Specialists involved in the study of tire characteristics and the design of new models have long defined an interesting dependence. An increase of 2.0-2.5 bar in the operating pressure range of 2.0-2.5 bars leads to a decrease in rolling resistance by 5%. This is because, with an increase in pressure, the radial deformation of the tire is reduced due to the increase in its rigidity. And smaller deformations unequivocally reduce hysteresis losses in the rubber layer and Cord. But note that the tire rolling resistance is only part of the full resistance that the car is experiencing when driving.
Resistance to the movement of the car in the general case is provided:
- The power of resistance to rolling all the wheels.This parameter smoothly increases with an increase in the speed of the machine.
- Air resistance force. Air resistance depends on the velocity of the machine, the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe car and the coefficient of aerodynamic resistance. The dependence on the speed is quadratic, that is, imperceptible at low speeds of air resistance as overclocking absorbs the lion's share.
- The power of resistance acceleration.The car is very rarely riding evenly and straight. Road conditions cause reduce speed and then increase it. The described force is proportional to the mass and acceleration with which the car moves. Accordingly, the more you downloaded your car and start tacious from traffic lights, the greater the resistance will have to overcome.
- The power of resistance to the movement on the rise.This force is essential when the car has to move in a mountainous area with frequent lifts and descents, and the movement is not possible by security conditions.
But before a long expensive, when a movement with high speeds on highways is assumed, factory instructions are often even recommended to increase the pressure by 0.2-0.3 bars. Upon reasonable speeds, this will reduce tire heating, increase their resource and save some fuel. At the same time, the savings will not exceed 3%. It is not advised to increase the pressure on a large amount, because the chassis of the car will exceed the effect of fuel economy, and the car will become tough as a cart. Safety is also injured, because the stability and manageability of the car will be far from settlement, and simply from your usual.
Each driver is asked what air pressure in the passenger cars is considered optimal. The fact that for different machines is also different, and without explanation is understandable. The easiest way is to find the desired value in the supasport, however, in practice it is far from always correspond to reality.
Tire pressure level - what manufacturers do not say?
It is exactly how the manufacturers indicate the wheels, many consider the only right solution. And under certain conditions it is, but what kind of conditions is it? We are talking about the state of the roads for the "hill" and in our native cities, and this, as they say in Odessa, two big differences. Testing and determination of tire pressure occurs on high-quality, perfectly level European and Asian roads, but drive cars on our, where it is time to try.
Accordingly, the drivers of foreign cars should think about adapting the tire pressure to our same roads. Prepare to the fact that whatever you have accepted the solution, it will be incorrect to some extent, and will cause disputes in the circle of motorists. This is also called the word "compromise" borrowed from French - resolving the disputed situation by mutual concessions of the parties.
Observe atmospheric tire pressure prescribed by the manufacturer, in our conditions - an uncompromising solution with respect to the car suspension. She will have to experience all the charms of Russian roads in a particularly tough form, which could be smoothed slightly "unchanging" tires.
Pressure in the tires of the passenger car - descend the wheels
In winter, we should consider and test the option of riding on tires, pumped by 10-15% less from the desired indicator. This is just a recommendation - the final decision to take only you! However, it is hardly worth explaining, in connection with which such a need is caused - for sure, you have already been felt in the puddles of the poultry in the palsy or sliding in the swamp. The unappropriate will help you get out of snow drifts or fresh swamps.
The compromise is that tires in which there are not enough prescribed pressure, wear out faster, and on a flat road car harder to manage. But in conditions of driving around the city, the fusion wheels have a large area of \u200b\u200bcontact with the road fabric, and the passability of the tire increases due to the weight of the vehicle distributed per unit of contact area. In addition, the wheels become soft in the literal and figurative value - the machine does not react so much on the irregularities of the road, the tires absorb unpleasant blows, due to which the car's key nodes are less.
The braking path is reduced, which is also important on slippery roads. In summer, it is enough to predict the wheels at least 5% - this is enough for this to neutralize the most unpleasant bumps and do not cause special damage to the tires themselves. However, if you are a lover of fast driving, then follow the manufacturers' recommendations - in this case, the controllability of the machine is much more important.
Packed pressure in automotive tires - pluses and cons
It is believed that the exception of the recommended pressure saves fuel. In the conditions of constantly growing prices for gasoline, this trick is checked on their experience more and more drivers. Indeed, a slight amount of fuel saves, but not more than 5%, but you get a lot of unpleasant consequences.
Due to the reduction of contact spots with road fleet, stiffness, suspension load and other nodes, increases. And the latter wear unevenly. Therefore, in the near future, you pay masters from a hundred, that's just this is unlikely to be the amount equal to five saved percentages.
It is believed that riding with pumped tires leads to fuel economy. And except for saving special problems for use.
Normal and recommended pressure is indicated in the instruction manual for your car and duplicated on the driver table plate
If you roll the wheel by adding 0.5 to normal pressure, fuel consumption will decrease to 0.2 per 100km
If you roll the wheel by adding 1 atmosphere to normal pressure, fuel consumption will decrease to 0.4 per 100km.
On the pured rubber there is severe wear, as the rubber is loosely adjacent to the asphalt. Under normal pressure, the service life of 80-120 thousand runs, with an increase in the pressure in the tire +0.5, the tire life of about 40-60 thousand runs, with an increase in 1 atmosphere there will be premature wear of rubber, which is enough for only 25-30 thousand. Run.
Plus, the excessive pressure is influenced by comfortable driving, a decrease in the clutch with a road surface, which entails the premature replacement of the suspension elements.
Not pressed wheels By 0.5 atmosphere entails an increased fuel consumption to 0.7 liters per 100 km, strong wear of the side tread, the acceleration speaker decreases. There is a risk that when entering the yam, rubber can fly from the disk. Pluses are not so much, but they are present, more comfortable movement and reducing the brake path by 10%.
Do not save on matches, swing the wheels of the values \u200b\u200bspecified by the manufacturer and follow the tire pressure.
The people in Russia lives very inquisitive, incredulous and inclined to experiments. Take, for example, the Germans. If there is an instruction manual for technology, the German will be carefully, punctually follow its recommendations. Our person, most likely, will not even read the instructions to the end. It is much more interesting for him to experiment, touch with his hands, come up with some kind of know-how.
Therefore, a car for our fellow citizens is a real find, with which you can show all the power of your intelligence. For the year that year in the environment of motorists in the go, such a bike, that if you lose the pressure in the wheels of your car on the floor-atmosphere from the norm, then the smoothness of the move will improve the tires to the same half-atmosphere, then the car will seriously save fuel .
In fact, if you lose the air pressure in the wheels on the floor atmosphere, then the following will be. Yes, the car will ride much more. It will noticeably become small choicing, cracks, and larger irregularities on the road a car is much easier. This is due to the fact that the tires, losing the half-atmosphere, became softer.
In addition, it is possible to note the fact that the car, on a straight line, will become much more, and the brake reaction is significantly improved. This effect is explained very simply - the area of \u200b\u200btread contact with the road surface will increase, which means the tire clutch area will become more.
However, all these advantages are very quickly turned into minus when we pay attention to the fact that the fuel consumption increases. Let be insignificant (about 2%), but still unpleasant. The term stability of the car is seriously worsen. Much harder to manage the car. But this is already serious. So before the accident not far. Why then give you the smoothness? In addition, unchanging tires begin to wear quickly at the edges.
Well, and if, pump the tires to the half-atmosphere, then the machine will slightly save fuel (about 1.6%), as well as a slightly improved car handling at low speeds. Tires slow down normally, but it will be much more difficult to stay on the verge of Uza.
However, there are also serious disadvantages. Due to the fact that the tire clutch area with an expensive decrease, the car speed is reset and the handling of fast driving is significantly worse, since the driver begins much worse "feel" the steering wheel.
In addition, the tires are started to respond sharply to all the irregularities of the roadway, turning the trip to the car in the car to real torture. Do you need it? Especially since the tire wear will be seriously affected by the tread.
The conclusion from the foregoing is pretty simple - the tires with the deviation of the pressure in one or another side significantly worsen the consumer properties of the machine, not to mention the fact that the wear of your car rubber is sharply increasing. It is especially dangerous to prepand the tires, as it is fraught with the creation of an emergency.
Therefore, using high-quality tires of well-known manufacturers (Bfgoodrich, Bridgestone, Continental, Dunlop, Gislaved, Goodyear, Kleber, Michelin, Nokian, Pirelli, Yokohama), maintain a normal (recommended by the manufacturer) the pressure of your car.
*** Press release material is published on commercial conditions.
PRESS RELEASE. Material is published on commercial conditions.
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As you know in almost every manual for car operation, there is such a plate as the sizes of tires, discs and recommended tire pressure. And no wonder these parameters are specified to assist in the proper operation of the car. If everything is clear with the size of the tires and disks, then this parameter, as the necessary normal tire pressure, few people pay attention. Some motorists are in habit when buying a new car, swing the wheels as much as on the old one. But it is radically wrong. It is necessary to download as much as indicated in the manual, since even the slightest deviation from the norm is invisible at first glance, leads to a change and reduction of the resource of individual elements of the car and changing the manageability and safety of the operation of the car as a whole. Therefore, it is further considered a separate actual topic about the effect of tire pressure on the components of the car.
Effect of tire pressure on fuel consumption
In this case, it will be discussed precisely about the effect of low tire pressure on fuel consumption. And immediately we can say that at low air pressure in automotive tires increases fuel consumption. Surely every future and real owner as a child rode bikes. So everyone should have noticed that when the wheels were shredded, the pedals are much harder than with the tires. Therefore, the engine of the car needs to spend more power, and accordingly fuel to maintain a ride style specified car. This happens due to the increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tire deformation in the contact stain. Accordingly, it leads to an increase in rolling resistance. Next, on the example, we will analyze how reduced tire pressure affects the fuel consumption of a standard passenger car and how much it turns out in the money.
Calculation of economy
We take a car with fuel consumption of 7 liters per 100 km and the appropriate pressure in the tires indicated in the operating manual - 2.3 kgf / cm2 on the front wheels and 2.2 kgf / cm2. The cost of 95 gasoline take 40 rubles per liter. Next, we consider how much money will get:
7l x 40 rubles \u003d 280 p. Those. This is an approximate cost of a car run by 100 km.
We reduce tire pressure to 1.5 kgf / cm2. Accordingly, at such pressure in tires, fuel consumption will increase by 0.3 liters. And we calculate how much it turns out in the money per 100 km. Run.
7.3l x 40 rubles \u003d 292 p. Accordingly, the overalls will succeed in 12 rubles per 100 km of car run. It seems not so much, but it is not worth it. After all, you can just pump the tires as much as indicated in the documentation.
Effect of tire pressure on tire resource
As described above, low tire pressure creates an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bshina deformation, and accordingly, when rolling, the tire protector may be slipped relative to the roadbed. What in turn will lead to the heating of the tire itself. Also, with an increase in the area deformation area, internal friction increases. All this will lead to the impulse of the threads, as well as to an increase in fatigue stresses in the frame. In addition, the edges of the treadmill of the tread not calculated for it are quickly begin to wear the edges of the treadmill.
In addition to low tire pressureIncreased pressure also affects the bus resource. With an increased air pressure in the tires, the voltage in the carcass threads increases. Consequently, the likelihood of rapid destruction of cord appears. Since the pressure of the air, in the tires is increased, then the tire begins to interact with an expensive middle part of the tire tread, which leads to rapid wear. It is also worth mentioning that with an enlarged pressure in the tires, the cord threads are under large voltage, which can damage the tire when the obstacle is raised. But it is important to know that the enlarged tire pressure affects the wear less than the norm. But in order to prevent the premature wear of the tires in general, it is necessary to comply with the recommended pressure, in order to also exclude uneven wear of the tires. Under normal pressure, the load is distributed evenly.
Influence of tire pressure on car handling
For this occasion, it can also be said that the tire pressure depending on the low or enlarged will depend on the car handling in various situations. For example, with high pressure in tires, the car when driving on a dry road will be easier in management, but again it all depends on situations. There are different and risky situations on the road that require the fastest decision-making and driver action. So, when the wheels are strongly pumped, then with sharp maneuvers there is a drift of a car (especially in rainy weather) and, accordingly, almost loss of control over the car.
At reduced tire pressure, depending on which wheels the leading depends the ability of the machine to turn. For example, the car is a rear-wheel drive and the front wheels have reduced tire pressure, it will turn it difficult to turn accordingly than with normally pumped tires.
By the way, the front-wheel drive vehicles in the front wheels should be due to normal, or otherwise reduced pressure can cause a car drift in case of emergency situations.
From the above-described pro effect of tire pressure on controllability, it is possible to conclude that it undoubtedly affects, but it all depends on the pressure (low or elevated), the situation and the style of operation of the car. In any case, the most optimal option will be average, i.e. Normal pressure.
Influence of tire pressure on suspension elements
In this case, tire pressure seriously affects the resource of the suspension elements. As it is known that the purpose of the tire is partly in the fact that it is intended to absorb minor oscillations caused by the irregularities of the road canvase. Accordingly, in the case when the wheels are strongly pushed, it is the same as the wheels of the tree, and consequently, when driving through the irregularities of the tires, they will not perform their function of partial absorption of oscillations, and they will transmit it to the suspension elements. The poet one can conclude that in this case, in addition to accelerated tire wear, the wear and elements of the car suspension are accelerated, such as shock absorbers, etc.
Accordingly, why increase tire pressure to reduce the service life of individual elements of the car?
Reduced pressure may even favorably affect the suspension elements, but it is not necessary to reduce the reasons for the above, and it will also worsen the resistance of the car.
Influence of tire pressure on the brake pathway
It is important to remember that the safety of the driver and passengers depends on the magnitude of the brake path. Therefore, it is always necessary to do so so that the car's brake path is maximized. The factors affecting the magnitude of the braking path set and one of them is tire pressure.
Increased tire pressure, as mentioned earlier, has the smallest coupling properties with a road surface. Consequently, the brake path will increase. When reducing the tire pressure, the brake path will decrease. But again there are minuses - term stability will decrease.
Conclusion.
Of all the above, it can be concluded that tire pressure is a rhetorical question to the solution of which it is necessary to approach individually, taking into account the information set out in the operation of the car. After all, any designer when specifying the required normal tire pressure At this or that car was calculated and took into account various factors that could affect the proper operation of the car.
Of course, somewhere you can win down low or high tire pressure, but the result will always be proportional. Therefore, you should always be guided by optimal data. And do not forget before each, especially a further trip to check and swing the wheels taking into account the load on the car, possible weather conditions, roadbed, etc. etc.
