GAZelle cars often visit our car service, because this is a commercial vehicle that plows like a workhorse day and night. Every day, a lot of Gazelek go out onto the roads of our country and sooner or later certain breakdowns occur, which we are trying to eliminate! Today is no exception. A Gazelle Business with an UMP engine drove into our workshop! Well, let's help the business!
After listening to the client: the car does not pull, the check light is on. After you turn off and turn on the ignition again, the machine sometimes starts working as it should, but then the problem repeats. The rpm does not rise above 2000 ...
Here it is, a workhorse!
Fig. 1
Where to start repairs? Of course, with computer diagnostics. We connect the diagnostic equipment and read the errors that were registered in the engine control unit.
Fig. 2
We are interested in the current error P2138 Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch "D" / "E" Voltage Correlation. What does it mean? This error literally stands for: P2138 Incorrect voltage ratio "D" / "E" throttle position sensor or accelerator pedal... The throttle valve is electronic like the gas pedal. That is, both the damper itself and the pedal may be faulty. In order to defect a pedal or a throttle valve, you need to understand how they work, so first we will consider their design features, device and figure out what is the difference between a mechanical throttle valve and an electronic one.
The principle of operation of the system with an electronic throttle valve and an electronic gas pedal.
And so, in the beginning, we will consider the mechanical throttle valve device and figure out how the idle speed is adjusted.
Fig. 3 Mechanical throttle valve (revolutions 840..900) 
In a mechanical throttle valve (Fig. 3), idle speed (engine speed) is controlled by the idle speed regulator (4). The throttle valve itself (penny 1) does not participate in the idle speed adjustment in any way. The idle speed regulator sets 55 ... 65 steps (Mikas 7.1) to maintain the speed in the region of 800 ... 900 rpm. The more steps of the idle speed regulator, the higher the engine speed will be, because. more air will flow through the bypass duct (3).
Fig. 4 Mechanical throttle valve (revolutions 1300..1400) 
To maintain the idle speed at 1300 ... 1400, the idle speed controller (2) sets approximately 115 ... 120 steps (Mikas 7.1). In this position, the regulator stem (4) increases the air flow through the bypass channel (3), thereby increasing the speed.
But how does the idle speed adjustment with an electronic throttle valve take place, and from which hours does it consist?
The electronic throttle valve GAZ consists of the following parts (Fig. 5): the damper itself (penny 1), the motor reducer (2) which controls the damper (penny 1), and two resistive position sensors (3)
Fig. 5 Electronic throttle valve (revolutions 850..900) 
Let's clarify that in cars with electronic throttle valve there is no idle speed control as a separate part. The throttle valve itself (penny, 1) is responsible for adjusting the idle speed. To maintain the idle speed, the throttle valve opens slightly by 5 ... 6% and the air that is needed to maintain the idle speed passes through the damper itself (1). The damper is controlled by a geared motor (2). Sensors (3) read the current position of the damper.
Fig. 6 Electronic throttle valve (revolutions 1400..1500) 
In order for the engine speed to increase to 1400 ... 1500, the motor (2) opens the throttle valve by 10 ... 12%. Thus, the electronic damper itself participates in the process of adjusting the idle speed. The electronic throttle valve must be clean, therefore, in order for the engine speed not to float, it must be cleaned much more often than the mechanical throttle.
If a mechanical throttle valve is controlled by a throttle cable, then who is responsible for controlling the electronic throttle valve? In order for the control unit to understand at what angle to open the throttle valve, it must first read the current position of the gas pedal. Our gas pedal is also electronic and consists of the pedal itself and two resistive sensors (R3, R4) Fig. 7.
Consider Option 1... The gas pedal is not depressed.
The ignition is on, the gas pedal is not pressed, the throttle is turned 7.8%, why not 0%, you ask? Explain: since we have an electronic throttle, the idle speed regulator, as you already understood, is absent, but we need air to ignite the mixture. It is precisely through a gap of 7.8% that this air enters during engine start.
Fig. 7 The ignition is on, the pedal is not pressed, the damper is closed (slightly open) by 7.8%. 
What parameters can we observe with a working throttle valve and a working gas pedal?
Fig. 8 Typical parameters of the values of a working gas pedal and throttle valve (pedal not depressed) 
Table 1. Indications of a working gas pedal and throttle valve (pedal not depressed)
 |
|
 |
0.78
, R2 ADC_ETS2 (B) 4.22.
|
Consider Option 2... The accelerator pedal is fully depressed.
The ignition is on, the gas pedal is fully depressed, the throttle valve is turned 24%. Why not 100% you ask? Well, this is already included in the program by the manufacturer.
Fig. 9 The ignition is on, the gas pedal is fully depressed, the damper is 24% open. 
On the computer screen with the accelerator pedal pressed, we observe the following parameters.
Fig. 10 Typical parameters of the values of a working gas pedal and throttle
damper (pedal pressed all the way). 
Table 2. Indications of a working gas pedal and throttle valve (pedal pressed all the way).
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Gas pedal readings (highlighted in yellow) are parameters: |
|
Throttle readings (highlighted in red) are parameters: ADC_ETS1 (B) 1.42
, ADC_ETS2 (B) 3.58
|
And so, we considered the options for the operation of the throttle valve and gas pedal, provided that they are completely serviceable, but let's return to our GAZEL and the error P2138, which is written to the ECU memory when one of the values does not match, we remind these values.
Serviceable gas pedal: the voltage R3 of the gas pedal divided by 2 is equal to R4, i.e. R3 / 2 =
R4.
Serviceable throttle valve: the sum of the voltage R1 and R2 of the throttle valve is 5V, i.e. R1 + R2 = 5c.
If one of these conditions is not met, then error P2138 appears - Incorrect voltage ratio "D" / "E" throttle position sensor or accelerator pedal... D and E in our case are R1, R2 and R3, R4, respectively. Therefore, in order to reject the gas pedal or electronic damper, you need to carry out the above checks. Without wasting time, we begin to check our readings on a faulty car.
Checking the throttle and gas pedal readings of a faulty GAZelle car.
To begin with, we look at the readings of the throttle valve and gas pedal voltages on a muffled car with the ignition on. And what do we see?
Fig. 11 The ignition is on, the pedal is not depressed. 
Table 3. Indications of a defective gas pedal (pedal not pressed)
|
|
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The throttle reading (highlighted in red) are parameters: R1 ADC_ETS1 (B) 0.78
, R2 ADC_ETS2 (B) 4.22.
|
Fig. 12 The ignition is on, the pedal is not pressed (the pedal is fully pressed). 
Table 4. Indications of a defective gas pedal (the pedal is pressed all the way).
|
Defective gas pedal readings (highlighted in yellow) are parameters: |
|
The throttle reading (highlighted in red) are parameters: R1 ADC_ETS1 (B) 0.80
, R2 ADC_ETS2 (B) 4.21.
|
Pay attention to the throttle opening percentage on fig 12... provided that the gas pedal is pressed all the way. Due to a faulty gas pedal, the ECU cannot determine that the gas pedal is depressed and therefore the throttle opening percentage will remain around 7.1%. If the gas pedal was in good working order, then the readings should correspond fig 10.
Well, we have damaged the electronic gas pedal. Let's begin to dismantle it, disassemble it and find out what happened to it.
To disassemble the electronic gas pedal, you need to unscrew four self-tapping screws.
Rice. 15. We turn off 4 screws. 
Fig. 16. Remove the top cover with the board and resistors. 
Here is the connection diagram for our pedal.
Rice. 17. Wiring diagram for accelerator pedal with ECU. 
How is the connector on our gas pedal numbered?
1. Red+5 volt power supply for pedal sensor 2
2. brown-orange+5 volt power supply for pedal sensor 1
3. brown-pink pedal sensor 1 signal
4. Brown common sensor 1 pedal
5. red-pink common sensor 2 pedal
6. brownish green pedal sensor 2 signal
Rice. eighteen. Pinout of the gas pedal contacts. 
Fig. 19. Gas pedal sensor board 
On Figure 19 you can see a shiny (crossed) area (highlighted in green) on the resistive layer, from the fact that the throttle pedal slider is constantly moving forward and backward. Over time, this layer is strongly rubbed and the resistance of the coating becomes different, and then miracles begin.
Modern technologies have now touched almost all parts of the car. If earlier the gas pedal drive was exclusively mechanical, now, it is being replaced by an electronic one. In this article, you will learn what an electronic gas pedal is, how it works, how it is adjusted and repaired.
Device and principle of operation
To understand how the electronic accelerator pedal works, you need to know the general principle of the accelerator. The fact is that their functions are extremely similar, but the simplest mechanism is precisely the mechanical drive.
The accelerator pedal, or as they used to call it - "gas", is a means of controlling the position of the throttle valve.
The throttle valve, in turn, is responsible for the amount of air supplied to the engine intake manifold. The more oxygen enters the combustion chamber, the higher the crankshaft speed. The pedal is a lever that acts on the damper actuator. The drive can be cable or lever. All this, one way or another, facilitates the effort applied to press the gas pedal.
The principle of operation of the electronic pedal is a little complicated, but it makes it much easier to control the engine speed. Such a pedal is used only on injection vehicles, as it is completely based on the operation of electronic devices. The accelerator consists of a pedal module, a signal conversion module and a throttle position control unit.
When you press the pedal, the module transmits information about the angle of the lever deflection to the signal conversion module. The transistor system transmits an amplified signal to the throttle valve control unit. After matching the received signal with the electronic control unit, the throttle valve module determines the angle of its opening. Thus, an electronic method of opening the throttle valve is provided.
It should be noted that the operation of the damper module cannot start until permission is obtained from the ECU. The fact is that this system must know exactly how much air and fuel the engine needs in a given operating mode. Therefore, the position of the damper can change regardless of how much the accelerator pedal is depressed.
How to adjust the electronic pedal
Like any mechanism, the electronic gas pedal sometimes also needs adjustments. This measure is necessary to maintain the normal operation of the accelerator in case the settings were knocked down.
Sometimes it happens that when you press the gas pedal, the car stops responding to a change in the position of the throttle valve. This is due to the fact that there was simply no change in position. All electronic pedals have a certain free travel, during which the voltage supplied to the transistor circuit changes. If the voltage changes, then the response to the position of the pedal also changes, therefore, the car may behave inadequately when. Sometimes this problem can be found out by the corresponding indicator on the dashboard or using electronic diagnostics carried out through the on-board computer of the car.
Adjustment procedure:
- First of all, it is necessary to remove the pedal from the seat. This means that when the pedal is removed, the angle measuring module is also dismantled with it. The plug connector must be left in place, as power to the pedal will be needed during the adjustment process.
- Once the pedal is released, unscrew the screw located on its cover. Thus, you need to release the cover relative to the pedal, allowing it to rotate freely. Next, you will need the reference books that came with the pedal.
- Connect a voltmeter between the connectors and set the appropriate measurement range on it. Switch on the ignition. There are voltage rates in the pedal manual, which will be different for diesel and injection engines. By turning the pedal cover, the applied voltage can be changed. Adjust this parameter according to the documentation and tighten the fastening screw.
- Place the pedal in place and try it out. If the car's behavior has changed for the better, then the electronic accelerator pedal has been adjusted correctly.
Attention! The reference literature may indicate the voltage range. Two numbers determine the amount of tension when the pedal is not depressed and fully depressed. Therefore, the adjustment is made according to the first voltage when the gas pedal is not depressed.
In addition, the magnitude of the voltage may vary depending on the environment. That is, during seasonal maintenance of the car, it is strongly recommended to also adjust the gas pedal, since this value can change, inversely proportional to the changing resistance.
Video - Converting an electronic gas pedal to a mechanical one
Repair of the electronically driven accelerator is made based on the detected faults. Like all parts, this system also has a certain amount of wear that cannot be prevented. In this regard, it is important to know how to troubleshoot a breakdown of the electronic gas pedal.
Usually, the repair of the pedal is started when the following malfunctions are found: there is a short-term failure to respond to a change in the position of the pedal or a complete failure of the pedal, regardless of the angle of depression. Basically, these malfunctions are associated with a lack of power to the executive bodies, or the absence of a signal from the pedal module.
First of all, it is necessary to inspect the electrical wiring for spillage, damage to the insulation (short circuits) and lack of contact in the plug connection. Very often, due to the fault of the wires, the power on the responsible organs disappears and the pedal simply refuses to work. If faulty electrical conductors are found, they must be replaced immediately.
Another malfunction is related to a breakdown. This error is displayed in the form of a special code "022", or, as it is also called, "throttle valve failure". In this case, the motor must be checked. To do this, it is dismantled and connected to a source of electrical energy directly in accordance with the rated current and voltage. If the motor rotates, then the malfunction must be looked for elsewhere, although such cases are rare. If the motor does not rotate, then it must be replaced.
All other faults are eliminated by replacing the entire module, since their repair is rather complicated and impractical. In fact, it is easier and cheaper to change a part as a whole than to repair it.
That's all the driver needs to know about the electronic throttle pedal. We hope this article helped you understand this complex and confusing mechanism.
Sometimes the engine malfunctions, and its speed is knocked out of the set values. As a result, the idle speed becomes unstable, there are dips in power.
One gets the impression that the engine will stall from minute to minute. This is explained by the wear of the part, and as a result, by an increase in the gap between the throttle body and the damper. A broken gap allows more air to pass through, and this is the reason for a change in the composition of the fuel mixture.
The result is engine failure. When the damper (penny) is worn out, it becomes necessary to replace it. Due to the simplicity of the design, it will not be difficult to order it from a familiar turner or find it on the Internet from some "kulibin". The price of the purchased part will be much higher.
Since new car models already come with electronic throttle control (electronic pedal), malfunctions in the car's electrical equipment can also lead to an operation error.
A sharp power surge in the car's network, removal / replacement of the electronic control unit, accelerator pedal - all this can cause a malfunction of this part of your car. Then it becomes necessary to return all parameters to normal.
Examples of adapting the throttle valve on vehicles of the VAG group and Lancer IX
In this video, you will be told and shown how to adapt the damper for a VAG car.
DZ adaptation for Volkswagen Golf 4:
- We warm up the engine to t = 80 0 C and turn off the car. Then we connect the USB-KKL cable to the diagnostic connector and, after turning on the ignition, run the diagnostic program (VAG-COM 3.11).
- We enter section 01-engine.
- We poll the fault memory (02).
- We erase the detected faults (05).
- After returning to the previous menu, we enter the section "adaptation-10".
- If the value of the group is 001, press "start".
- We wait 2-3 minutes, then close the program and disconnect the cable. The adaptation is complete.
DZ adaptation of Nissan cars with electronic gas pedal:
- Turn on the ignition for at least 2 seconds.
- We turn off the ignition. The accelerator pedal adaptation procedure is now complete.
- We adapt the throttle valve. The accelerator pedal is released.
- We turn on the ignition and turn it off immediately. We expect at least 10 seconds. During this period of time, the damper moves.
- We teach the air supply at idle speed (XX).
- We warm up the engine and gearbox to operating temperature.
- We turn off all electrical equipment of the car.
- We start the engine and bring it to working temperature.
- Turn off the ignition and wait for at least 10 seconds.
- Release the accelerator pedal completely.
- Turn on the ignition and wait for at least 3 seconds.
- Within 5 seconds, we press the accelerator pedal five times, after which we wait 7 seconds.
- Pressing the accelerator pedal, hold it until the CHECK stops flashing and lights up constantly (it takes about 20 seconds).
- After the CHECK lights up constantly, release the pedal within 3 seconds.
- We start the engine to work on XX.
- Press the pedal several times to check the XX stability.
DZ adaptation for VW Passat B5:
- We warm up the engine to operating temperature and turn off the car.
- We turn on the ignition, but do not start the engine.
- We connect the cable to the diagnostic connector and run the program.
- We enter section 01-engine.
- We enter the basic settings (04).
- We select in the adaptation of the damper - 060 for vehicles with electronic damper control, and the value 098 for cars with cable damper control.
- We start the adaptation.
- We are waiting for the entry on the "ADP RUN" screen to appear and the subsequent entry "ADP OK".
- We return to the basic settings.
- Turn off the ignition. The adaptation is complete.
Mitsubishi Lancer IX throttle body adaptation:
- We warm up the car engine.
- We connect the ScanDoc scanner to the diagnostic connector. PXX values = 0.
- We artificially restore the thermal gap in the damper (for example, we use a mixture of solid oil with oil extraction).
- We start the engine and wait for the installation of a stable speed of XX.
- In the scanner, start the "Sas mode" and adjust the position of the IAC during adaptation.
- If the engine stalls when the "Sas mode" is turned on, then unscrew the IAC screw to increase the engine speed by XX;
- We set the speed in the range of 750-800 rpm.
- During adaptation, the IAC steps are set with a value of 4-7;
- We forcibly complete the adaptation process and turn off the engine.
- We start the engine and check the IAC. If the adaptation was successful, then the IAC steps will be 27-28.
DZ adaptation on Audi A4:
- We warm up the engine to t = 80 0 C and turn off the car. Then we connect the cable to the diagnostic connector and, after turning on the ignition, run the diagnostic program (VAG-COM).
- We enter section 01-engine.
- We enter the section "adaptation-10".
- On channel 00, press the "read" button.
- We save the result and return to the factory settings.
- Enter the basic settings (04) and go to the measurement mode.
- Enter the value of channel 098, start adaptation.
- We are waiting for a message about the completion of the adaptation process.
- We return to the original section. Close the program and disconnect the cable.
... How to do everything right, our site will tell you.
You can find out how to install car sound with your own hands. We advise everyone!
From this, you will find out how much anti-corrosion treatment of the underside of the car costs.
When is it not worth performing a remote sensing adaptation?
It is worth noting that it is appropriate to carry out the above procedures using software and special diagnostic equipment in case of failure of the damper settings. It does not matter if the electronic parameters are violated or the mechanical settings of the equipment are lost.
If the operation of the throttle is impaired due to wear, then it is more advisable to think about repairing or replacing a part. If suddenly, after the above steps, adaptation does not occur, it is worth checking the motor responsible for opening / closing the damper. There may not be enough power for the node to work properly.
On the example of adaptation of the throttle valve of the above cars, we can conclude that absolutely all cars are characterized by some common processes.
So, for example, cleaning the damper body inside and outside before starting adaptation is necessary for any car brand.
The only difference is that in some cars the throttle adjustment is carried out using a cable, while in others it is electronically. This difference will show up in the choice of adaptation parameters.
In order for the car to work properly and not show up at the service station for as long as possible, except in cases of maintenance, it is necessary to treat it carefully. One of the important components of the iron horse is the throttle valve (DZ). This mechanism plays an important role in the operation of a diesel or gasoline engine. And it doesn't matter if it is a carburetor power plant or an injection one. DZ can be either mechanically or electronically driven. In the latter case, it is sometimes necessary to adapt the throttle valve. How to do it? Let's try to figure it out, at the same time we will take a closer look at the types of this node. We will also find out if it needs to be done, and what might be otherwise.
Throttle function
No car in the world can do without such a unit as a throttle valve. The mechanism is a transverse channel regulator that changes the amount of flowing liquid or gas. That is, in essence, the damper is an air valve. When it is closed, the pressure in the intake system is equal to a vacuum, and when it is open, it is compared to the outside atmospheric pressure.
By depressing the accelerator pedal, the degree of opening of the damper is adjusted. Accordingly, it depends on how much air enters the engine cylinders. Almost every modern car is equipped with an injection engine, where it takes over all important responsibilities
As some car enthusiasts know, the optimal ratio of gasoline to air is 1: 14.7. By detecting the position of the throttle valve and the amount of air using sensors, the ECU regulates the operation of the injectors and the fuel pump. This knowledge will come in handy in deciding how to adapt the throttle valve.
In other words, the computer gives the command how much fuel needs to be supplied to the engine in order to maintain the optimal proportions.
Mechanical throttle
Currently, a mechanically driven damper can only be found in a low-cost vehicle configuration. In such a mechanism, the damper is connected to the accelerator pedal by means of a metal cable, fixed on the shaft and placed in a housing on which the sensors are also located:
- throttle position (TPS).
It all looks like a separate block. Various branch pipes also lead to it, one by one is supplied and removed from the coolant, and through the others the crankcase is ventilated and fuel vapors are captured.
Thanks to the IAC, the required number of crankshaft revolutions is maintained when the throttle is closed. The regulator itself consists of a stepper motor and a special valve. Together they adjust the amount of air, and, regardless of the position of the throttle valve. Usually there is no problem with how to adapt the throttle valve in the case of a mechanical drive.
Electromagnetic throttle
An electronic analogue, in contrast to a mechanical unit, allows you to achieve the optimal torque value at any engine operating mode. The level of fuel consumed is reduced, and driving such a car is comfortable and safe. The main distinguishing features (and in this case, the advantages) are the following:
- idle speed is adjusted by moving the throttle valve;
- there is no mechanical connection between the pedal and the damper.
Due to the fact that there is no mechanical connection, the torque can be electronically controlled instead of the gas pedal. The damper module itself consists of the following elements:
- hulls;
- the damper itself;
- electric drive;
- return-spring mechanism;
- damper position sensors.
Installing not one, but two damper position sensors in the module will increase reliability. For this, magnetoresistive devices or potentiometers with sliding contacts can be used. It is precisely because of the breakdown of these elements that it is necessary to decide how to adapt the throttle valve on many cars.
In the event of a malfunction of the electric drive, due to the reciprocating spring mechanism, the damper is brought into an emergency position. In this case, the module itself must be replaced, which is done only in assembly.
Throttle valve clogging and cleaning frequency
From time to time, the throttle valve inevitably clogs up, which manifests itself in various ways. In this regard, a reasonable question arises: how often should it be cleaned? It is not entirely possible to answer it unequivocally, since there are no recommendations on this matter. Some car owners go to garages when they suspect an engine malfunction.
Someone thinks that the damper needs to be cleaned after every 40,000-50,000 km. Others have a different opinion and clean the damper more often, after 30,000-40,000 km.
Usually black carbon deposits on the throttle indicate poor fuel quality. There is a risk of oily deposits forming during vehicle operation with such gasoline. After that, there should be no question whether the throttle valve needs to be adapted.
As a rule, if the piston group experiences some problems, then a characteristic symptom is coking of the damper with soot with oily impurities. Sometimes this indicates a clogged crankcase ventilation.
Signs of a clogged damper
If the throttle is clogged, the engine will run unstable. Typical signs of a malfunction in this case are:
- increased idle speed;
- delayed reaction of the engine to pressing the accelerator pedal;
- while the car is moving, jerks are observed, and sometimes the vehicle independently, without the participation of the driver, changes speed;
- abrupt release leads to a stop of the power plant.
In some cases, the CHECK indicator on the dashboard lights up. Sometimes gum deposits will settle on the throttle shaft, causing it to jam. Then the gas pedal is pressed with a noticeable effort.
Before proceeding to the solution of the problem of how to adapt the throttle valve on a Skoda or any other car, it is necessary to make sure of the accuracy of the diagnosis by conducting a visual inspection of the mechanism. To do this, you need to remove everything that is possible in order to open access to the module. Care should be taken not to accidentally disconnect
DZ cleaning
If the cause of the unstable engine operation is a dirty damper, it is worth moving on to cleaning it. To do this, you can contact a reliable service station. Among the large number of workshops, you can find one that specializes in specific brands (Audi, Volkswagen, Toyota, Mercedes and others). However, the owner can do all the work on his own, since a lot of experience and skills in this matter is not required.
At service stations, the cost of the procedure may depend on a number of factors:
- the complexity of the work - for some cars, to access the remote control, it will be necessary to dismantle many parts;
- service station service level - as a rule, the larger the organization, the more expensive;
- location - you can leave more money in large metropolitan areas than in the periphery.
DZ cleaning is a simple procedure, after which you usually need to think about how to adapt the throttle valve on a Nissan or any other car.
Any car owner can perform this procedure on their own. It does not require special knowledge and skills. All you need to get to the valve are tools and a rag (preferably soft). Also, you can not do without a special tool - mainly used a carburetor cleaner "Carbkliner" (CARB Cleaner).
Self-cleaning procedure
If the damper is electronically actuated, then it is better to remove the negative terminal of the battery. Then everything can be done according to simple instructions:
- dismantle the air filter, for which unscrew the hose clamp;
- disconnect all connectors of the throttle module and other pipes;
- move the air filter receiver aside so as not to interfere and start cleaning the damper;
- upon completion, assemble the damper module in reverse order, checking if everything is in place;
- after assembly, start the engine and check the idle speed.
In some cases, before starting to adapt the throttle valve on Toyota, Nissan or Skoda, it is necessary to remove the throttle itself, which allows a complete cleaning of the valve. This requires a 5 mm Allen key to unscrew the 4 fasteners. Remove the choke with great care, as there is a risk of damaging the gasket.
If, after cleaning the remote control, increased idle speed is observed, then it is necessary to adapt the damper. About what it is, further in the topic of the article.
The need to adapt remote sensing
This definition refers to an operation (or training) that is carried out so that the ECU "knows" in what position the throttle valve is in relation to the degree to which the accelerator pedal is depressed. This procedure is simply necessary in case of unstable engine idling.
For the majority of Toyota, Lexus, Mercedes, Nissan, and Audi cars, it is necessary to adapt the throttle valve, as this will eliminate the malfunction. The procedure is performed in the following cases:
- in case of a critical drop in the voltage of the on-board network (the battery is disconnected or completely discharged);
- the ECU was replaced;
- the damper was cleaned with the removal of the throttle;
- when replacing the throttle module itself;
- the accelerator pedal was replaced, as a rule, electronic.
It is worth noting that due to a layer of dirt, the gap between the DZ and the body changes, and after cleaning the damper, its position has changed. But the ECU "does not know" about this and continues to control the fuel supply according to the previous indications (before the cleaning operation). Adaptation will completely eliminate this gap and restore engine performance.
The easiest way to adapt
Now the question of whether it is necessary to adapt the throttle valve after cleaning should definitely not arise if there were still doubts. The easiest way is to carry out the operation with a simple reset Only for a start it is worthwhile to warm up the engine well to operating temperature, for which purpose make a short trip. Then, after turning off the engine, disconnect the negative terminal of the battery and wait. Depending on the car brand, the waiting time can be 10-30 seconds or 15-20 minutes.
During this period, all ECU parameters must return to their original (factory) settings. Next, it remains to connect the terminal and start the engine - the speed should be normalized.
Adaptation on the example of some cars
Another method, which we will consider using the example of a well-known German brand, also involves adaptation without a computer. Here the engine should be warmed up to a temperature of approximately 70-99 ° C. The battery voltage must be at least 12.9 volts with the engine off. The scheme of actions on how to adapt the throttle valve on a Volkswagen would be something like this:
- Warming up and turning off the engine, you should wait a short interval (5-10 seconds).
- With the gas pedal released, turn on the ignition and wait 3 seconds.
- After 3 seconds, you need to press the accelerator pedal 5 times to the stop and release it back. Act quickly, as it only takes 5 seconds.
- After the 5th exercise, it is worth waiting for a pause.
- After 7 seconds, press the pedal all the way down and hold it in this position until the "CHEK" indicator starts blinking (≈ 10 s), then it should light up constantly (for another ≈ 20 s).
- When the indicator is constantly on, count to three and only then release the pedal.
- Start the engine (repeat if necessary), wait for 20 seconds, then slightly accelerate (2000-3500). If on XX the tachometer shows 700 rpm (+ - 50), then the adaptation was successful.
In this case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the time intervals of each tuning step. This is the only way to train the ECU smoothly. But before that, it is worth studying the features of adaptation and the possibility of a manual procedure for your car. Perhaps only service station specialists will be able to help.
The importance of the throttle valve adaptation procedure can hardly be underestimated, while not every motorist knows how to perform this operation on his own.
1
During the operation of the throttle assembly of any modern vehicle, a lot of contaminants in the form of dust, soot, oil gradually accumulate on the surface of the throttle. They form a layer of dirt, which makes the air gap between the damper and the vehicle's air duct less than the specified rate. This clearance is important for the normal functioning of the "heart" of the car, as it keeps the idle speed at the required level.
When it decreases, the electronic control unit of the vehicle (auto computer) slightly opens the damper by introducing coefficients that take into account changes in its cross section. Until a certain point, the ECU manages to maintain the air gap at a constant level, but sooner or later it will still have to be cleaned of dirt. After flushing this unit, the engine speed will necessarily increase due to the fact that the throttle section, freed from the contaminating layer, will become larger.
The procedure for returning to the initial (specified by the manufacturer) position of the damper is usually called training or adaptation.
2
The need for such an operation, involving the reduction of high idle speed to the standard indicator, arises not only after flushing the throttle assembly, but also in other cases, in particular, in the following:
- after complete discharge of the vehicle battery;
- after replacing or removing the accelerator pedal;
- after replacing or reconnecting the electronic control unit of the vehicle.
The following phenomena are undoubted signs signaling that it is required to immediately train the damper:
- whistle when re-gasing;
- inadequate idling behavior of the motor;
- lack of power at idle speed or failures.
3 Conditions for the implementation of the idle speed adaptation process
Before starting training, a number of prerequisites must be met:
- travel by car for 10 minutes;
- ensure the battery voltage at idle speed is not less than 12.9 V;
- warm up the gearbox;
- the wheels of the vehicle must be straight, the steering wheel is in the middle position;
- engine temperature - 70–95 ° С;
- all devices that put a load on the machine's electrical network (glass heating, headlights, and so on) should be turned off;
- the automatic transmission selector is set to N or P.
4
It is advisable to adapt these devices before you teach idle speed. If the cable for the accelerator pedal position sensor has been disconnected, proceed as follows:
- Release the pedal completely.
- Turn the ignition key to "ON", wait at least two seconds;
- Switch off ignition, hold for 10 seconds;
- Repeat the procedure according to item 2, and then to item 3.
The described procedure (agree, quite simple) will teach the damper to open correctly. But to adapt the valve to the "Closed" position, you should perform the following operations:
- Release (fully) the accelerator pedal.
- Put the key in the "ON" position.
- Switch the ignition to "OFF" and wait 10 seconds.
- Make sure that the valve lever moves for 10 seconds (a characteristic sound indicates that there is movement).
5
Now you can proceed directly to teaching the idle speed, "armed" with a stopwatch and some patience. The procedure is performed like this:
- The engine starts and warms up to standard operating temperature.
- The ignition is switched off, no action is performed for 10 seconds.
- The ignition is switched on (the accelerator pedal is in the released position), wait 3 seconds.
- The following steps are performed five times in a row: the accelerator pedal is fully depressed and fully released.
- After 7 seconds, the pedal is pressed again (fully) and held in this state for 20 seconds.
- The pedal is completely (and at the same time without delay) released at the moment when the malfunction indicator on the panel stops flashing (it should glow with a steady light).
- Then immediately, without touching the accelerator pedal, you need to start the engine so that it functions at idle speed.
- We are waiting for about 20 seconds.
After all the voiced actions, we accelerate the engine (2-3 times) and make sure that the ignition timing and idle speed are in accordance with the standards. This completes the damper adaptation procedure.
