, passed a set of motor tests using the latest Sequence Engine Test IX methodology and one of the first in the world and the first in Europe to receive API SN Plus licenses from the American Petroleum Institute. RAVENOL once again demonstrates leadership in technology and the production of innovative, high-quality motor oils!

API SN Plus Specification Information

The American Petroleum Institute (API) introduced the new API SN Plus specification on May 1, 2018. Before the introduction of the new API SP and ILSAC GF-6 specifications, at the request of automakers, an intermediate API specification SN Plus. Its main differences from API SN are shown in the graph.

Why was a new specification needed?

One of the world's largest automakers, the American corporation GM, on August 31, 2018, introduced a new quality standard for DEXOS 1 Gen 2 motor oils. To obtain this new license motor oils are tested for turbocharged engine GM 2.0L Ecotec, which is known in Europe as A20NFT or A20NHT. It is installed on a large number of cars, including popular ones in Europe Opel Insignia, Astra J, Astra K, Saab 9-5, 9-3, as well as on models for the American market Buick Regal, Verano, Cadillac SLS.

But the auto industry demands industry-wide standards. Therefore, it was decided to add one more additional test for the LSPI phenomenon to the motor test matrix for API SN. This test is called Sequence IX and is carried out according to Ford methods on a turbocharged two-liter EcoBoost engine installed on Ford Explorer(American engine code BB5Z-6006-A, in Europe it is known as T20HDTX). API SN Plus requires up to 5 LSPI events per Sequence IX test. RAVENOL DXG 5W-30 and RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 motor oils have shown zero incidence of LSPI when tested on both GM and Ford engines. A graphical comparison of the API SN and API SN Plus standards shows that the basic requirements remain the same, with the exception of additional test for premature ignition of the mixture in the cylinder (Seq IX).

What is LSPI?

Low Speed ​​Pre Ignition (LSPI) - premature ignition of the mixture in the cylinder. Occurs in turbo engines with direct injection type GDI. Fuel-air mixture ignites too early, forming overpressure in cylinders. In most cases, LSPI manifests itself as "engine noise" and can lead to serious damage, because During LSPI, the pistons and connecting rods rise up and are especially susceptible to failure. In the very as a last resort Piston rings are damaged or broken, connecting rods are bent and spark plugs are damaged.

Which RAVENOL products are licensed under API SN Plus?

Currently, two RAVENOL products are licensed under API SN Plus:

Product Information

RAVENOL DFE SAE 0W-20

Art. 1111109-004

RAVENOL DFE SAE 0W-20 is a fully synthetic polyalphaolefin based motor oil manufactured using CleanSynto® technology for gasoline engines with and without turbocharging. Keeps the turbocharger clean. RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 reduces friction, wear and fuel consumption. Extended replacement intervals according to vehicle manufacturers' requirements.

RAVENOL DFE SAE 0W-20 prevents LSPI (in-cylinder pre-ignition) in GDI engines, helping to avoid engine damage. Provides excellent characteristics and optimal lubricating properties during “cold” start-up. By significantly reducing fuel consumption, RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 contributes to the protection environment by reducing harmful emissions into it.

RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 is officially licensed by GM dexos1™ Gen 2, which is required for gasoline OPEL engines, GENERAL MOTORS, Chevrolet, Daewoo and Holden.

Specifications:

Licenses:

API SN Plus, SN (RC), ILSAC GF-5

Official clearance:

GM dexos1™ Gen 2 license Nr. D10689HJ081

Ford WSS-M2C947-A

RAVENOL DXG 5W-30

Art. 1111124-005

RAVENOL DXG 5W-30 is a fully synthetic polyalphaolefin (PAO) motor oil formulated with CleanSynto® technology for petrol engines with and without turbocharging, e.g. GDI engines with direct (direct) fuel injection.

Thanks to its unique formulation with a combination of high and low viscosity PAOs, RAVENOL does not rely heavily on VI improvers. Star-shaped polymers are used as viscosity modifiers in this formulation. Viscosity modifiers improve the lubricating properties of the oil as temperatures rise, thereby allowing the oil to be used over a wide range of operating temperatures. Polymer viscosity modifiers are effective in oils operating under moderate loads in the absence of high shear strain. At high load And high speed shear, long thickener molecules can break into small fragments, as a result of which the effectiveness of the thickener during operation gradually decreases.

Trinuclear molybdenum and organic friction modifiers (OFM) were introduced into the formulation as agents that minimize engine wear. A highly polar base oil of the fifth group was also used, which has good compatibility with the PAO used. RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 reduces friction, wear and fuel consumption, and provides excellent cold start performance. A durable oil film is ensured even at very high operating temperatures, which protects against corrosion as well as oil evaporation (oxidation) or coking.

By significantly reducing fuel consumption, RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 helps protect the environment by reducing harmful emissions. The product also prevents LSPI (in-cylinder pre-ignition), which helps avoid engine damage.

Specifications:

API SN Plus, SN (RC), ILSAC GF-5

Licenses:

API SN Plus, SN (RC), ILSAC GF-5

Official clearance:

GM dexos1™ Gen 2 license No. D10709HK081

Ford WSS-M2C946-A, Ford WSS-M2C929-A, Chrysler MS-6395, Honda/Acura HTO-06

Obtaining an official API SN Plus license allows you to use RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 and RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 motor oils during the warranty and post-warranty periods in all engines requiring a level of quality lubricants API SN including turbocharged gasoline engines with direct fuel injection, for example: Ford/Jaguar/Land Rover/Volvo EcoBoost, GM/Opel/Chevrolet Ecotec, Mazda SkyActiv, Nissan DIG-T, Renault TCe, Mitsubishi/Hyundai T-GDI, Toyota 8AR-FTS/ 8NR-FTS, Honda VTEC-Turbo and others.

Please note that RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 and RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 engine oils with DEXOS 1 Gen 2 approval are available at Russian market since August 2017. These oils have now received an official API SN Plus license. At the same time, the oil recipe did not change. This indicates that RAVENOL technologies are ahead of existing industry standards. Now there are canisters on sale with labels that still indicate the API SN license, but in fact these have long been API SN Plus. It’s just that until May 1, 2018, the American Petroleum Institute did not issue API SN licenses and oil producers did not have the right to indicate API SN Plus on their labels. You can always check the latest information about licenses on the official API website in the section https://engineoil.api.org/Directory/EolcsResults?accountId=-1&brandName=RAVENOL

Types of motor oils - Explanation of motor oil

The oil, which is called “synthetic” (usually designated as Fully Synthetic on the box), has a synthetic base obtained by synthesizing chemical elements. The main differences between “synthetics” are the ability to set a number of parameters in advance, even when creating the oil base, as well as the maximum content of various additives. Therefore, such oils often provide better protection and cleaning properties, do not thicken much in severe frosts, and can withstand maximum operating temperatures.

« Mineralka"(often marked Mineral on the box), oil with a mineral base obtained from petroleum by processing it; it is much cheaper. However, such oil does not provide the same maximum performance results as “synthetics” - it does not withstand such high temperatures, thickens more in the cold, oxidizes faster and requires replacement, and when it boils, it leaves waste in the engine.

« Semi-synthetics"(designation Semi-Synthetic) is a kind of golden mean between the two previous types of oils. Often, semi-synthetics are created on a mineral basis, but with the addition of a large number of various additives that bring the performance properties of this oil closer to “synthetics”. At the same time, “semi-synthetics” are somewhat cheaper than “synthetics”.

Motor oil has two main parameters by which its classification is carried out - its area of ​​application (diesel engine, old gasoline engine, modern turbodiesel, etc.) and viscosity-temperature properties. Despite the different base oils, they are all classified according to the same standards. Today the most popular classifications are SAE and API.

Viscosity-temperature properties are classified only by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) - in other words, it is the SAE indicator that regulates how “thick” or “thin” the oil is. Most oils today are “universal”, i.e. suitable for both winter and summer use. Their SAE class written in two numbers separated by a hyphen, with a letter in between - W - for example 10W-40. The letter W means that this oil is suitable for winter use, and the number in front of it is an indicator of low-temperature viscosity (roughly speaking, how cold this oil will withstand). The second number is an indicator of high-temperature viscosity (i.e. how much summer heat the oil can withstand). However, if the oil is suitable only for summer use, then its designation will look, for example, SAE 30.

Decoding engine oil - SAE numbers

Low temperature viscosity indicators mean the following:

* 0W- oil is suitable for use in frosts down to -35-30 degrees. WITH
* 5W- oil is suitable for use in frosts down to -30-25 degrees. WITH
* 10W- oil is suitable for use in frosts down to -25-20 degrees. WITH
* 15W- oil is suitable for use in frosts down to -20-15 degrees. WITH
* 20W- oil is suitable for use in frosts down to -15-10 degrees. WITH

High temperature viscosity indicators mean the following:

* 30 - oil is suitable for use in heat up to +20-25 degrees. WITH
* 40 oil is suitable for use in heat up to +35-40 degrees. WITH
* 50 oil is suitable for use in heat up to +45-50 degrees. WITH
* 60 oil is suitable for use in heat up to +50 degrees. From and above

The lower the number, the thinner the oil. higher figure- the thicker it is. Thus, 10W-30 oil can be used at ambient temperatures from -20-25 degrees below zero to +20-25 degrees above zero.

Decoding engine oil - API numbers

The area of ​​application of the oil is classified mainly by API (American Petroleum Institute) - API designations are written with two letters (for example, SJ or CF), the first of which indicates the engine type: S-petrol engine, C-diesel. The second letter specifies the conditions for using the oil - a modern engine or an old one, with or without a turbine. If the oil is designated API SJ/CF, it means that it is suitable for both gasoline and diesel engines of this category.

API designations for gasoline engines:

* SC - cars developed before 1964
* SD - cars, developed 1964-1968
* SE - cars developed 1969-1972
* SF - cars, developed 1973-1988
* SG - cars, developed from 1989-1994, for harsh operating conditions
* SH - cars developed in 1995-1996, for harsh operating conditions
* SJ - cars developed in 1997-2000, better energy-saving properties
* SL - cars, developed from 2001-2003, extended service life
* SM - cars developed since 2004, SL + increased oxidation resistance

When changing the type of oil, according to the API classification, you can only go “increasingly” and change the class only by a couple of points. For example, use SJ instead of SH; usually a higher class oil already contains the necessary additives of the “previous” oil. However, for example, you should not switch from SD (for old cars) to SL (for modern cars) - the oil may turn out to be too aggressive.

API designations for diesel engines:

* CB - cars before 1961, high sulfur content in fuel
* CC - cars before 1983, operating in difficult conditions
* CD - cars before 1990, a lot of sulfur in fuel and difficult conditions work
* CE - cars before 1990, engine with turbine
* CF - cars from 1990, with a turbine
* CG-4 - cars from 1994, with a turbine
* CH-4 - cars since 1998, subject to high US toxicity standards
* CI-4 - modern cars, with turbine, with EGR valve
* CI-4 plus - similar to the previous one, under high US toxicity standards

In Europe, ACEA oil classification is often used ( European Association auto manufacturers). In part, the requirements for oil quality overlap with the API requirements, however, they are more stringent in a number of parameters. Oils for gasoline and diesel engines are designated by the letter combination “A/B” with a specific number after the letter. And the higher this figure, the higher the requirements for the oil: for example, an oil with an ACEA A3/B3 class also has an API SL/CF class. However, using highly loaded turbocharged compact motors, Europeans are forced to develop and special oils with maximum protective properties and minimal viscosity (in order to reduce friction losses and improve environmental performance). For example, an ACEA A5/B5 class oil may be “cooler” than API SM/CI-4 in a number of parameters.

There is also a classification of oil according to ISLAC (an international committee created by the Americans and Japanese), however, all ISLAC quality standards overlap with API standards. Thus, ISLAC GL-1 oils are used for gasoline engines and correspond to API SH oils, ISLAC GL-2 oils are used in gasoline engines and comply with API SJ, and ISLAC GL-3, as you might guess, are used in gasoline engines and comply API SL. Same for Japanese diesel cars Oil of the JASO DX-1 specification may be required, which takes into account the stringent quality requirements for motor oils for modern environmentally friendly, highly loaded Japanese turbodiesels.
Video: Are all motor oils the same?

Watch a video about choosing and replacing engine oil.

Video: composition of motor oil.

Video clip about a unique additive to motor oil.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6zt8_su3EQ

Tags: Engine oil decoding, SAE and API numbers.

Probably, any car enthusiast will agree that the key to long-lasting and trouble-free operation of the engine is the use of high-quality motor oils, the characteristics of which would correspond to the maximum extent to the parameters specified by the manufacturer. Considering the fact that automobile oils operate in a wide range of temperatures and at high pressure, and are also exposed to aggressive environments, very serious requirements are placed on them. In order to streamline oils and facilitate their selection for a specific engine type, a number of international standards. Currently, the world's leading manufacturers use the following generally accepted motor oil classifications:

• SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers;
• API – American Petroleum Institute;
• ACEA – Association European manufacturers cars.
• ILSAC – International Committee for Standardization and Approbation of Motor Oils.

Domestic oils are also certified according to GOST.

Classification of motor oils according to SAE

One of the main properties of motor oils is viscosity, which changes depending on temperature. SAE classification separates all oils depending on their viscosity-temperature properties for the following classes:

• Winter – 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W;
• Summer - 20, 30, 40, 50, 60;
• All-season oils are indicated by a double number, for example, 0W-30, 5W-40.

SAE class	Low temperature viscosity		High temperature viscosity
	Cranking	Pumpability	Viscosity, mm 2 /s, at 100 °C		Minimum viscosity, mPa*s, at 150 °C and shear rate 10 6 s -1
	Maximum viscosity, mPa*s
	6200 at -35 °C	60000 at -40 °C
	6600 at -30 °C	60000 at -35 °C
	7000 at -25 °C	60000 at -30 °C
	7000 at -20 °C	60000 at -25 °C
	9500 at -15 °C	60000 at -20 °C
	13000 at -10 °C	60000 at -15 °C
					3.5 (0W-40; 5W-40; 10W-40)
					3.7 (15W-40; 20W-40; 25W-40)

The main characteristic of winter oils is low temperature viscosity , which is determined by the indicators of cranking and pumpability. Maximum low temperature viscosity cranking measured according to ASTM D5293 method on a CCS viscometer. This indicator corresponds to the values ​​at which the required rotation speed for starting the engine is ensured crankshaft. Viscosity pumpability determined according to ASTM D4684 method on an MRV viscometer. The pumpability temperature limit determines the minimum temperature at which the pump is able to supply oil to engine parts without allowing dry friction between them. The viscosity ensuring normal operation of the lubrication system does not exceed 60,000 mPa*s.

For summer oils minimum and maximum values kinematic viscosity at 100 °C, as well as minimum dynamic viscosity at a temperature of 150 °C and a shear rate of 10 6 s -1.

All-season oils must meet the requirements that are defined for the corresponding classes of winter and summer oils included in the designation.

Classification of motor oils according to API

The main indicators of oils in accordance with the API classification are: engine type and operating mode, operational properties and conditions of use, year of manufacture. The standard provides for the division of oils into two categories:

• Category “S” (Service) – oils intended for 4-stroke gasoline engines;
• Category “C” (Commercial) – oils for diesel engines of vehicles, road construction equipment and agricultural machines.

The oil class designation includes two letters: the first is category (S or C), the second is level operational properties.

The numbers in the designations (for example, CF-4, CF-2) give an idea of ​​the applicability of oils in 2-stroke or 4-stroke engines.

If the motor oil can be used in both gasoline and diesel engines, the designation consists of two parts. The first indicates the type of engine for which the oil is optimized, the second indicates another permitted engine type. An example of a designation is API SI-4/SL.

	Operating conditions
Category S
	Oils intended for gasoline engines of passenger cars, vans and light trucks. The SH class provides an improvement on the performance of the SG class, which it replaced.
	Ensures compliance with SH requirements and also introduces Additional requirements in terms of oil consumption, energy-saving properties and resistance to deposit formation when heated.
	Provides for improvement of antioxidant, energy-saving and detergent properties of oils.
	Sets even more stringent requirements for motor oils.
	The standard applies additional requirements to ensure energy efficiency and wear resistance, and also implies a reduction in wear of engine rubber products. API SN class oils can be used in engines running on biofuel.
Category C
	Suitable for oils used in high-speed diesel engines.
	Suitable for oils used in high-speed diesel engines. Provides for the use of oils when contained in diesel fuel sulfur up to 0.5%. Provides an increase in the service life of engines with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. There are additional requirements for antioxidant properties, wear resistance, deposit formation, foaming, degradation of sealing materials, and loss of shear viscosity.
	Suitable for oils used in high-speed diesel engines. Provides the possibility of use with sulfur content in diesel fuel up to 0.05% by weight. Oils corresponding to the CJ-4 class work especially effectively in engines with diesel particulate filters (DPF) and other exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. They also have improved antioxidant properties, stability over a wide temperature range, and resistance to deposit formation.

Classification of motor oils according to ACEA

The ACEA classification was developed by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association in 1995. The latest edition of the standard provides for the division of oils into three categories and 12 classes:

• A/B – gasoline and diesel engines of cars, vans, minibuses (A1/B1-12, A3/B3-12, A3/B4-12, A5/B5-12);
• C – gasoline and diesel engines with exhaust gas catalyst (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
• E – heavy-duty diesel engines (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).

In addition to the class of motor oil, the ACEA designation indicates the year of its introduction, as well as the publication number (if the technical requirements have been updated).

Classification of motor oils according to GOST

According to GOST 17479.1-85, motor oils are divided into:

• kinematic viscosity classes;
• performance groups.

By kinematic viscosity GOST 17479.1-85 divides oils into the following classes:

• summer – 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
• winter - 3, 4, 5, 6;
• all-season – 3 W /8, 4 W /6, 4 W /8, 4 W /10, 5 W /10, 5 W /12, 5 W /14, 6 W /10, 6 W /14, 6 W / 16 (the first number indicates the winter class, the second – the summer class).

Viscosity classes of motor oils according to GOST 17479.1-85:

Viscosity grade	Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C		Kinematic viscosity at a temperature of -18 °C, mm 2 /s, no more

By Areas of use All motor oils are divided into six groups - A, B, C, D, D, E.

Groups of motor oils by performance properties according to GOST 17479.1-85:

Group of oils by performance properties
		Unboosted gasoline engines and diesels
		Low-boost gasoline engines operating in conditions conducive to the formation of high-temperature deposits and bearing corrosion
		Low-power diesel engines
		Medium-boosted gasoline engines operating in conditions conducive to oil oxidation and the formation of all types of deposits
		Medium-boost diesel engines that place increased demands on the anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties of oils and the tendency to form high-temperature deposits
		Highly accelerated gasoline engines operating in harsh operating conditions that promote oil oxidation, the formation of all types of deposits, corrosion and rusting
		Highly boosted naturally aspirated or moderately aspirated diesel engines operating in operating conditions that promote the formation of high-temperature deposits
		Highly accelerated gasoline engines operating in operating conditions more severe than for oils of group G 1
		Highly accelerated supercharged diesel engines operating under severe operating conditions or when the fuel used requires the use of oils with high neutralizing ability, anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties, and low tendency to form all types of deposits
		Highly accelerated gasoline and diesel engines operating in operating conditions more severe than for oils of groups D 1 and D 2. They are characterized by increased dispersing ability and better anti-wear properties.

Index 1 indicates that the oil is intended for gasoline engines, index 2 for diesel engines. Universal oils do not have an index in the designation.

Example of motor oil designation:

M – 4 Z /8 – V 2 G 1

M – motor oil, 4 Z/8 – viscosity class, B 2 G 1 – can be used in medium-boosted diesel engines (B 2) and high-boost gasoline engines (G 1).

Classification of motor oils according to ILSAC

The International Motor Oil Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) has issued five motor oil standards: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5.

	Year of introduction	Description
	Outdated	Meets the quality requirements of API SH classification; viscosity grades SAE 0W-XX, SAE 5W-XX, SAE 10W-XX; where XX - 30, 40, 50, 60
		Meets quality requirements according to the API SJ classification; additional SAE 0W-20, 5W-20 are added to classes GF-1
		Complies with API SL classification. It differs from GF-2 and API SJ in significantly better antioxidant and anti-wear properties, as well as improved volatility indicators. ILSAC CF-3 and API SL classes are similar in many ways, but GF-3 class oils are necessarily energy efficient.
		Complies with API SM classification with mandatory energy-saving properties. SAE viscosity grades 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30 and 10W-30. It differs from the GF-3 category in its higher oxidation resistance, improved cleaning properties and less tendency to form deposits. In addition, oils must be compatible with exhaust gas catalysts.
		Meets API SM classification requirements with more stringent requirements for fuel economy, catalyst compatibility, volatility, detergency, and deposit resistance. New requirements are being introduced to protect turbocharging systems from deposit formation and compatibility with elastomers.

This motor oil classification system was created in 1969 by the American Fuels Institute ( American Petroleum Institute ). Popular classification API also called classification of motor oil quality.

In particular, this classification divides motor oils into two types: for gasoline and diesel engines. For each of these types, quality classes are provided, which, in fact, describe a certain set of properties and qualities for motor oils of each class.

On the label there is information about assigning a class to the motor oil. API system provided in this form: API SJ, API CF-4, or API SJ/CF-4.

It should be noted that the absence of information on the motor oil label about compliance with any of the API classes clearly means that this motor oil either does not have an API certificate at all, or the quality class assigned to it is hopelessly outdated.

What do the API code symbols mean?

The alphanumeric code is a designation of the oil class. In this case, the first letter of the encoding indicates the type of oil:

“S” - motor oils for gasoline engines;

“C” is oil for a diesel engine.

If it can be used in both types of engines, then this oil is assigned two classes - for diesel and gasoline engines. On the oil label, these classes are separated by a slash - for example, API SJ/CF-4. In this case, the first is the oil class that corresponds to the more preferable (in the opinion of the oil manufacturer) application. That is, in the above case, the main purpose of the oil is for gasoline engines, but the manufacturer allows its use in diesel engines.

What are the API oil classes and how many are there?

Technology does not stand still, and every year automakers put forward more and more new requirements for motor oils. Therefore, oil classes are regularly updated, every few years. At the time of writing this article, the following classes exist:

API motor oil quality classes: gasoline engines

API class S.M.

Motor oils for modern gasoline (multi-valve, turbocharged) engines. Compared to the SL class, motor oils that meet API SM requirements must have more high performance protection against oxidation and premature wear engine parts. In addition, standards regarding the properties of oil at low temperatures have been raised. Motor oils of this class can be certified according to the ILSAC energy efficiency class

Motor oils that meet the requirements of API SL, SM can be used in cases where the car manufacturer recommends class SJ or earlier.

API SL class

Motor oils for engines of cars manufactured after 2000.

In accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers, motor oils of this class are used in multi-valve, turbocharged engines running on lean fuel mixtures that meet modern increased environmental and energy saving requirements.

Motor oils that meet API SL requirements can be used in cases where the car manufacturer recommends class SJ or earlier.

API class SJ

Motor oils for use in gasoline engines starting from 1996.

API class SJ describes motor oils that are used in gasoline engines starting in 1996. Motor oils of this class are intended for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars and sports cars, minibuses and light trucks, which are serviced in accordance with the requirements of vehicle manufacturers. SJ has the same minimum standards as SH, plus additional requirements for carbon formation and low temperature operation. Motor oils that meet API SJ requirements can be used in cases where the vehicle manufacturer recommends class SH or earlier.

API class SH

Motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1994.

The class was adopted in 1992 for motor oils recommended since 1993. This class is characterized by higher requirements compared to the SG class, and was developed as a substitute for the latter to improve the anti-carbon, antioxidant, anti-wear properties of oils and increased corrosion protection. Motor oils of this class are intended for use in gasoline engines passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks, in accordance with their manufacturers' recommendations. Motor oils of this class were tested in accordance with the requirements of the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). Motor oils of this class can be used in cases where the vehicle manufacturer recommends class SG or earlier.

API class SG

Motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1989.

Designed for use in gasoline engines of passenger cars, minibuses and light trucks. Motor oils of this class have properties that provide improved protection against soot, oil oxidation and engine wear, compared to previous classes, and also contain additives that protect against rust and corrosion of internal engine parts. SG class motor oils meet the requirements for motor oils for diesel engines. API motors CC and can be used where classes SF, SE, SF/CC or SE/CC are recommended.

API class SF

Motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1980 (obsolete class).

These motor oils were used in gasoline engines produced in 1980-1989, subject to the recommendations and instructions of the engine manufacturer. Provide enhanced oxidation stability, improved protection against wear of parts, in comparison basic characteristics SE motor oils, as well as more reliable protection from soot, rust and corrosion. Motor oils of the SF class could be used as substitutes for the previous classes SE, SD or SC.

API SE class

Motor oils for gasoline engines produced since 1972 (obsolete class). These motor oils were used in gasoline engines of 1972-79 models, as well as some 1971 models. Additional protection compared to SC and SD motor oils and can be used as substitutes for these categories.

API SD class

Motor oils for use in gasoline engines since 1968 (obsolete class). Motor oils of this class were used in gasoline engines of passenger cars and some trucks produced in 1968-70, as well as some models of 1971 and later. Improved protection compared to SC motor oils, also used only if recommended by the engine manufacturer.

API SC class

Motor oils for gasoline engines starting from 1964 (obsolete class). Typically used in engines of passenger cars and some trucks produced in 1964-1967. Reduce high- and low-temperature carbon deposits, wear, and also protect against corrosion.

API class SB

Motor oils for low-power gasoline engines (obsolete class). Motor oils of the 30s of the 20th century, which provided fairly light protection against wear and oxidation, as well as anti-corrosion protection of bearings in engines operated under light load conditions. Motor oils of this class can only be used if they are specifically recommended by the engine manufacturer.

API SA class

Motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines. An obsolete class of oils for use in old engines operating in conditions and modes in which protection of parts with the help of additives is not necessary. Motor oils of this class can only be used if they are recommended by the engine manufacturer.

API motor oil quality classes: diesel engines

API class CJ-4

Designed for heavily loaded engines, licensed since October 2006.

Meets key NOx and particulate matter emissions standards for 2007 engines. Limits are introduced on CJ-4 oils for certain indicators: ash content less than 1.0%, sulfur 0.4%, phosphorus 0.12%.

The new classification accommodates the requirements of earlier API categories CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, but carries significant requirements changes in response to the needs of new engines that meet the new environmental standards 2007 and later models.

API Class CI-4 (CI-4 PLUS)

New performance class of motor oils for diesel engines. Compared to API CI-4, the requirements for specific soot content, as well as volatility and high-temperature oxidation, are increased. When certified in this classification, motor oil must be tested in seventeen motor tests.

API class CI-4

The class was introduced in 2002. These motor oils are used in modern diesel engines with various types injection and supercharging.

Motor oil corresponding to this class must contain appropriate detergent-dispersant additives and, in comparison with the CH-4 class, has increased resistance to thermal oxidation, as well as higher dispersing properties. In addition, such motor oils provide a significant reduction in engine oil waste by reducing volatility and reducing evaporation during operating temperature up to 370°C, under the influence of gases. The requirements regarding cold pumpability have also been strengthened, the service life of clearances, tolerances and engine seals has been increased by improving the fluidity of the motor oil.

API CI-4 class was introduced due to the emergence of new, more stringent environmental and toxicity requirements exhaust gases, which apply to engines manufactured from October 1, 2002.

API class CH-4

The class was introduced on December 1, 1998. Motor oils of this class are used in four-stroke diesel engines that operate in high-speed modes and comply with the requirements of exhaust gas toxicity norms and standards adopted in 1998.

Auto API oils CH-4 meets the fairly stringent requirements of both American and European diesel engine manufacturers. Class requirements are specifically designed for use in engines running on high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of up to 0.5%. At the same time, in contrast to the API CG-4 class, the resource of these motor oils is less sensitive to the use of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%, which is especially important for the countries of South America, Asia, and Africa.

API CH-4 engine oils meet increased requirements and must contain additives that more effectively prevent valve wear and carbon deposits. internal surfaces. Can be used as a substitute for API CD, API CE, API CF-4 and API CG-4 motor oils in accordance with the engine manufacturer's recommendations.

API class CG-4

The class was introduced in 1995. Motor oils of this class are recommended for four-stroke diesel engines of buses, trucks and tractors of main and non-mainline types, which are operated under high load conditions, as well as high-speed modes. API CG-4 engine oil is suitable for engines that use high-quality fuel with a specific sulfur content of no more than 0.05%, as well as for engines for which there are no special requirements for fuel quality (specific sulfur content can reach 0.5% ).

Motor oils certified to API CG-4 should more effectively prevent wear of internal engine parts, carbon deposits on internal surfaces and pistons, oxidation, foaming, and soot formation (these properties are especially needed for modern engines). mainline buses and tractors).

The API CG-4 class was created in connection with the approval in the USA of new requirements and standards for ecology and toxicity of exhaust gases (1994 edition). Motor oils of this class can be used in engines for which API CD, API CE and API CF-4 classes are recommended. The main drawback limiting the mass use of motor oils of this class, for example in Eastern Europe and Asia, is the significant dependence of the life of the motor oil on the quality of the fuel used.

API Class CF-2 (CF-II)

Motor oils intended for use in two-stroke diesel engines that operate under severe conditions.

The class was introduced in 1994. Motor oils of this class are usually used in two-stroke diesel engines that operate under heavy load conditions. API CF-2 oils must contain additives that provide enhanced performance protection against wear on internal engine components such as cylinders and rings. In addition, these motor oils should prevent the accumulation of deposits on the internal surfaces of the engine (improved cleaning function).

Engine oil certified to API CF-2 has improved properties and can be used instead of earlier similar oils, subject to the manufacturer's recommendation.

API class CF-4

Motor oils for use in four-stroke diesel engines starting from 1990.

Motor oils of this class can be used in four-stroke diesel engines, the operating conditions of which are associated with high-speed modes. For such conditions, the quality requirements for oils exceed the capabilities of the CE class, so CF-4 motor oils can be used instead of CE class oils (subject to appropriate recommendations from the engine manufacturer).

API CF-4 motor oils must contain appropriate additives that provide reduction in oil burn-off, as well as protection against carbon deposits in piston group. The main purpose of motor oils of this class is to use them in diesel engines of heavy-duty tractors and other vehicles that are used for long trips on highways.

In addition, such motor oils are sometimes assigned a dual API CF-4/S class. In this case, subject to the appropriate recommendations from the engine manufacturer, these motor oils can also be used in gasoline engines.

API class CF (CF-2, CF-4)

Motor oils for diesel engines with indirect injection. Classes were introduced from 1990 to 1994. The number separated by a hyphen indicates a two- or four-stroke engine.

Class CF describes motor oils recommended for use in diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as other types of diesel engines that run on fuel of various qualities, including those with a high sulfur content (for example, more than 0.5% of the total mass).

CF certified motor oils contain additives to better prevent piston deposits, wear and copper bearing corrosion, which is essential for these types of engines, and can be pumped conventionally or via a turbocharger. or compressor. Motor oils of this class can be used where CD quality class is recommended.

API class CE

Motor oils for use in diesel engines starting from 1983 (obsolete class).

Motor oils of this class were intended for use in some heavy-duty turbocharged engines, characterized by significantly increased operating compression. The use of such oils was allowed for engines with both low and high high frequency shaft rotation.

API CE engine oils were recommended for low- and high-speed diesel engines manufactured since 1983, which were operated under high load conditions. Subject to the appropriate recommendations from the engine manufacturer, these motor oils could also be used in engines for which CD class motor oils were recommended.

API class CD-II

Motor oils for use in heavy-duty diesel engines with a two-stroke operating cycle (obsolete class).

The class was introduced in 1985 for use in two-stroke diesel engines and is, in fact, an evolutionary development of the previous API CD class. The main purpose of using such motor oils was to use them in heavy, powerful diesel engines, which were installed mainly on agricultural machinery.

Motor oils of this class meet all operating standards of the previous CD class; in addition, the requirements for highly effective engine protection against soot and wear have been significantly increased.

API CD class

Motor oils for diesel engines increased power, which were used in agricultural machinery (obsolete class).

The class was introduced in 1955 for normal use in some diesel engines, both naturally aspirated and turbocharged, with increased compression in the cylinders, where effective protection from soot and wear. Motor oils of this class could be used in cases where the engine manufacturer did not impose additional requirements for fuel quality (including fuel with a high sulfur content).

API CD motor oils were supposed to provide increased protection against bearing corrosion and high-temperature carbon deposits in diesel engines compared to previous classes. Motor oils in this class were often referred to as “Caterpillar Series 3” due to the fact that they met the requirements of the Superior Lubricants (Series 3) certification developed by tractor company Caterpillar.

API class CC

Motor oils for diesel engines that operate under medium load conditions (obsolete class).

The class was introduced in 1961 for use in certain engines, both naturally aspirated and turbocharged, which were characterized by increased compression. Motor oils of this class were recommended for engines operated under moderate and high load conditions.

Compared to earlier classes, API CC motor oils were required to provide a higher level of protection against high-temperature carbon deposits and bearing corrosion in diesel engines, as well as against rust, corrosion and low-temperature carbon deposits in gasoline engines.

API class SV

Motor oils for diesel engines operating under medium load (obsolete class).

The class was approved in 1949 as an evolutionary development of the SA class using fuel with a high sulfur content without special quality requirements. API SV motor oils were also intended for use in supercharged engines that were operated in light and moderate modes. This class was often referred to as “Appendix 1 Motor Oils,” thereby emphasizing compliance with military regulations MIL-L-2104A Appendix 1.

CA API class

Motor oils for lightly loaded diesel engines (obsolete class).

Motor oils of this class are intended for use in diesel engines operating in light and moderate conditions on high-quality diesel fuel. In accordance with the recommendations of car manufacturers, they can also be used in some gasoline engines that are operated in moderate conditions.

The class was widely used in the 40s and 50s of the last century and cannot be used in modern conditions, if this is not provided for by the engine manufacturer's requirements.

API CA motor oils must have properties that provide protection against carbon deposits. piston rings, as well as from corrosion of bearings in supercharged engines, for which there are no special requirements for the quality of the fuel used.

In order for your vehicle to operate reliably and efficiently, you must carefully select service fluids, among which is motor oil.

To make the right choice of this product, you must be able to decipher the markings on lubricant packages. Various symbols on canisters belong to several classifications lubricating fluids, and also indicate that the product certification was successfully completed. Among the classifications of motor oils, one of the most common and generally accepted is the API specification system.

The classification according to the specification of motor oils was developed back in the sixty-ninth year of the last century in the United States. The name came from the abbreviation of the institute that was involved in the development - the American Petroleum Institute.

According to this classification system, motor oils are divided into groups:

• Intended for use in gasoline engines;
• Intended for use in engines running on diesel fuel;
• Intended for use in two-stroke engines;
• Transmission oils.

Lubricants can vary in application and quality, and the API took this into account when creating a specification classification: in each category there are classes of lubricating fluids, divided based on performance properties and quality. On the packaging, the API specification is marked something like this: API SM, API CF 4 API SJ.

There is a category of lubricating fluids that have approvals for both gasoline and diesel engines - they are marked in two classes, for example API SN / CF. The first is indicated preferred class, recommended by the manufacturer, for example, in the example presented above, the lubricant is suitable for both diesel and gasoline engines, but is preferable for the second. If the specification is not indicated on the packaging, then most likely the engine oil has either not been certified or is out of date.

The specification may be indicated by one of the following markings:

Explanation:

• S means that the lubricant is approved for engines using gasoline as fuel;
• C means that the lubricant is approved for engines using diesel as fuel;
• T means that the lubricant is approved for use in two-stroke engines.

Attention! Certification is a mandatory procedure for any motor oil before entering the market.

S specification engine oil

API SA: the most old class lubricants used in power units from the beginning of the twentieth century until the end of the twenties. Today it is almost never used, only in the case when the car manufacturer himself recommended this product.

SB: a lubricant used in cars of the thirties that did not have much power. It has slight anti-corrosion and alkaline properties. Applicable only if recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

SC: Used in passenger car and small truck engines built between '64 and '67. Possesses low level anti-corrosion and anti-acid properties, protects the internal parts of the power unit from settling on the walls of combustion products.

SD: Improves the properties of the previous class and was used to lubricate some cars and trucks from 68 to 71 model years. Today it is used only if there is a recommendation from the car manufacturer

SE: a relatively high level of engine protection from the negative effects of oxide and burning products, can serve as a replacement for previous classes. Used in cars from 71 to 80 years of production.

SF: improved characteristics of SE oil - protection against wear, acidity and burning. Used in cars from 81-89.

SG: the class was valid from 88 to 95, lubricants of this category were used in engines that used unleaded gasoline as fuel; The composition contains additives that protect the metal parts of the engine from rust.

SH: this class has been certified and has been formally valid since 1993. The composition has improved performance characteristics and is able to protect the engine from oxides of metal parts and the formation of accumulations of combustion products on the internal walls of the power unit; contains a set of additives that contribute to long-term operation of the car. Can replace previous classes. Today it is used according to the manufacturer's recommendation.

API SJ: oil of this class is still valid today. It was first certified in 1995. Intended for servicing cars, small trucks, and minibuses. It has improved properties that help protect the engine from corrosion, acidity, and wear. API SJ can replace lubricants of previous classes.

After SJ, an SK specification motor oil was supposed to appear, but a problem arose that this combination of letters is similar to part of the name of the Korean manufacturer - SK Lubricants, so after SJ the API SL specification appeared.

API SL: Intended for use in engines built to meet the 2000 Emissions Regulations. It has improved properties and can also reduce fuel consumption.

API SM: developed in accordance with modern requirements for environmental friendliness and energy saving. It has increased anti-acid properties, protects against corrosion and burning. API class SM can be used in turbine engines.

API SN: the most modern class motor oil that meets high environmental requirements, has better performance characteristics that help protect the engine. API SN has one significant difference from the previous generation oils: the percentage of phosphorus in the composition is reduced and the properties are increased, helping to significantly reduce fuel consumption.

Specification C engine oil

Classes CA, CB, CC, CD and CE (and their modifications) are now considered obsolete and can only be applied if recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

API CF 4: these motor oils have been used since 1990 in 4-stroke diesel engines operating under heavy loads. They contain a set of additives that reduce fuel consumption and also protect the cylinder-piston group from burning. In some cases, lubricating fluids of this class can be used in gasoline engines.

CF-2: has similar characteristics, but is intended for two-stroke engines.

CG-4: Complies with mid-nineties environmental standards, provides improved performance, and is used in engines running on fuel with a sulfur limit of 0.5 percent.

CH-4: meets European and American environmental requirements from '98, has increased level working properties. Used in engines using fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%.

CI-4: motor oil of this specification has properties that meet many modern requirements, applies. It is characterized by increased resistance to temperature fluctuations, protects the power unit from wear, acidity and burning.

API CJ-4: the most modern class of lubricants for diesel engines. This oil meets global emissions requirements for nitrogen compounds. Recommended for power units With various systems exhaust gas filtration.

Specifications and designations of motor oils.

And a little about the author’s secrets

My life is not only connected with cars, but with repairs and maintenance.

But I also have hobbies like all men. My hobby is fishing. I started a personal blog in which I share my experience. I try a lot of things various methods

and ways to increase catch. If interested, you can read it. Nothing extra, just my personal experience.