- a rather complex vehicle unit that requires appropriate attention and high-quality diagnostics. If the gearbox malfunctions, driving becomes not only uncomfortable, but also unsafe.

To date, the main problem associated with a gearbox malfunction is poor gear shifting. It should be noted that more often this applies to used cars, although problems of this kind on new cars in the budget segment are also no exception.

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Gears are poorly included: the main causes and breakdowns of the gearbox

As a rule, errors during the operation of the unit lead to irregularities in the operation of the box. In any case, a diagnosis is needed. In this case, the problems that arise when shifting the gearbox can be associated with such malfunctions:

Gears are turned on tightly or speeds do not turn on on a manual transmission: the main causes of the malfunction and possible malfunctions.

The reasons for the difficult engagement of gears when the engine is running. Transmission oil and level in the gearbox, wear of synchronizers and gears of the gearbox, clutch.

Correct gear shifting on a car with a manual transmission: when to engage a particular gear on a manual transmission, working with the clutch pedal, mistakes.

The gearbox is a rather complex unit that requires proper attention and diagnostics. Today, the problem of poor gear shifting is relevant for many vehicles, so it is important to understand how the unit is diagnosed and repaired. From this material you will find out why the first gear turns on poorly, what is the reason for this and how you can turn on the first speed if necessary.

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What are the reasons for the interruptions?

The gearbox is not only one of the most difficult, but also one of the most basic units in any vehicle. The causes of malfunctions due to which the first gear engages tightly can be associated with both improper use of the unit and driving on poor road surfaces. In any case, if you do not know why the speed turns on poorly, then this indicates a certain breakdown of the unit itself.

It should be noted that a similar problem often occurs with older cars that are bought hand-held, and not in car dealerships. Therefore, if you have purchased a used car, then you should not even be surprised at such a problem, especially since such malfunctions will appear in any car sooner or later. In addition, if you try to turn on the speed and this happens, but very badly and with great difficulty, then the unit selector may eventually stop responding to any commands from the motorist altogether. Naturally, not every driver will be able to constantly start driving from second speed, so it is important to understand the reasons why the first gear is hardly engaged.

Below is a list of breakdowns, as a result of which the gear lever will not shift gears well:

1. The problem is - the mechanism turns on poorly, the shutdown is incomplete. Often such a problem occurs in domestically produced cars and in most cases it is due to the fact that the mechanical clutch cable flies from the attachment point. In fact, it is not particularly difficult to identify this - if the cable breaks, the pedal will be sunk into the floor and will not move. This, as you understand, is directly related to the operation of the clutch, and not the gearbox.
2. There was a breakdown in the operation of the control rod of the gearshift mechanism. Then not only the first, but also the rear, as well as the rest of the speeds will turn on badly.
3. Breakdown of the jet thrust of the unit.
4. For unknown reasons, the fastening bolts located on the garnish or the selector of the gearbox mode selection rod have loosened. The problem is solved by tightening the bolts.
5. The gear change drive was incorrectly adjusted.
6. Plastic elements in the transmission control drive are out of order or have worked out their service life.
7. The rocker was poorly adjusted. As you know, the purpose of the rocker is very important in the connection between the gearbox and the gear selector, so incorrect adjustment may well be the cause of the problem. In addition, plastic bushings could wear out or fail on this link.
8. Failure of synchronizers can also be called one of the most common failures in gearboxes. Unit synchronizers are brass bushings required for easier switching between unit modes. Since brass itself is a soft material, it can wear out and wear during the operation of the vehicle. To correctly diagnose the state of the synchronizers, you should pay attention to the operation of the gearbox - if a grinding or unpleasant sound appears when shifting gears, then the problem is in them. Moreover, this sound will appear constantly when you try to turn on the first gear. In the event that only sound appears, but the gearbox selector turns on in one mode or another without problems, then a malfunction will arise soon.
9. Failure of the gearbox bearings. Such a malfunction does not occur so often, one might even say that it is rare, but any motorist can still encounter it. If you own a car with a manual transmission, then the bearings could jam in it, as a result of which the shaft stops rotating along the trajectory. In such cases, it is difficult to engage the first gear, at other speeds the problem usually does not appear.
10. The box shaft is out of order. The shaft of the unit is usually not subject to operational wear or very heavy loads, but the malfunction can be caused by a factory defect. In the event that even not very big mistakes were made in production, then the shaft may well break. If this is the case, then the problem of turning on the first speed may only be the beginning of a big breakdown that you have to face. As practice shows, often in such cases the unit itself breaks down completely.
11. The problem of clutch breakage is relevant for owners of cars with an automatic transmission. There are times when, with incorrect functioning of the clutches, when the first speed is turned on, a jolt occurs, but then everything works fine. The malfunction is solved only by replacing the clutches.

You, as a motorist, need to understand that a breakdown of the unit shaft or bearings cannot be diagnosed at home. Only experience and equipment will help to understand this reason. Accordingly, if problems arise with the inclusion of the first speed, it is advisable to immediately contact a professional.

How to turn on the first gear without harm to the box?

Often, inexperienced motorists, turning on the gearbox selector from second speed to first, may notice how some difficulties appear, in particular, how hard it is to engage the first gear. In such cases, the novice driver often tries to engage the speed using force, simply by driving the selector into the desired position. In no case should this be done, since such actions can be fraught.

Actually, noticing such a flaw in the manual transmission, motorists have developed a rule - the first speed should be turned on only in order to get under way. In all other cases, the second, third and fourth gears are included. Especially often experienced motorists use this rule, but we want to say from ourselves that this is, in principle, wrong.

Any auto instructor will tell you that the choice of speed should be based on the driving speed and engine speed. In principle, it is even possible to park normally only at first speed. If you try to park at second speed, you will have to maneuver very quickly, and in such cases a strong load will affect the grip. Actually, as well as on the gearbox unit itself. Accordingly, you must learn one simple rule for yourself - you can turn on the first gear while driving only if the speed is low and the crankshaft speed is low.

Gearbox theory

Every motorist who understands the structure of the gearbox knows that all modern cars with a manual transmission are equipped with synchronizers. This element is one of the important components of the unit. The purpose of the synchronizers is to equalize the revolutions of all gearbox shafts. In addition, these elements are responsible for painless for the box and shockless gear shifting.

It should be noted that immediately when the driver pushes the gearbox selector when switching from second gear to first, you can feel an obstacle. This obstacle prevents the activation of the first speed and it is this obstacle that is called the synchronizer. In the event that the gearbox is relatively new or a synchronizer has recently been installed on it, then you will not feel problems with the transition from an increased speed to a reduced one. The inclusion of the first gear will be carried out without any obstacles.

But if your vehicle has already passed more than a hundred thousand kilometers, then this will directly affect the functioning of some elements of the unit. In particular, in the first place, synchronizers will stop working normally - they simply will not be able to perform the tasks assigned to them initially. Then the motorist is forced to perform various "tricks" that the grandfathers told us about - these are all kinds of peregaski with and so on.

When performing such tricks, the rebase will perform the function of an equalizer of the gears mated to each other. Thus, if the difference in angular speeds is high, and the synchronizers are worn out enough, the driver will have to accelerate even more. In the event that the angular speeds are the same, the motorist will immediately understand this - the gearbox selector will be able to switch from high speed to low speed without any problems. Thus, making efforts will no longer be advisable.

Methods for engaging first gear

So, if the modes are poorly turned on in your vehicle and you have already figured out the reasons and the theory, then let's move on to the most important thing - the methods of engaging the first gear. The simplest method in this case would be to activate the first gear while driving a car. You need to effortlessly push the implement selector forward and do this until the corresponding synchronizer comes into operation. However, it should be noted that this method is relevant for most cars and some trucks.

It should be borne in mind that in most old trucks this will not work, since the device of the unit itself does not allow this, since they simply do not have synchronizers. In addition, you need to take into account that this method of activating the first speed is hardly relevant if the synchronizer on your vehicle has already worked out its service life. It will simply not be possible.

Then the motorist will only have to wait a while until the car practically stops to turn on the required speed. Or, using force, turn on the gearshift lever. In principle, neither the first nor the second method can be called the optimal way out in such a problem. As practice shows, it will be best to use the same old-fashioned method with re-gasification.

How to do this - you can find out below:

1. So, driving at second speed, start depressing the clutch pedal.
2. While pressing the pedal, move the gearbox selector to neutral. By doing this, you can deactivate the clutch pedal can be deactivated.
3. Then, when the pedal is fully lowered, you need to slightly add gas with your right foot while pressing the pedal. In this case, pay attention to the tachometer, which shows the number of revolutions. You need to bring the revolutions up to two and a half thousand per minute, that is, the arrow should be on the number 2500. Here, pay attention to its one important nuance - the greater the difference in the angular speeds of the mating gears of the box, the higher you need to raise the number of revolutions. That is, an indicator of 2,500 is the minimum, add gas if necessary.
4. Then depress the clutch pedal again.
5. Further, the gearbox selector should be moved to the activation position of the initial mode, that is, the first speed. Here, also pay attention to the fact that if the selector does not enter correctly into the required position, then most likely you just gave a little gas. If so, then repeat the steps, only add more gas.
6. Ultimately, you need to release the clutch pedal smoothly, not abruptly. If you did everything correctly, then the lever of the box will turn into the required position without any problems, jolts and extraneous sounds.

If you did not succeed in doing this, then do not be discouraged - the first time rarely anyone succeeds in performing a double rebase. By repeating the procedure several times, you will be able to remember everything you need to do to correctly engage the first speed. Actually, the same methods allow you to activate the first gear when driving in third, for example, if in an emergency you need to brake with the motor. In this case, the higher the driving speed, the longer you will have to wait for the synchronizers to help you. Or you need to step more on the gas.

But do not regard the double rebase as a way out of the situation. This method can be called a temporary solution, but the unit will still have to be repaired. Since replacing synchronizers is a rather complicated process, we recommend that you seek professional help. If you nevertheless decide to perform this procedure yourself, then the instructions provided below will come in handy.

When gears are poorly shifted, driving becomes not only unpleasant, but also unsafe. Let's look at the main reasons why gear changes are poor or not at all. And since the automatic transmission and manual transmission are too different, we will consider them separately.

If you have a mechanic

Poor gear shifting on a car with manual transmission for three reasons. The first of these is a clutch malfunction when it does not completely disengage (drive). The first sign of this malfunction is that the reverse gear is engaged with a characteristic bang. The rear one reacts to this anomaly more noticeably than other gears, because it is the only one not equipped with a synchronizer.

The second reason is a defect in the gear selection mechanism of the gearbox. And, finally, the third - excessive wear of gearbox synchronizers.

There are also several clutch malfunctions in which manual transmission gears are poorly shifted:

Excessive wear of the synchronizers is predominantly in those gears that are turned on more often: these are usually the first, second and third. The rear is not included in this list, since it does not have a synchronizer. When you have poor gear changes, and you assume that the reason for this is the wear of the synchronizers, firstly, you should have difficulties with this only on the go. Secondly, it is better to switch in this case if you use double squeeze.

For those who do not know what a double squeeze is. To upshift: depress the clutch, engage neutral, release and depress the clutch again, engage the gear.

Backlash in the so-called "helicopter" is one of the reasons for the fuzzy engagement of gears

To switch to a lower one: double squeezing must be combined with a gas release, that is, when the clutch pedal is released, and the gearbox is in neutral, you need to press and release the accelerator pedal. So they switch gears to an auto box which does not have synchronizers. If the box will shift more easily using a double release, then worn synchronizers are most likely to blame for poor gear shifting.

If the gears are poorly shifted when the car is stationary with the engine turned off, the malfunction may only be in the gear selection mechanism of the gearbox.

Look for a breakdown in it or check if it is correctly adjusted. Don't even think about the clutch and synchromesh.

For those who have a machine gun

If your car has an automatic transmission. It will not hurt you to know the modes in which your machine can operate:

The automatic gearbox has a still more button on the mode switch lever with the inscription O / D OFF. When it is turned on, the inclusion prohibition occurs, which increases the gears of the analogue of the 5th gear of the manual transmission. That is, if your automatic machine has 4 gears for moving forward, then for a more dynamic acceleration it will use only three lower gears.

The automatic transmission is much more complicated than those encountered with manual transmissions about a gearbox malfunction, and the chances of repairing it in your garage are small. But despite this, you still need to know something about her at least in order not to harm her by improper operation.

The automatic gearbox is much more demanding on the accuracy of maintaining the oil level in it than the mechanics. Both too low and excessively high oil levels are very harmful to it. Both can lead to serious damage. In both cases, oil foaming occurs. With a lack of oil due to the fact that the oil pump, together with the oil, begins to take in air. If there is an excess of oil, it is foamed by rotating parts, which in this case are immersed in it. Foamed oil compresses better and has low thermal conductivity. Therefore, if you operate the machine with such oil, the pressure in its control systems will be low. Which will lead to slipping of the clutches and their intense wear. The impaired thermal conductivity will not allow all excess heat to be removed. That, together with low pressure, will cause the machine to fail and require serious repairs.

Foamed oil has a larger volume. Therefore, checking the oil will indicate a level that is too high. If you find that the oil level has risen for no apparent reason, you need to turn off the engine and let the oil settle. Then check the level again. If it turns out to be low, you need to safely top up the required porium and repeat the check.

The oil level in the vending machine is checked using a dipstick or through a control hole closed with a plug.

How to check the oil level with a dipstick

• Warm up the oil to operating temperature (for this you need to drive about 15 km).

Select a flat horizontal area for measurement. Put the car on the handbrake.

• Move the lever to select the operating mode of the box through all positions, lingering in each from 3 to 5 seconds, until the machine is triggered.
• Leave the mode selector in position P, and in this position determine the oil level.
• Without turning off the engine, remove the oil dipstick, wipe it dry and reinsert it into the tube until it stops, then pull it out and read the readings. The upper limit of traces of oil on a dry dipstick should be at the mark marked hot or in an area with intersecting notches.

If the level is insufficient, you can add oil through the tube into which the dipstick is inserted. Do not forget that the automatic transmission is afraid of dirt, so only top up with clean new oil. Wipe the dipstick with a clean cloth that will not drop threads.

When checking the oil level, pay attention to its appearance. A dark liquid with a burning smell indicates that not everything is in order in the unit. First, try changing the oil and filter in the automatic transmission. The milky color of ATF indicates that coolant has entered the box. The coolant softens and inflates the material from which the clutches are made. Do not hesitate to change such oil, having previously eliminated the cause of the antifreeze getting into the box, otherwise the machine will suffer significant damage. Coolant can enter the box due to a leak in the oil section in the radiator of the cooling system. In this case, the emulsion will be observed both in the box and in the engine cooling system.

The most common machine malfunctions

• The car does not drive forward and reverse movement is normal. Possible reasons: wear of the forward clutch friction clutch, a defect in the piston of this clutch, breakage of the rings of the same clutch, jamming of the valve body valves.
• There is no reverse speed, there are only 1 and 2 forward. Probable reasons: wear of the reverse clutch clutches, malfunction of the piston of this clutch, damage to the spline connection in the drum housing, another defect of this drum.
• No back, forward everything works. Reasons: wear of the brake band, malfunction of the piston of this band or breakage of its rod, defects in the braking package.
• There is no forward or backward movement when any mode is turned on, there is a push to switch, but the car stands still. Reasons: malfunction of the torque converter, lack of oil, clogged filter.
• Only reverse, 1st and 2nd gears are included. Reasons: jamming of the valve in the valve body, low oil level, general wear of pistons and clutches of gear clutches that do not turn on.

Most often, the owners of nines complain that the VAZ 2109 does not turn on the speed or a crunch is heard during the inclusion and movement back. The first step is to analyze what you have recently changed in the box or clutch. Then remember the moment when the deviations from normal operation appeared. Check the oil level.

Causes of gearbox breakage

The complex mechanism is constantly working under load and under extreme conditions. Constant vibration, high temperatures, dust and dirt. If one or more speeds fail to turn on, you should check:

• tension and integrity of the cable;
• attachment of the wings;
• development on the clutch disc;
• petals on the basket;
• bearing integrity;
• condition of the plug.

Clutch

When the clutch discs wear out, the pedal lifts up, and its position becomes higher than the rest. In this case, when turned on, a crunch can be heard and the lever does not move, as if it rests on an obstacle. Do not force the knot, as this can lead to more serious damage - the gears will fly.

For such wear, it is characteristic that the clutch pedal falls into the floor and you can hear from the drivers that the speed does not turn on on the VAZ 2109. This usually applies to all gears, but only the first and reverse can fail.

You can check by removing the rubber plug. The shattered disc leaves fibers that look like tangled strands of hair. If such a phenomenon occurs, then a new clutch disc should be installed.

Cable

Due to constant loads, the cable is stretched and it must be periodically adjusted and tightened. In this case, the first and second speeds do not turn on on the VAZ 21093, the rear may also fail. To eliminate the breakdown, you need to drive into the pit and tighten the cable. If it is worn out, replace it immediately. You can do this with your own hands.

A similar breakdown can also manifest itself in the failure of gears to turn on when the engine is running. Sliding along the splines is limited and no fixation occurs.

Basket

The reason for the difficult shifting of individual gears, especially if there is a crackling sound that gradually fades away during movement, may be the destruction of the intermediate ring in the basket. Pay attention to the presence of oil droplets on the outside. Then remove the basket and check the o-ring and disc petals. Pay attention when buying new parts, since some models do not have a disc and then you have to put the pins and fix it yourself.

Backstage

The weakened curtain must be pulled up with an assistant. Special knowledge and skills are not required from him, just the ability to hold the lever in the desired position while you crawl under the car and tighten the bolts. When weakening the wings on the VAZ 2109, the speeds do not turn on, and first of all the rear.

Park the machine on a pit or hill to access the bottom. Move the lever to neutral if multiple speeds are not engaged. When only the reverse gear does not work, then adjust it along it. The assistant must keep the shift knob in the preset position, without deviating anywhere.

It is necessary to loosen the bolt from below by 13, check the engagement of the gears, and after putting everything in place, tighten the bolt. In case of a problem with several gears, everything is done the same way, but set in neutral, or rather the shift knob in the middle position. How to do this, you can watch the video.

Fork

Most often it fails on the road. It is worth slowing down at a traffic light, and the speed does not turn on to continue driving. A crack formed on the fork body at any time can lead to its destruction, even under light loads.

The first speed is not fixed

When starting to move from a standstill at first speed, especially from difficult ground such as sand and snow, you have to hold the gear lever, since it does not hold on its own, the gear is disengaged to neutral. There can be three reasons for this breakdown:

• the link is loose and does not fix the fork;
• gear and coupling wear;
• displacement of the engine on the pillows and knocking out the box.

You should completely check the condition of the fasteners of all parts and assemblies. The gearbox is rigidly fixed to the engine. However, when the motor slides on pillows, the first speed can be knocked out. Tighten all bolts and check the firmness of the attachment to the body. You can do this work yourself.

Fasten the rocker more rigidly to the shift lever, select the backlash, because it is she who is responsible for fixing the lever in the desired position. To do this, you need to put the car in the pit. Open the lid and conduct an audit. Pay particular attention to the condition of the gearing.

When worn, gears can slip and pop out without transmitting torque. When you press the lever with your hand, the clutch fits forcibly and engagement occurs.

New box

There are problems when they took the car from the service station, and the speed of the VAZ 21093 gearbox does not turn on. At the same time, when the engine is not running, the shift lever moves smoothly, without cracking. As soon as the car is started, the gears stop turning on. First of all, check the movement of the gear and fork along the splines - along the axis of the shaft. Since you opened the box, then pay attention to the position of the driven disk, whether it was placed correctly.

If you find faults shortly after servicing the car at the service, do not tinker with it yourself. Send your car back and let the locksmith find and fix their jambs on their own. Remember that you do not have to pay for reworking low-quality repairs.

VAZ 2109 does not turn on the reverse speed

The location of the rear speed in the extreme position most often leads to its refusal to engage. Since several models have exactly the same boxes, the VAZ 21093 does not turn on the reverse speed for the same reason. It may be a short lever and the yoke is missing to the desired position.

It is enough to look at the photo of the gearbox from below to determine the cause. Repairs should be carried out in the pit, since everything will have to be done from below. You need to loosen the wings. Align the gears with reverse gear and tighten the bolt. The lever should be in the reverse gear position.

The first speed does not turn on when driving

Often, when the first speed is turned on when the car is moving, it wedges and does not work. When starting to move from a place, there are no problems. Some "experts" even put forward the theory that from the first gear you just need to start moving, and you should not use it during maneuvers.

This problem arises due to the fact that the injectors do not have time to align the torque of the gear wheels, and the driver forcibly tries to connect them. The flywheel spins much faster than the drive shaft and the teeth can fly if the force is large.

Do not rush to put pressure on the lever. Bring it to neutral, apply light pressure to the first speed position, and wait until the synchromesh do their job and the gear engages.

For old boxes, there is an instruction for switching with a re-gas. Shifting down a gear while driving, place the stick in neutral, press the throttle to increase the RPM, and then smoothly change the speed. This method is used by the owners of surviving vintage cars, the price of which has recently increased significantly.

As a result of the constant stress that the manual transmission and clutch are subjected to, most drivers are increasingly beginning to notice gear shifting problems.

However, not everyone has time to react to them in a timely manner, because often the only sign of a manual transmission malfunction is the incomplete engagement of the gears or the implementation of their start with a slight stretch. Therefore, in order to avoid serious problems in the future, one should very carefully monitor such manifestations and promptly eliminate the cause that provoked their appearance. It is better to immediately seek help from a car service, for example, if you are from St. Petersburg, then here http://spb-avtoremont.ru/p264438239-remont-kpp-mkpp.html.

Searching for a reason

The easiest way to determine why the gears are not included in the manual transmission are in two ways:

1. Stop the engine and turn on the speed - If nothing happens, then the problem is most likely due to faulty synchronizers or gears. To determine the culprit for the breakdown, the manual transmission will have to be disassembled.

2. Start the engine and engage the speed - If it does not work, then the problem is in the clutch. Most often, this malfunction is provoked by such problems as insufficient lubrication, incomplete clutch engagement and a lack of fluid in the hydraulic drive system. In this case, the last malfunction is typical only for vehicles equipped with a hydraulic clutch.

In any case, in order to determine the true cause, you will have to remove the manual transmission and inspect the condition in which the clutch basket is located, if it is satisfactory, check the volume of fluid that is in the expansion tank and, if there is a shortage of it, top up.

Insufficient lubrication

Despite the fact that when there is a lack of lubricant in the manual transmission, the gears still turn on, it can be quite difficult to switch them, since the gears cannot fully engage with each other. In addition, insufficient lubrication can damage even synchronizers over time.

Therefore, when you hear an unpleasant metal grinding noise when shifting gears, check the oil level in the manual transmission and inspect it for drips. If present, replace all gaskets and seals. It will not be superfluous to change at the same time the oil seals located in the shank and on the input shaft.

Major problems and their elimination

If the previous test methods did not give anything and the malfunction that provoked the problems with shifting gears on the manual transmission is not determined, then you need to inspect the condition in which the clutch basket is located. The main impetus for this should be the fact that the gears stop switching on exactly when the engine is running.

Throw-out bearing - In normal condition, its movement on the input shaft should be free of obstacles. In the event that it starts to jam in some places and it moves along them with difficulty, then the reason is in it. However, do not worry, as it is solved by simply replacing the problematic part.

Disc Wear - To determine how much disc is worn, disassemble the basket and visually assess its condition. The friction linings must be free of carbon deposits and the rivets under the disc must not be visible. In the event that one of these problems is present, the disk will need to be replaced. Most likely, after this procedure, the problem with the inclusion of gears will be resolved.

Malfunction of the basket itself - With long-term use of the car, the so-called "petals" that make up the basket wear out a lot, as a result of which they become very susceptible to high temperatures and can no longer cope with the removal of the pressure plate. Often, to determine the state in which the petals are located, a simple, visual inspection is enough - its petals will be deformed or traces of overheating will be reflected on them. In this case, the basket will have to be replaced.

Power steering - If there is not enough fluid in the system or there is air in it, the transmissions to the manual transmission may not turn on periodically. For diagnosis, inspect the reservoir and inspect all drive elements, including hoses, tubes and release cylinder. All identified areas with leaks will need to be eliminated and the system pumped.

Clutch assembly

If you had to disassemble the clutch in order to detect a problem with shifting gears, be extremely careful when reassembling it. Tighten all threaded connections with the utmost care. And be sure to center the clutch before installing the manual transmission. For this purpose, you can use both a special tool and the input shaft, which will have to be removed from the old gearbox.