of the motors was increased:

gasoline - 2.8 VR6;
diesel - 2.5 TDI.

A color indicator system was even developed to indicate the power: at the end of the TDI marking, the letter I changed color, indicating:

blue - 88 liters. with.;
gray - 102 l. with.;
red - 151 liters. with.

Body modifications also appeared:

The basic model is a closed cab with an open body.
Glazed back door, slamming shut.
The back door is hinged.
Cargo-passenger model with 2 x 2 seats + covered body.

The passenger version was produced in 2 modifications:

The budget is Caravelle. There are 3 folding rows of seats, sliding doors. The rear seats are quick-detachable, allowing you to transform the body into a cargo compartment.
Business - Multivan. 1 and 2 rows of rear seats are turned towards each other, between them a folding table. Seats 2 rows not only move, but also rotate around their axis. The highest quality plastic is used. There is a possibility of installing a refrigerator.
Comfort - Vestfalia / California. It is a residential mobile home. Equipped with a lifting roof, gas stove, refrigerator, wardrobes, dry closet, etc. There are several modifications in this series.

Against the background of economical fuel consumption (6-7 l / 100 km), the volume of the Volkswagen Transporter tank is 80 liters.

Volkswagen Transporter T5

Modern cars that are still being produced. Start of production - 2003. Technically, the model has been improved:

Diesel engines are equipped with pump injectors.
An exhaust gas afterburning system was developed, a turbocharger was installed, which increased the efficiency and degree of gas purification.
5 and 6-cylinder engines work with automatic transmission.
In 2007 models, the wheelbase was increased to 5.29 meters.

Thanks to a new engine design and built-in neutralization catalysts, the T5 and all subsequent models meet the EURO-5 emission standard for environmental friendliness.

Volkswagen Transporter T6

The interior has changed, in addition to the characteristic features of the shape, a chrome finish has appeared, the shape of small parts has changed, making them more ergonomic. But the most important advantage of the Volkswagen Transporter T6 is the automated system, which largely determines the comfort and, accordingly, the cost of the car.

The new models are no longer equipped with engines of 1.9 and 2.4 liters, they are successfully replaced by 2.0 liter units, which reduces fuel consumption of Volkswagen Transporters (diesel corresponds to 84-180 hp, thanks to the turbocharging system, which increases efficiency). For motors 180 hp with. a double turbine is installed.

Throughout the entire production cycle, the developers strived to make the machine economical. Volkswagen Transporter fuel consumption rates vary depending on the model and type of engine. For gasoline type with volume:

2.0 l 85 l. with. - 11.1 l / 100 km in the city and 8 l / 100 on the highway;
2.5 l 115 l. with. - 12.5 l / 100 km in the city and 7.8 l / 100 km on the highway;
2.8 l 140 (204) l. with. - 13.2 l / 100 km in the city and 8.5-9 l / 100 km on the highway.

While diesel models are more efficient and economical, modern modifications with a capacity of 140-180 liters. with. consume 7.7 l / 100 km in urban mode and 5.8 l / 100 km on the highway.

Conclusion

The design and weight distribution of the first car was very successful, which has been preserved in all subsequent modifications. The cargo platform is located between the axles, the uniform weight distribution of the vehicle relative to the axles provides an equal load both with a loaded and empty vehicle.

On the basis of the Volkswagen Transporter 4 x 4, the following are manufactured:

trucks with a covered cab and an open body;
ambulances;
fire brigade vehicles;
vans;
campers with imitation of household equipment;
comfortable buses with the number of seats for passengers from 9 pcs.

In fact, the Volkswagen Transporter with a body became the ancestor of commercial vehicles.

Video: The History of the Volkswagen Transporter - Documentary

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The Volkswagen Transporter is one of the most reliable cars in the minivan niche. The car is considered to be a successor of the Kafer car, which was previously produced by a German company. Thanks to its sophisticated design and unique technical characteristics, the Volkswagen Transporter has become extremely popular around the world.

This car has undergone rather modest changes and almost did not succumb to the influence of time. The Volkswagen Transporter family is VW's largest representative. The vehicle is offered in Multivan, California and Caravelle versions. The whole.

Car history

Dutch VW importer Ben Pon was responsible for the idea of the Transporter car project. On April 23, 1947, he noticed a car platform at the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg, which was built by workers on the basis of the Beetle. Ben thought that during the rebuilding of European countries after World War II, a machine for transporting small things might be of great interest.

After Pon showed his own developments to the CEO (at that time he was Heinrich Nordhof), and he agreed to bring the idea of the Dutch specialist to life. By November 12, 1949, the Volkswagen Transporter 1 was presented at an official press conference.

Volkswagen Transporter T1 (1950-1975)

The debut minivan family was launched into production back in 1950. After the first months of operation, the conveyor produced about 60 cars every day. An enterprise based in Germany, in the city of Wolfsburg, was responsible for the construction of new products. The model received a gearbox from the VW Beetle. However, unlike the "beetle", in the 1st Transporter, instead of the frame of the central tunnel, a load-bearing body was used, the support of which was a multi-link frame.

The debut minivans lifted a load no heavier than 860 kilograms, however, produced since 1964, they already transported luggage weighing 930 kilograms. The Beetle also handed over to the Transporter four-cylinder power units with rear-wheel drive. At that time, they developed 25 horsepower. The car is very simple, however, it was he who was supposed to conquer the whole world.

After some time, they began to install more modern motors, which already had a capacity of 30 to 44 horses. A 4-speed gearbox was originally responsible for the transmission, however, since 1959, the car has been equipped with a fully synchronized gearbox. The car was equipped with drum brakes.

It was possible to highlight the external appearance with a massive VW logo and a windshield divided into 2 equivalent parts. The driver's and passenger doors received sliding glass. In March (8th) of 1956, the production of a family car was launched at the new Hanover enterprise Volkswagen, where the first generation was assembled until 1967, when many motorists around the world were able to contemplate the successor model - T2. It turned out to be surprisingly successful.

During the 25-year life cycle of the T1 model, it has undergone a considerable number of modifications. We raised the carrying capacity, made specialized passenger versions, equipped it with camping equipment. On the platform of the first generation of VW, ambulances, police and others were created.

When the serial production of the "passenger car" Beetle was well debugged, VW was able to concentrate the gaze of its own engineering staff on the design of the second car of the lineup. So the world saw a versatile small truck called the Tour2, which had the main structural components from the Beetle - the same air-cooled powertrain at the rear, the same suspension on all wheels and the familiar bodywork.

A little earlier, we mentioned Ben Pone, who literally got fired up with the idea of releasing small trucks, however, he was not alone. Bavarian specialist Gustav Mayer, in the literal sense of the word, devoted his whole life to minivans.

The German began to work at the Volkswagen plant in 1949. At that time, he had already gained authority for himself, and such that he was called a talent from God. It didn't take long before he became the chief designer of the VW cargo department.

Since that time, all the brand new Transporter modifications have gone through it. With his own hands, he has diligently built up a good reputation for the T line. For the first time VW decides to subject its cars to wind tunnel tests! Based on the data obtained, certain elements of the car were developed.

In the first generation of minivans, the design staff decided to use one of the innovative solutions: to divide the body into 3 zones - into the driver's cab, the cargo compartment, the volume of which was 4.6 cubic meters, and the engine department.

In the standard configuration, the "truck" had double doors on only one side, however, if necessary, doors were installed on both sides. Due to the fact that there was a large distance between the axles, the location of the power unit and the transmission device at the rear of the car, the engineering staff managed to create a vehicle with an ideal weight distribution (the rear and front axles were loaded in a 1: 1 ratio).

Despite this, the location of the engine in the copies of the first issues was not entirely successful, since it did not allow them to have a tailgate. However, since 1953, the luggage compartment door nevertheless appeared, which greatly facilitated the loading and unloading of the truck.

As we wrote above, the power unit had an air-cooled motor. This was a significant advantage, since the drivers experienced a minimum amount of difficulties because of this - it did not freeze, did not overheat.

This is partly why the model has become popular in the global automotive market. T1 was successfully bought in tropical countries, as well as in the Arctic. Good dynamic performance stood out as an advantage: with luggage weighing about 750 kilograms, the minivan could accelerate to 80 kilometers per hour. Fuel consumption did not exceed 9.5 liters per 100 kilometers.

A real breakthrough in this car was the presence of a serial heating stove. The distance between the power unit and the driver's cab was rather big, it was difficult to heat it with engine heat. Therefore VW ordered an independent heating system for the first generation from Eberspacher.

By the end of the spring of 1950, a combined bus and an eight-seater passenger bus were produced. Both variations of the vehicle can be easily transformed into a cargo-passenger version by means of a removable seat structure or by changing their position.

The following year, Volkswagen began producing a passenger variant of the Samba Transporter, which is gaining popularity due to its two-tone body paint, removable tarpaulin roof, 9 passenger seats, 21 windows (8 of which are installed on the roof) and a lot of chrome in the elements of the car. Samba's dashboard has separate niches for installing radio equipment (which for the 1950s was something incomprehensible to the mind).

In the following years, the Germans managed to release another variation of the vehicle with an onboard platform. Thanks to this design, it was possible to free up a considerable part for bulky cargo. In 1959, the concern released the Transporter 1 with a loading platform, which was 2 m wide.

It was possible to choose among all-metal, wood and combined structures. The elongated cab allowed a group of workers from various services to travel comfortably to tasks, and the cargo platform (length 1.75 m) was used to transport tools, equipment, or building materials.

Together with the release of the mass version of the Transporter, a police and fire variation was developed on its platform. The T1 platform made it possible to create a "home on wheels" by Westfalia. The production of such "houses" began at the enterprise in 1954.

It turns out that already in those years it was possible to travel with the whole family or with friends around the world, enjoying the beauty of the surrounding nature. The set of equipment for the new "home" included one table, several chairs, a bed, a wardrobe and various other household items. When folded, all the elements were securely fastened and packed, which ensured their transportation without danger and without problems.

It is nice that the complete set of mobile "houses" had a sun canopy-roof, with the help of which it was possible to create your own private veranda.

During 1950, the plant produced only 10 minivans, which was clearly not enough given their popularity. Therefore, VW decided to ramp up production of the model. In the fall of the 54th, the assembly line of the Wolfsburg enterprise produced its one hundred thousandth car.

In order to fully satisfy the market demand, the Germans expanded their own production by building a new enterprise, but already in the German city of Hanover. The plant started production of serial minibuses in 1956. Already at the newly-made enterprise in the same year, it was possible to produce the 200,000th minibus.

The next 5 years only added to the popularity of Bulli, so by the beginning of autumn, 500,000 copies had already been released. As of October 1962, the company announces the production of the millionth minivan. The first T1 family was in great demand in America - the model is often attributed to the Hippie generation. The T1 did not change significantly in terms of appearance until the summer of 1967.

Volkswagen Transporter T2 (1967-1979)

At the end of 1967, the time came for the 2nd Volkswagen Transporter family. At that time, about 1,800,000 copies left VW plants. The T2 minibus was developed by the designer Gustav Mayer, who saved the platform from the TUR2 Bulli, however, decided to supplement it with a large number of cardinal changes.

T2 has grown in size, has become more reliable, durable and attractive. It is important that the running characteristics, together with the ease of control, were able to step on the heels of the characteristics of passenger cars. This result was achieved thanks to the competent selection of the front wheels and excellent weight distribution along the axles.

If we talk about appearance, then it has become modern. Safety also increased - instead of a 2-section windshield, panoramic glass was installed. The power unit was left in the rear of the car, as well as the drive. Mayer proposed for the second generation a list of boxer power units, the working volume of which was 1.6-2.0 liters (47-70 "horses"). The car is now equipped with a reinforced rear suspension and a dual-circuit braking system.

The new generation minivan could accelerate to speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour. The number of its modifications has increased. In the 1970s, a real breakthrough in car tourism began in European countries, therefore, numerous models of the second family began to be converted into mobile homes. Since 1978, the first all-wheel drive modification of the Transporter 2 has been produced.

It was the Volkswagen Transporter 2 that became the debut car, which had a sliding door to the side - an element without which it is simply impossible to imagine any vehicle in the minivan class today.

Since 1971, Volkswagen began to expand its Hanoverian plant, which made it possible to increase the number of copies produced. In one year, the plant assembled 294,932 vehicles. The second generation of the minibus fell on the anniversary cars of two and three million.

This eloquently testifies to the fact that the Transporter reached the apogee of its relevance and popularity precisely during the period of the release of the second family. The company's management understood that a single enterprise would not be enough to meet the increasing demand for cars, therefore, the Germans launched the production of the famous minibus at their own production facilities in various countries, such as Brazil, Mexico and South Africa.

The second generation Volkswagen was produced in German factories for 13 years (1967-1979). Interestingly, since 1971, the model has been produced in the form of an improved T2b. From 1979 to 2013, this model was produced in Brazil.

Following the modification of the roof, interior, bumpers and other body components, the name changed to T2c. In Brazil, the plant produced a limited edition, equipped with diesel engines. Beginning in 2006, the South American division ceased production of air-cooled motors. Instead, a 1.4-liter inline power plant was used, which produced 79 horsepower.

This forced to change the stereotyped front of the minivan and install a false radiator grille on it to cool the engine radiator. By the end of 2013, the release of T2b, T2c and their modifications was finally stopped. Until then, the car was sold in two trim levels - a 9-seater minibus and a panel van.

Volkswagen Transporter Т3 (1979-1992)

The next, third generation was presented in 1979. The minibus had many engineering innovations in the "hodovka" and power units. The third generation of the "truck" received a more roomy and less rounded body.

The design solution fully corresponded to the constructivism that existed at that time (by the end of the 1970s). The body did not have complex surfaces, the functionality of the panels improved and the overall body rigidity increased.

It was from the third family of the Transporter that Volkswagen began to focus on anti-corrosion bodywork. Most of the body parts were made of galvanized steel sheets. The number of paint layers has reached six.

Initially, motorists perceived the novelty rather dryly, since the technical component did not meet their expectations. Of course, the air-cooled powertrain was too simple. By the way, the engine did not stand out in power either, because a 50 or 70-horsepower engine did not have enough agility to make an almost one and a half ton car spirited.

Only a few years later, the 3rd generation of the Transporter began to be supplied with a water-cooled gasoline engine, as well as the first mass engine in the history of the Transporter operating on diesel fuel.

Following this, interest in the new product began to gradually recover. In 1981, the company released the T3 version with Caravelle in the name. The salon has acquired a nine-seater layout, velor trim and 360-degree rotating seats.

The model was distinguished by rectangular headlights, more voluminous bumpers and plastic body trims. Four years later (in 1985) the Germans showed their "brainchild" in the Austrian Schladming. The vehicle was named T3 Syncro and was equipped with all-wheel drive.

Gustav Mayer himself confidently spoke about the reliability of the all-wheel drive model, who made an advertising run across the Sahara desert on it without serious breakdowns. This option could be appreciated by all motorists who needed an unpretentious four-wheel drive minibus.

The T3 was equipped with a wide range of power units, which consisted of 1.6 and 2.1 liter (50 and 102 horsepower) gasoline engines and 1.6 and 1.7 liters (50 and 70 horsepower) diesel engines. ).

When the Volkswagen Transporter 3 was discontinued in 1990, a whole era of minivans ended. As in the 74th the famous "Beetle" was replaced with a radically different design, "Golf", so the T3 gave way to its successor.

Volkswagen Transporter Т4 (1990-2003)

In August 1990, a completely unusual front-wheel drive Transporter T4 was presented. The minibus was special in almost everything - the engine was in front, the drive went to the front wheels, water cooling was installed, the center distance changed depending on the modification. Initially, fans of past generations spoke negatively about the new product.

However, this did not last long and it soon became clear that the life of the Volkswagen Transporter T4 is a history of fundamental changes. Accustomed to the unusual performance of the T4, buyers in car dealerships were already lining up for the novelty. Not without the help of the frontal position of the power unit and front-wheel drive, the manufacturer managed to seriously increase the capacity of the minibus, which, in turn, opened up new horizons for building various types of vans on the T4 platform.

From the very beginning, the company decided to release the fourth generation of the car in the modification of the Transporter and the comfortable Caravelle, where the interior was designed specifically for the comfortable transportation of passengers.

After some time, the number of minibuses of various brands began to grow on the world market, so the company returned to its cars, producing the California passenger car on the Caravelle platform, which was distinguished by a more expensive interior and an expanded range of colors.

But California turned out to be not so in demand, so in 1996 it was replaced by the Multivan, which was in almost everything similar to a truck, but had a more luxurious and comfortable interior decoration.

The very first models of the Multivan T4 had 24-valve V-shaped six-cylinder engines with a volume of 2.8 liters, which produced 204 horsepower. Perhaps this was one of the most important reasons why the 4th generation achieved such popularity.

Optionally Multivan was equipped with a computer, telephone and fax. The model was short-wheelbase and could accommodate up to 7 people. At the same time, when the Multivan T4 was being produced, the Germans improved the Caravelle T4, which already had new lighting equipment and a slightly redesigned front end.

All metal elements of the interior are covered with plastic, which was fitted so well that it did not creak or dangle. The seats can be folded in literally 10 minutes, and then the car turns into a cargo one.

The passenger versions had 2 heaters. The interior was equipped with armchairs facing each other, with a folding table between them. The layout of the cabin provides for the presence of cup holders and pockets for storing various items.

There is a slide for the middle row of seats. The seats received armrests and individual three-point seat belts. Optionally, instead of any of the seats in the second row, you can install a refrigerator (about 32 liters in volume). The second version of the "cartoon" began to have several ceiling lamps more lighting.

Speaking of technical equipment, it should be said that the car was sold with 4 and 5-cylinder engines of 1.8 and 2.8 liters (68 and 150 "horses"), which functioned both on gasoline and diesel fuel.

After the 97th year, the list of engines began to be replenished with 2.5-liter turbodiesels, where there was a direct injection system. Such power units produced 102 horsepower. Since 1992, the T4 line has been supplemented by the Syncro modification, which featured an all-wheel drive system.

The conveyor production of the Transporter T4 was carried out until 2000, after which it was replaced by the 5th family. During the entire production period, the model received several awards and honorary titles.

Volkswagen Transporter Т5 (2006-2009)

Since 2000, Volkswagen began mass production of the 5th generation of the Transporter. From that moment on, the company began to develop production in several directions at once: cargo - T5, passenger - Caravelle, tourist - Multivan and intermediate cargo and passenger - Shuttle.

The last variant was a mixture of a T5 truck and a passenger Caravelle and accommodated 7 to 11 passengers. The 5th generation car has increased carrying capacity and expanded the range of power units.

There are a total of 4 diesel engines to choose from, ranging from 86 horsepower to 174 horsepower, and only a couple of petrol engines developing 115 and 235 horsepower.

5th generation models have 2 wheelbases, 3 body heights and 5 load compartment sizes. Like the previous generation, the T5 has a frontal transverse motor arrangement. The gear lever was moved to the dashboard.

The Volkswagen Multivan T5 is the first of its kind to feature side airbags.

The comfort level of the Multivan T5 has increased significantly. The most important element was the emergence of the Digital Voice Enhancement system, which gives passengers the opportunity to conduct a conversation using a microphone without raising their voices - the entire conversation will be broadcast to the speakers installed in the cabin.

On top of that, the suspension was changed - now it has become fully independent, whereas before the rear wheels were damped by springs. In general, from an expensive commercial minibus, the Multivan T5 has turned into a top-class minivan.

A tow truck and an armored car are also produced on the 5th generation platform. The latter, in turn, received armored body panels, bulletproof glass, additional locking mechanisms in the doors, an armored sunroof, battery protection, an intercom and a fire extinguishing system for the power unit.

As a separate option, an anti-splinter protection of the bottom, a bracket for a weapon and a box for transporting valuables are installed. Such a machine has a lifting capacity of 3,000 kilograms.

The equipment of the tow truck provides for the presence of a descending aluminum chassis, an aluminum platform, spare wheels, 8 sockets, a mobile winch with 20 meters of cable. This machine received a carrying capacity of up to 2,300 kilograms.

The fifth generation of the Transporter has become safer, as the design department has paid sufficient attention to this criterion. Cargo modifications have only the ABS system and airbags, while the passenger versions already have ESP, ASR, EDC.

The German company Volkswagen in August 2015, finally, officially presented the sixth generation of the Transporter and its passenger version with the name Multivan. The range of engines was supplemented with modernized diesel engines.

Thanks to the change of generation, the car received an external restyling. Also, changes have affected the interior decoration, an expanded list of electronic assistants has appeared.

Appearance VW T6

If we compare the model with the previous generation, then it differs in a modified nose part of the body, where there is a reduced grille, other headlights in the style of the concept version of the Volkswagen Tristar, as well as a luggage compartment lid, which has a small spoiler.

Of course, the novelty has become more modern, fashionable and respectable. However, if you look at it from a different angle, you can see already established forms and similarities with past models. The German company once again pays tribute to tradition and is scrupulous about design changes.

All cars of the company change outwardly little by little, however, they retain their already familiar beauty. On the front passenger side, a sliding door is provided, which is included in the basic package, and a sliding driver's door can be installed as an option.

The T6 is based entirely on the T5, which has been complemented by a Dynamic Control Cruise chassis with three modes - Comfort, Normal and Sport. There is also a cruise control, an automatic braking system after an accident, smart headlights that can automatically switch the high beam to the low beam when detecting oncoming traffic.

In addition, there is an assistant when descending from the mountain (optional), a service that analyzes the driver's fatigue and the driver's voice when broadcasting from the speakers. The car has an all-wheel drive system, which provides for a rear differential lock.

It's nice that the clearance was increased by 30 millimeters. In addition, the novelty has a streamlined front end with an abundance of interesting sharp edges.

VW T6 salon

It is very pleasant that the 6th generation salon is spacious, comfortable and cozy. It evokes only positive emotions, thanks to high-quality finishing materials, meticulous assembly and excellent ergonomic components throughout.

Not without a compact functional steering wheel, a highly informative panel with a color display, a front panel with an abundance of compartments and cells, a multimedia system with a 6.33-inch color display that supports music, navigation, Bluetooth, SD memory cards. I was pleasantly pleased with the installation of a door closer for the luggage compartment doors.

The interior features a two-tone interior with contrasting seams, leather-wrapped multifunction steering wheel and gear lever, and piped textile floor mats. All this is very pleasing to the eye. German designers have done a great job. The heated seats and the Climatronic system ensure a comfortable temperature inside the vehicle.

The display installed on the center console was surrounded by special sensors that automatically detect the approach of the driver's or passenger's hand to the screen and adapt it to the input of information. In addition, they recognize gestures and allow you to perform certain operations in the infotainment system, for example, switching music tracks.

The seats are better and are now 12-way adjustable. Only the weak noise insulation does not shine (however, the VW rivals are not doing better) and the creaking of plastic elements when driving over bumps.

Specifications VW T6

Power unit

A potential buyer may think that in reality the Volkswagen T6 is not that new. However, it is not necessary to judge only by the external appearance. The technical component has changed dramatically.

The engine compartment received two-liter EA288 Nutz power units, developing 84, 102, 150 and 204 horses. There is also a turbocharged petrol version with a similar volume, which produces 150 or 204 horses.

All motors meet Euro-6 environmental standards and come with Start / Stop technology as standard. Fuel consumption has dropped by an average of 15 percent compared to the previous generation.

Transmission

Synchronized power plants with a 5-speed manual gearbox, or with a 7-range robotic DSG gearbox.

Suspension

There is a full-fledged independent spring suspension, which contributes to more comfortable driving. Installed more energy-intensive shock absorbers.

Brake system

All wheels are equipped with disc brakes. The brakes were able to pleasantly surprise. Already the basic version includes not only ABS, but also the electronic stabilization system ESP.

Price and configuration

You can buy a new Volkswagen Transporter T6 in the Russian Federation from 1,920,400 rubles for the basic configuration. In Germany, the commercial variation is estimated at around 30,000 euros, and the passenger Multven around 29,900 euros.

In the basic configuration, the minibus is equipped with stamped 16-inch wheels, two front airbags, an automatic post-accident braking function, a hydraulic power steering, ABS, EBD, ESP, a pair of electric windows, an air conditioning system, audio preparation, and more.

Also (in other trim levels) there is a considerable list of equipment, where you can include adaptive suspension, LED headlights, an advanced multimedia system, 18-inch alloy wheels and so on.

Crash test

Quite frankly, finding a “live” and accurately restored T2 is more difficult than finding a T1. At first glance, this is strange: this minibus is later, and a record number of them were produced - the production of T2 in Brazil was completed only in 2013. This is from 1967! However, to begin with, let's figure out what exactly T2 is, because many people confuse T2, T3 and their modifications. For example, you can find good articles about T3, where the author is sincerely convinced that he is writing about T2. It happens, and here's why.

In 1950, the first T1, aka Kleinbus, rolled off the Wolfsburg conveyor. Production in Europe ended in 1966, but the important thing is this: during the production process, the bus was often modernized, which eventually resulted in a new model index: Volkswagen Type 2 (T1). That is, it remained T1, but at the same time it became Type 2. Further - worse: the next generation was logically named T2, while it was already Type 2. Thus, Volkswagen T2 Type 1, and then T3 Type 1 did not exist in nature ... It seems to be sorted out with T1, T2 and T3, but the plant in Mexico once again ruined everything in 1997, when, after an 18-year hiatus, it started production of T2 again, although in a more civilized world they had been riding T4 for seven years.

One thing pleases: in Mexico a little later, T2 was completely disfigured like a god of a turtle, so it is easy to distinguish it from other T1 and T2, mainly by its simply disgusting plastic lining instead of the immodest VW badge on the "face" of the bus. Such a monstrous interference with the cute look of the Transporter is due to the introduction of a liquid-cooled diesel engine in 2005, because the old air-cooled engines by that time did not fit into any environmental standards. And Volkswagen honors them, for quite some time now. So, today we have at our disposal a Volkswagen Transporter T2 1974 release. Looks like the previous generation? Similar. But there are also differences. In general, the design of the second generation repeats the design of previous buses: it is still the same rear-engined layout, rear-wheel drive and an air-cooled boxer engine. But he no longer looks as "child" as the hippiemobile T1. It has become more solid, while losing some interesting details of its predecessor. We have already talked about such a feature of T1: there is no heating system in it, but ventilation - as much as you want. The windows in some versions of this bus were almost the same as the horsepower. T2 has lost the delicacy of the body. The windshield has become solid, the central pillar on it has disappeared, and it can no longer be folded back. The headlights were hidden in the stamping of the front panel, however, without much success. But the goggle-eyed naivete on the face of the bus is gone. On the whole, it looks simpler, but at the same time it is somehow more reliable. Another important detail is the sliding door. In principle, this was the case on the T1 part, however, much less often. Before entering the salon, we will tell you where he came from so beautiful.

Waited nine months

Nikita and Svetlana wanted to make their wedding unforgettable. A laudable desire: the wedding should be once in a lifetime (which is what we wish them), but for this they needed the same original car. And then T2 caught my eye. True, only in the picture, but this was no longer so important: the goal appeared and demanded its immediate achievement. But finding T2 turned out to be very difficult. After a long search, the car was found in Moscow. He was in the possession of a collector, though not in the best condition. But the owner of the Transporter is engaged in the restoration of such machines, so restoration was ordered from him. It was in November 2014, and the young people were planning to get the bus ready by the summer. Maybe they would have gotten it if it hadn't been for the desire to do it well. But the repair was delayed. Spring has passed, summer has come. Together with the first months of summer, the wedding took place. T2 did not have time for it. They waited for him for nine whole months, and as soon as he appeared in a young family, he was given a name. Now his name is Bulli. To be honest, the name Bulli appeared even with the first Transporters, but then it became almost its own. Translated, by the way, as "bull". The goby is so goby, although, in my opinion, it doesn't hurt that these buses look like gobies. But the Germans know better.

So, Bulli appeared in the family. The guy, in general, is an adult, it was time to get him a job. And she was found: they hold photo shoots with him, the newlyweds ride on it, almost anyone can order it. It is the purpose of its future use that explains the interior of the car. Let's see what happened.

Inside the Transporter

The salon, as well as the body, is made in beige shades. The Transporters had a lot of options for its layout, but in our case it is a little non-standard, but convenient. In the first modifications of this bus, the engine was much lower, so they did not have a rear door: the entire space was occupied by the motor. Later, the motors became more powerful and more compact, which made it possible to make a small luggage compartment and its door in the rear of the body. It is, however, not very convenient to use it: the engine is located below, so the opening is located high. But there is still room for luggage.

The designers also took care of the interior lighting, but they did it at the level of the seventies, so it will not work to read Nietzsche by the light of the plafonds, but it is quite possible to create a romantic atmosphere. The only thing you have to put up with during the trip is the noise of the engine. But until we started it, we will not talk about it, but move on to the driver's seat.

Here, of course, it's not even close to T1. Compared to its predecessor, it is just a spaceship. If in the first all the "wealth" consisted only of a speedometer, a fuel gauge and three inconspicuous bulbs on a metal panel, then there is simply chic, shine and beauty. There is practically no plastic, but what they think is painted metal. Automotive aesthetes call this effect when painting "shagreen" and is usually considered a marriage. However, on the internal elements of the car, shagreen was used quite widely and gave the effect of a certain softness. But banging your head on such a surface is not worth it: the metal is all the same.

The dashboard itself has become much richer. The leftmost instrument is a combination of a fuel gauge and warning lamps, including a battery charging lamp (there is no ammeter here), a direction indicator lamp, a high beam lamp and an oil pressure warning lamp. The average gauge is an ordinary speedometer, marked for fun at 140 km / h. The last scale is hours. Why they are there, and even of such a considerable size, is a mystery. And here to the right we see the levers that allow you to control ventilation and ... heating.

Where, you ask, did the “stove” come from on a car with an air “opposed”? A normal person would be at a loss, but the gloomy German genius solved the question amazingly: the car is heated ... by exhaust gases. The decision is controversial, like the conditions of the Tilsit peace, because while the gases from the back of the bus reach the front, they have time to cool down. Perhaps, in a little cold, such a system is somehow capable of warming up passengers, but in cold weather there is no sense in it. The only thing that saves is the well-done insulation of the front of the car. This helps not to lose at least the warmth that "breathed". Glass, however, sweat, but where to go.

Well, we saw how far T2 "went" from T1 externally. It's time to steer.

Driving a Transporter

Remember, we shared our impressions of the trip on T1? This was a good ride for drug addicts of the past, so the handling of this bus did not cause delight in us. T2 is a completely different matter. But first things first.

We start the engine and enjoy its sound somewhere in the back of the bus. In our case, there is a 1.6-liter unit developing 50 hp, which is a lot for these buses, although since the mid-70s German "majors" could order motors and more powerful ones: 1.7 liters (66 hp). ) and 2 liters (70 hp) And together with them it was possible to order a three-speed automatic transmission. In our case, there are exactly 50 "horses", and the manual transmission has four gears.

The sound of the engine is, of course, more pleasant than that of its 36-horsepower predecessor, which is prone to hysterics at any increase in revs. But what the next generation Transporter could not get rid of was the monstrous operation of finding the right gear. Here everything has remained absolutely the same: the gears are located close, but the lever travel is simply enormous. To turn on the speed, you need to move it quite a bit, while it tends to hang out all over the cabin. But the car gets under way more confidently than the bus of the previous generation. Despite the increased power, the designers did not abandon the use of wheel reduction gears. This didn’t make the T2 go any faster, but the acceleration, despite the performance of the engine, was not so bad. Of course, by the standards of forty years ago. And finally the main thing! The bus stopped bouncing from side to side, drifting off course and walking in the lane. Everything that forced the driver in T1 to relieve stress by using illegal substances is absent here. True, along with this, the desire to sing behind the wheel of Bob Marley and wear a vest with baubles disappeared, but now you can ride the Transporter. Of course, everything is the same on the sly and only in the warm season, but to drive, and not to catch his position and try not to go to the side of the road or "oncoming". The comfortable speed remained at the level of 60 km / h, although the owner put the arrow on it even at 80. The brakes became much better: since 1968 they installed a dual-circuit system, in 1970 they began to put front disc brakes. At the same time, the drum remains behind, but the car slows down quite well. Considering the low average speed of movement, such a steering and braking system allow even people without suicidal tendencies to ride the Transporter. Although, it is probably more pleasant to drive from behind, in a comfortable cabin. I didn't get such an honor (not a newlywed, after all), but it would be nice to ride there too. The melody "Hey, Jude!" She perfectly suited the atmosphere of the bus: this is no longer the same car of careless hippie life-lovers, but a completely comfortable and practical means of transportation. Of course, it is not used as a car for every day, but the Transporter is still used quite regularly. This is understandable: romance, love babble and other nonsense (I forgot what else happens there) are more than appropriate in this Bulli. Now let's go back to the driver's seat.

Tuning Volkswagen Transporter T3 is an opportunity to create a unique version of the legendary minibus, which is known to motorists around the world. The car has a discreet and truly popular design, which allows various tuners to completely alter it to suit their style or carry out a classic upgrade of the body, interior and other units.

1

The presented model, along with the Volkswagen Golf 2 hatchback, is one of the most mass-produced serial versions of Volkswagen. The car has been produced since 1979, when the updated T3 transporter with a four-cylinder gasoline engine, reinforced suspension and a rigid frame structure came off the assembly line for the first time. Over the years, the engineers of the German concern have improved this car and supplemented it with new body parts, technical parts, and interior. All-wheel drive T3 models and passenger Caravelle, Multivan, California.

Volkswagen Transporter t3

There are not many of these cars left in good condition, so tuning the Transporter T3 is often a voluminous job. It starts with body alteration (removing rust, painting, replacing fenders, doors) and ends with a serious technical modernization of the engine and various parts of the car. Further in the article, we will consider the options for modernizing the body and interior of this model, talk about the technical options for improvements and the possibility of software upgrades (on models after 1987).

If we talk about external changes, then for the T3 model of any model year, you can find interesting accessories of original or third-party production that can significantly increase the attractiveness, modernize and refresh this legendary car. Among these accessories are:

new bumpers and linings for them;
aerodynamic body kits;
thresholds and tuning options for radiator grilles;
spoilers for the front bumper or trunk lid;
modern front and rear optics;
deflectors of the hood, doors, various eyelashes on the headlights.

In addition to the accessories presented, those who redesign the Volkswagen Transporter T3 model are in demand for full or partial car painting, installation of wheel arch extensions, body airbrushing, installation, larger rims, new door handles "under the classic", tinting. The suspension of the car and the elements of the engine system, as well as the unit itself, are often modernized.

2

There are many options for modernizing the cabin, each of those who want to carry out tuning chooses, based on the budget and the desired comfort. But the main criterion is increased safety and comfort. To achieve this, it is not necessary to completely redo any elements, you can only change the main parts, for example, install a new steering wheel. For this car model, the steering wheel from the Passat B3 model is almost ideal, which can be purchased at disassembly for no more than 2,000 rubles.

Volkswagen Transporter t3 salon after modernization

To install it, you only need a special adapter sleeve when connecting the steering wheel to the column, which, as a rule, is sold there or in specialized stores. The steering wheel becomes standard mountings, while the power steering can be additionally connected (for models before 1983, which were not equipped with a similar option).

In addition, you can choose new seats and connect heating or electrical adjustment. Considering that Volkswagen T3 is a "purebred" German with a small base, seats from various models of passenger cars, such as Volkswagen Passat, Mercedes W124, BMW 5 Series... Installing new seats will not take much time, while the comfort in the car will significantly increase. At the same time, you can also replace the door cards, leather options will look especially interesting.

In addition to the above, you can improve the T3's interior with options such as:

installation of chrome inserts on the dashboard;
installation of illumination of the driver's and passenger's feet,
high-quality insulation of the cabin.

All these changes will improve the comfort of the car, especially with regard to sound insulation. Due to its age, the car makes a lot of noise on rough roads, both in the cargo and in the passenger version, as evidenced by numerous reviews of the owners.

3

In technical equipment, the Transporter T3 is noticeably inferior to all modern models; over time, various suspension components wear out, and the engine requires constant intervention. Smart suspension tuning starts with installing a new set of shock absorbers on both sides. In addition, it is better to replace the entire brake system in a circle, instead of standard drum brakes, install disc options with a complete replacement of units. As a "donor" you can use spare parts from various models, in particular BMW 5 series in the back of E34.

Volkswagen Transporter t3 after tuning

Stabilizer struts, bearings, bushings, silent blocks are also subject to replacement. Some options involve inflating the body using special lift kits, which are sold in huge numbers. Such a procedure will be effective with constant off-road driving, in urban conditions it will be sufficient to replace the suspension and chassis elements with more modern counterparts, with all connections and connections.

Technical improvements include reworking or complete replacement of the exhaust system, especially on diesel versions of 1.6 D engines.

Given the age of these cars, there are a lot of options for changes, from a complete replacement to a partial modernization of the engine. As a simple DIY solution for diesel engines with or without a turbine, we advise you to manually cut off a part of the manifold (you will have to use welding), or replace the resonator with a smaller part. The easiest option is to install an accessory in the form of a cover on the muffler. In technical terms, this will not work, but coupled with changes in appearance, it will look organic. Sometimes it is advisable to sort out the gearbox, change the oil. Consider putting on T3 gearboxes from models Vito or newer versions Conveyor.

4

As for the engine, the best solution would be cylinder boring (relevant for all versions of the Transporter T3 engine), but this will require the intervention of specialists. For some models, a chip tuning option is available, in which the settings of the standard ECU are reset and various parameters are calibrated. With the right approach, a small increase in power is guaranteed, while the engine will be "fresher" and fuel consumption will decrease.

Volkswagen Transporter t3 engine before tuning

For diesel (1.9TDI), even without the chip tuning procedure, it is important to drown out the EGR (gas regeneration) system, which, in the general system of solenoid valves, along with the vacuum pump, does not add power and, as practice shows, only creates additional problems. To do this, you need to purchase special plugs. They can be picked up from the original manufacturer Volksvagen by the number on the valve itself, or you can make them yourself. A 3 mm thick plate in the shape of an inlet valve and a special paronite gasket are enough.

You need to drown the USR using the program and mechanically. Remove the manifold and clean it from soot. Next, on the computer, calibrate the ignition and injection parameters (using the VAGCOM program or other analogs). Such changes will increase the engine power and speed during acceleration, however, when the gas pedal is pressed sharply, the consumption will increase by 0.5-1 liter. In addition to the UPC plug, the air flow valve can also be turned off, thus, the operation of the turbine at T3 is modernized, but the flow rate also increases.

This Volkswagen T3 is known in various markets under different names, including the Transporter or Caravelle in Europe, Microbus in South Africa and Vanagon in the Americas or the T25 in the United Kingdom.

VW T3 was still Type2. But at the same time it was already a different car. The wheelbase of the VW T3 has increased by 60 millimeters. The minibus became 12.5 centimeters wider than the VW T2 and weighed 60 kilograms more (1365 kg) than its predecessor. The engine in it, as in earlier models, was located in the back, which was already considered an outdated solution at the end of the 1970s, but it ensured the ideal weight distribution of the car along the axles in the proportion of 50x50. For the first time for this class of cars, Volkswagen offers for the T3 model as optional equipment power windows, an electric drive for adjusting external rear-view mirrors, a tachometer, central locking, heated seats, a headlight cleaning system, a rear window wiper, retractable footrests for sliding side doors, and starting since 1985 air conditioning and four-wheel drive.

Syncro / Caravelle Carat / Multivan

In 1985, several important events took place at once in the history of VW minibuses and the T3 model in particular:

Under the Transporter Syncro brand, the all-wheel drive Volkswagen was launched into mass production, the development of which began back in 1971. Its chassis was based on the Austrian military van Pinzgauer, which had been produced by that time since 1965. Therefore, the van parts were produced in Hanover and final assembly took place at Steyr Deimler Puch in Graz, Austria. It was a commercial vehicle with high efficiency even on bad roads. Its new flexible clutches transferred engine traction to the front axle, taking into account the road conditions. Permanent all-wheel drive is carried out through a visco-clutch. The design was distinguished by its reliability and ease of operation, which ensured a long life on many Volkswagen vehicles. It was a complete independent replacement of the intermediate differential, which automatically created an almost 100% blocking effect if necessary. Later, the Syncro received a limited slip limited slip differential, which, together with other units, fully independent suspension and 50/50 axle weight distribution, made the T3 Syncro one of the best four-wheel drive cars of its time. Transporter Syncro has been recognized by off-road driving aficionados and has taken part in a large number of rallies around the world.

In 1985, VW T3 minibuses began to be equipped with air conditioning. In particular, it was installed on the luxury Caravelle Carat - a car focused on the level of comfort for business customers. The minibus received a lower ground clearance due to faster wheels with low-profile tires, alloy wheels, a folding table, footrests lighting, suede trim, hi-fi audio system, seat armrests. Second-row seats that rotate 180 ° were also offered.

In the same year, the first generation VW Multivan was introduced - the T3 version for universal family use. The Multivan concept blurs the line between business and leisure - the birth of the versatile passenger minivan.

During the 1980s, US Army Infantry and Air Force bases stationed in Germany used te-thirds as conventional (non-tactical) vehicles. At the same time, the military used its own nomenclature designation of the model - "light commercial truck / light truck, commercial"

Porsche has created a limited edition version of the VW T3, codenamed B32. The minibus was equipped with a 3.2-liter engine from a Porsche Carrera / Porsche Carrera and this version was originally designed to support the Porsche 959 in the Paris-Dakar / Paris-Dakar races.

Some versions for the North American market

The simplest versions of the US Vanagon had vinyl seat upholstery and a rather spartan interior. The Vanagon L already had additional fabric-wrapped seats, better trim paneling and optional dashboard air conditioning. The Vanagon GL was produced with a Westfalia roof and an extended list of options: a fitted kitchen and a fold-down sleeper. For the conventional high-roof "Weekender" versions, which did not have a gas cooker, stationary sink and built-in refrigerator in the basic equipment as in the full camper versions, a compact portable "cabinet" was offered, which included a 12-volt refrigerator and a stand-alone sink version. the "Weekender" version features rear-facing second-row seats and a folding table attached to the side wall, which were originally manufactured in Westfalia.

Production in South Africa

After 1991, production of the VW T3 continued in South Africa until 2002. For the local South African market, VW has renamed the T3 to Microbus. Here she underwent homologation - a slight "facelift", which included large windows in a circle (their size was increased in comparison with models made for other markets) and a slightly modified dashboard. The European wasserboxer engines were replaced with 5-cylinder engines from Audi and updated 4-cylinder engines from VW. Added a 5-speed gearbox and 15 "rims as standard on all versions. Large ventilated front disc brakes have been added to better match the onslaught of the 5-cylinder engine. rotated 180 degrees and folding table.

Dates in the history of VW-T3

1979

New Volkswagen Transporter released. In addition to many technical improvements to the chassis and engine, he acquired a new body structure. The T3 revolutionized the design of automobiles: the computer partially "calculated" the frame under the body using the finite element method, and the car received increased rigidity. T3 did not manage to achieve phenomenal success at the start. This was due to the technical parameters of the car.

The air-cooled horizontal four-cylinder engine had a significant dead weight of 1385 kg. The smaller engine (1584 cc) would mean that it would hardly be able to reach speeds over 110 km / h. And even a larger engine only allowed the car to accelerate on the freeway to a speed of 127 km / h: three kilometers per hour less than its predecessor. As a result, it was not easy at first to convince international clients of the benefits of the new technology. It was only with the introduction of a horizontal four-cylinder water-cooled engine and a diesel engine with better performance and more power that the third generation Volkswagen Transporter gained success. The hull width has increased by 125 mm, which made it possible to accommodate three completely independent seats in the driver's cab; the track and wheelbase have become larger, and the turning radius has decreased. The interior space has become more spacious and modern. Crash tests have helped in the development of elements that absorb energy in front and side impacts, the so-called crumple zones. A concealed roll bar was installed at the front of the driver's cab at knee level, and robust sectional profiles were integrated into the doors to provide protection against side impacts.

1981

25th anniversary of the Volkswagen plant in Hanover. More than five million commercial vehicles have rolled off assembly lines since the factory opened. The water-cooled horizontal four-cylinder engine and the modified Golf diesel engine provided the Transporter breakthrough needed. It is very likely that the experts in Hannover had no idea at the time that the diesel engine opened a completely new page in Volkswagen's success story.

Production of diesel Volkswagen Transporters begins at the Hanover plant.

Volkswagen Transporter received horizontal four-cylinder water-cooled engines of a new design with 60 and 78 hp. to replace previous generations of air-cooled engines.

1983

Presentation of the Caravelle model - a minivan designed as a "passenger enhanced comfort". The Bully Bull was a multifunctional all-rounder that was the ideal platform for an infinite number of options - an everyday family car, a great travel companion offering living space on wheels and freedom of movement.

1985

The launch of the four-wheel drive Volkswagen under the Transporter Syncro brand, the Caravelle Carat modifications and the first VW Multivan appear.

The turbocharged diesel engine and the new high-power fuel injection engine (112 hp) go into production.

In July, the AGM approves the change of the company's name to Volkswagen AG.

1986

Installation of ABS became possible.

1988

Series production of the Volkswagen California travel van. Volkswagen's plant in Braunschweig, Germany, celebrated its 50th anniversary.

1990

The production of T3 at the plant in Hanover ceases. In 1992, production was discontinued at a plant in Austria. Thus, since 1993, the T3 was finally replaced in the European and North American market with the T4 model (Eurovan in the US market). By that time, the T3 was the last rear-engined Volkswagen car in Europe, so connoisseurs see the T3 as the last "real Bull". Starting in 1992, production was moved to a plant in South Africa, which, with minor changes in design and equipment, produced the T3 for the local market. Production continued until the summer of 2003.