Cases of fraud when selling a car occur throughout Russia every day.

Imperfection of legislation and complex circuits force you to be careful and attentive to the smallest details when communicating with a potential buyer or seller, when studying documents and predicting risks.

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Even the outside is perfect the deal could turn into a disaster. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to prepare in advance all possible scenarios and pitfalls in the scenario of buying or selling a car.

Where to report fraud? Find out about this from ours.

Deception of the seller

When selling a car, there are the following: main risks:

1. re-issuance of a written contract to third parties;
2. passport photo and ;
3. responsibility for others traffic violations;
4. two keys and danger of theft.

Types of fraudulent activities

So, let's look at the most common ones today fraudulent schemes, used to deceive the car seller. Let's start with the problems that may arise when re-registering a purchase and sale agreement (SPA) to third parties.

The basis for contract fraud is the absence of a vehicle acceptance certificate.

The scheme is based on the fact that the buyer, after the transaction has been completed, the money has been transferred and the car has been accepted, calls the seller and under various pretexts requests to re-register the purchase and sale agreement for a relative: father, brother, son-in-law, etc.

In most cases, only the new buyer, and with a different surname. These two facts should be regarded as wake-up call.

1. New buyer in sight will tear up the old DCP(which turns out to be nothing more than a copy).
2. Two buyers jointly threaten the seller with criminal liability, since the latter’s actions actually show signs of fraudulent activity - in fact, he sold one car for two different people.

The next danger is associated with providing a photo of your passport and bank card. The confidentiality of personal data may be violated by an unscrupulous buyer.

IN general outline the diagram looks like this:

• the “buyer” calls the seller and reports his readiness to purchase the car;
• then the “buyer”, citing the fact that he is on a business trip, living in another city, etc., asks the seller for a photo of his passport and bank card - supposedly to transfer the deposit;
• “buyer” asks for the code from the SMS message;
• there are consequences in the form of kidnapped Money, accepted credit obligations, etc.

The following scam is based on responsibility for other people's traffic violations.

The car is considered to be taken into possession from the moment it is registered with the traffic police by the new owner.

Until new owner will not do this, full responsibility for violating the rules traffic, including criminal, formally falls on the shoulders of the previous owner.

The classic scam involves two sets of keys and the risk of theft. The “buyer” draws attention to the presence of both sets of keys.

He asks to take them with him to inspect the car. Such “buyers” usually come in a group. While some distract attention, another quietly removes data from the chip to make a master key. Then the car is stolen.

Car dealerships in purchase transactions may use schemes related to the failure to register the car with in the prescribed manner, which entails the imposition of liability for traffic violations on the previous owner.

Some car dealerships operating outside the legal field may use other schemes to deceive the seller.

How to protect yourself?

To ensure your own safety and the safety of your funds when selling a car, you must take the following measures:

1. In order not to fall into the trap of a purchase and sale agreement, you should carefully approach the preparation of documents and write down in the agreement fact of confirmation of acceptance and transfer of the vehicle and funds.
2. In order not to go wrong with photos of your passport and bank cards, you must always take them seriously. confidentiality of personal data.
3. In order not to be held responsible for other people's traffic violations, you need to go with the new buyer to the traffic police and make sure that the latter registered the car using my documents.
4. To protect your car from theft, You should be careful and not get into a situation where you can be easily fooled.

Buyer's risks

There are also risks when buying a car. First of all, these include those related to:

1. making a deposit;
2. moving price;
3. foreign numbers;
4. double car;
5. trap with documents.

Scheme

Car showrooms due to the fact that legally competent specialists familiar with the automotive field work there, they can carry out forgery of documents, other traps with documents, and use fraudulent schemes related to the payment of a deposit and a variable price.

It is important to carefully read all signed documents and make a copy of them.

What to check?

To protect yourself from the risks described above, you should:

What is the penalty for fraud in special cases? large sizes? find out right now.

Mutual dangers

In addition, there are so-called “mutual risks”, that is may occur both during the sale and purchase of a car. First of all, these include:

• PrEP exchange;
• transaction by proxy;
• robbery.

Exchange via PrEP

The danger associated with an exchange under a purchase and sale agreement is as follows.

Instead of a contract, exchanges are drawn up two sales contracts.

The purchased car is registered in the name of third parties.

The purpose of the additional paperwork is to create an opaque environment, which creates opportunities for further fraudulent activity.

Transaction by proxy

If the "seller" emphasizes that the sale can be completed only by proxy(the reason he communicated does not play a role), then this should be regarded as an alarming signal.

With a 99.99% probability, the inability to carry out a sale in any other way indicates that the car has been stolen, that the car has been pawned, or that it has been seized.

Deals like this for sure should arouse suspicion. Under no circumstances should you agree to these terms.

Robbery

Selling a car for the vast majority of people involves only the need to re-register documents and then receive money. The average car owner does not even suspect that a potential buyer may turn out to be an attacker who works in the field of fraud in the sale of cars.

Sellers are deceived when selling cars no less often than buyers. Automotive scams aimed at deceiving the seller flourish both in cooperation with individuals and when contacting auto centers that work to buy used ones. cars. Fraudulent schemes can take a variety of forms, ranging from the use of counterfeit bills to more sophisticated methods using the Internet and modern technologies.

To avoid being scammed when selling a car, we recommend that you read our article, in which we will describe the most popular scams when selling a vehicle and explain how not to get caught by scammers and sell your car without being deceived.

Schemes to deceive a car seller

As mentioned above, fraud in the sale of a car is a situation that can work on both sides of the purchase and sale transaction. First, let's look at scam schemes when fraud in the sale of a car is organized by the buyer.

1. Counterfeit money. One of the most common types of fraud when selling a car. This scheme of deceiving a car seller works in a banal and simple way: the owner decides to sell the car based on an advertisement, arranges a meeting with the buyer and does not suspect that the attacker is paying him with counterfeit bills. To avoid divorce and expose the deceiver, sell your car, if possible, in the presence of a person who can confirm the authenticity of the money, or use non-cash payments, in which you can protect yourself by using online service for transaction protection.
2. Scam when selling a car when making an appointment in a suspicious place. In such a situation, the seller’s deception by the buyer consists of the following: you are selling a car based on an ad, the buyer calls you and makes an appointment in some remote place, explaining this with the need to conduct a test drive. During the test drive, the attacker simply throws the owner out of the car and disappears in an unknown direction.

When selling a car, deception on the part of the seller takes much more sophisticated and numerous forms. In the next part of the article we will tell you how the most popular divorce schemes work.

1. Fraud when selling a car using duplicate PTS. In this situation, the buyer can expect various surprises: perhaps the fraudster managed to pawn it vehicle, did not pay the loan for it or even stole it. When the seller’s deception is discovered and bank employees or law enforcement officials come to the naive buyer, the car will be confiscated without returning the funds paid for its purchase.
2. Fraud when selling a car without a title. Surprisingly, such scam schemes are more often used by scammers at auto centers rather than by individuals. Yes, showrooms can also cheat when selling a car - the most popular is the sale of a pledged car or a car for which a pre-order has been placed. This scam works like this: the client makes a payment for new car, but is faced with deception from the seller - an incomplete set of documents is issued for the car. When asked why there is no PTS, a person is usually given a vague answer and asked to come or call in a couple of days. Thus, you will not be able to register the car with the traffic police and, as a result, you will not be able to drive it. What is the benefit of this divorce scheme when selling a car? Scammer auto centers work in such situations in the following way: they can begin to extort money from you, explaining that you will have to make an additional payment for delivery of the vehicle title. To avoid divorce and protect yourself from a scammer, never make a payment until you receive the entire package of documents.
3. Talented scammers and selling cars with the participation of a partner. Here's what the seller's deception looks like in this situation: a potential buyer comes to look at the car and discovers that the owner of the vehicle is waiting for you along with a friend who was walking past and stopped by for a visit. After inspection, the client is satisfied and is ready to make payment for the purchase. The owner hands him the keys and suddenly remembers that he forgot all the documents at home. Promising to return in a minute, he disappears into the entrance, leaving his friend as a witness. After a rather long absence of the seller, his friend decides to check the situation - suddenly something happened to the owner of the vehicle. The buyer does not even suspect that the entrance has two exits. Of course, the keys handed to him will not fit the purchased car, and the person is left with nothing. To avoid getting caught by scammers and to avoid being deceived, do not give money until you have it in your hands. complete set documents for the vehicle.
4. Advance payment as one of the divorce schemes. How do these types of deception schemes work? A car owner wants to sell a car through an ad at a surprisingly low price. He explains this cost by saying that he is going abroad and selling all his property. The buyer is completely satisfied with the proposed vehicle, but the seller informs that he will only be able to complete the contract tomorrow. In this case, the owner of the car asks for a deposit as an advance to make sure that the buyer’s intentions are serious. Needless to say, if faced with such a fraudulent situation, after transferring the deposit, you will never see this person again.

New types of auto fraud

With the development of modern technologies, new types of fraud have begun to appear when swindlers buy or sell a car over the Internet. In this part of the article we will look at fairly new fraudulent schemes, which, however, are already actively used by scammers.

1. Selling a car second hand via the Internet. An advertisement is posted online for the sale of a car at a very attractive price. It is not surprising that the seller immediately receives a whole bunch of calls from potential clients wanting to purchase a car. How do they attack a car in such a situation? The attacker records a message on the answering machine and programs the call in such a way that a certain payment is automatically deducted from each subscriber who listens to this message.
2. Deposit for an electronic wallet. The seller's deception scheme is based on good condition machines and low cost. In this situation, they cheat on the car in the following way: to secure the deal, the caller is asked to leave a deposit by depositing it into an electronic wallet. Another possible variant– making an advance payment to the account mobile phone. At the same time, the car owner asks each potential client who called him for such a service. Of course feedback you will never get anything from the seller.

How to avoid divorce when selling a car

In this part of the article you will find a list of basic recommendations on how to avoid fraud, expose deceivers and protect yourself from scammers.

• When you decide to purchase a car, do not leave an advance payment without documentation process of transferring money.
• Check your documents - this will allow you to protect yourself from a fraudster with a fake PTS, someone else’s passport, etc.
• Before paying for a vehicle, check its condition for hidden defects. To do this, invite an independent auto mechanic or organize an examination at a car service center - this will allow you to detect shortcomings and defects in the car in a timely manner.
• Protect yourself from fraudsters with the help of the SafeCrow service, which will securely save your money and allow you to buy or sell a car without being deceived by criminals.
• Be vigilant. Remember that most often gullible citizens are scammed into their cars - and the role of attackers can be either scammer auto centers or individuals trying to sell a car using an ad online.

Selling a car to an auto center

Some citizens are sure: to avoid being deceived, you need to sell your car through a specialized auto center. However, here you can encounter fraudulent intentions and deception of the seller. For example, an auto center will take a vehicle for sale, promising to give you money after its sale. When you call, the salon manager will answer that the car has not yet been sold. However, if you decide to come to an auto center, it is likely that you will not see your car there. But in this case, they will explain to you that the vehicle is passing pre-sale preparation: it is washed, eliminated minor defects, polish, etc.

To avoid falling for scammers, always read the contract carefully and protect yourself from the legal side.

We hope that our article will help you expose the deceivers and learn how to sell a car without being deceived, or, conversely, how to purchase a vehicle with maximum benefit for myself.

Conscience is a thing that is desirable to have in society, but you should not count on it, especially if it is not yours. Our auto experts encounter deception every day, at various stages of selecting and searching for cars, so it feels like our trust has long been atrophied and many of the tricks of sellers already seem simply ridiculous, and some are simply amazing in their sophistication.

We will talk not only about outright lies, but also about lies that the seller himself, be it a reseller, a car dealership manager or a private individual, is not aware of. Here are some things to consider when buying a used car.

Deception at car dealerships

To be honest, I feel sorry for those people who use the phrase “ official dealer"is perceived as a sacred amulet that can protect against deception and subsequent problems with the car. It is completely logical to think that if someone can be trusted, then only large company with qualified personnel, where they will not only tell you everything honestly about the car, but will also provide you with proper service upper class with coffee and cookies. But, unfortunately, such gullibility often ends with a painful removal of the knife from the back, or rather, the fleeting sale of the purchased junk car with a twisted mileage for next to nothing.

The car dealership employees themselves openly admit: “We sell what they supplied us!” Often the burden of acceptance is placed on ordinary managers, whose art is to sell, rather than evaluate and verify. So it happens that cunning private sellers sometimes manage to sell a car with legal problems or a front-wheel drive car under the guise of a 4x4 to a car dealership, like, for example, this Suzuki SX4, which the girl accepted.
In principle, everything is clear with managers, but how, trained last word technicians and service department technicians manage to let cars through with a “dead” engine without oil in the crankcase, it’s not entirely clear. Although, there is an assumption that the final word is given to the dealer scanner. Perhaps the absence of digital deviations and errors in the blocks for them means complete serviceability, which is absolutely at odds with the ideology of full car diagnostics.

There is almost no lubricant left in the engine, and it can no longer be called oil. How this car was received at the car dealership is a mystery.

That is, in most cases, car dealership managers themselves do not know what they are selling, but they convince them that the car has been checked and there is nothing to worry about. Can this be considered cheating? Rather yes than no. A person lies most frankly when he does not know the truth.

How car dealers deceive

And yet, I cannot ignore outbids. Just as skillfully as car dealerships, they, of course, do not know how to deceive, because they know about the existing shortcomings, but the methods of concealment important information about the car they have the most sophisticated and arrogant. The meaning of all this is the same - the car does not correspond to the description in the ad.

This is how life-worn leather elements are restored with a can of spray paint

For example, indirect signs of a car's mileage are swept away more thoroughly - the steering wheel is altered, the tire tread is re-sharpened, the pedal pads are changed, worn leather interior parts are painted over. Often you may be missing some options, provided by the package, equipment that can be removed and put up for sale separately from the car, including good ones winter wheels, instead of which there will be some cheap used tires. More often than anyone else, you can find body parts painted “to match the instrument” or an empty niche for a spare tire.

The production date (week/year) on the tires can tell you something about both the mileage and the owner.

Here is another scam from a reseller who has stuck a 4WD badge on a single-wheel drive RAV4, and has a clutch lock button on the instrument panel. By the way, there are also lies about the engine size and gearbox type. In general, it’s strange that the car itself turned out to be very worthy in technically, but it’s definitely not worth the money. I'm afraid that one day someone will not notice such a trick when buying, because it's really very tricky!

By the way, a “divorce” with engine size is not so rare. This is due to the fact that outwardly many power units are absolutely identical, and in general, when purchasing, it is difficult for the average person to distinguish one motor from another if there are no obvious symbols on it. If it is an engine, for example, Hyundai Solaris (Kia Rio) or Chevrolet Lacetti, then many motorists will not be able to distinguish the 1.4 unit from the 1.6 until they look at the engine number. Most the right way protection against such deception when buying a car is to carefully “read” the title and unit numbers.

By the way, cars with legal problems most often pass through resellers. Since they do not appear in any document, they bear absolutely no responsibility for the property and often throw away the SIM card after the sale to avoid unnecessary questions.

Repurchased Chevrolet Lacetti with low mileage

It's hard to imagine a reseller who wouldn't wash engine compartment, eliminating traces of turbine “snot” or other significant leaks. They are not averse to hitting the ball joint or steering end with a hammer so that the knocking noises disappear during the sale. There are also honest outbids, you say. I know too, but their sales are not going well. It has long been proven that it is much more profitable to lie, since people love sweet lies and buy a car from those who say that the car is ideal, and not from those who honestly list its shortcomings. By the way, there are other reasons.

Lies from a private seller

Unlike car dealerships and resellers, private sellers know the history of the car and it becomes much more difficult to lie. True, they, being ordinary people, are often unable to assess the condition of the car themselves and as a result give “false testimony.” And if they cheat, they usually do it ineptly, for example, they hesitate when answering a direct question about suspicious knocking noises in the engine or real mileage, if it is twisted.

One common way to cheat is to pull out the warning light. faulty system from dashboard. Sometimes the circuit of one lamp is connected to the next one, so as not to arouse suspicion and not provoke the buyer to conduct computer diagnostics.

If all warning lamps go out when starting, this does not mean that there are no electrical problems

“The air conditioner needs to be charged and it will work” - if it doesn’t work, you will have to change the compressor or fix the leak, or both.

“I didn’t change the mileage” - few people adjust the odometer on their own; there are special people for this.

“The service center told me that I just need to adjust the valves or (think for yourself)” - means that they are now putting spaghetti on your hearing organs, and you won’t be able to do without serious repairs after the purchase.

“My second cousin’s car, she asked me to sell it, I have a photocopy of my passport,” any other relative or friend can say. In general, this is a steal.

“The ban due to an unpaid fine will be lifted soon” - no comment.

“Painted, there were scratches” - after a serious accident.

“I didn’t paint anything” - I bought a broken one.

How to recognize deception

In general, buying a used car is not an activity for gullible people. When inspecting a car, salespeople often interfere and distract from collecting information about the car. Sometimes it is very difficult not to pay attention to meaningless conversations and focus on the most important thing, but without this there is no way. Question everything that seems suspicious and look for answers to the questions yourself, without paying attention to the seller at all. I can say with confidence that the fault of deception is not the one who lies, but the one who allowed himself to be deceived, because only he is responsible for buying a car. No matter how social a person is, he still obeys the old laws of evolution. In order not to become a victim, as they say in certain circles, “don’t believe, don’t be afraid, don’t ask.” And that's fair.

Automobile - expensive thing, which very often attracts attackers. Of course, cars are most often simply stolen, but cases are not uncommon when an honest owner of a car decides to sell it for secondary market, and ended up left without money or a vehicle. What methods of deception exist, and how can an owner protect himself from scammers? These questions are always relevant, especially when it comes to a prestigious model.

Sending passport photos and bank details is prohibited

The seller decided to list his car on one of the websites for sale. And then he receives the long-awaited call from a potential buyer. He became interested in the car and is ready to buy it, but, unfortunately, this moment he's not in town. To prevent the owner from selling the car to anyone, the buyer is even willing to leave a large deposit. But is it really safe?

To supposedly circumvent bank bans, which often limit the size of the transfer, scammers often ask car owners to send them a passport photo and full bank card details. Of course, the happy seller does not even suspect that they are trying to deceive him and happily agrees to such a dubious offer. After this, money disappears from the accounts or dubious loans are issued to the honest owner.

Is it possible to take a deposit?

Collateral for secondary transactions automotive market- this is a common thing. It seems that there is nothing special about this, but even here the attackers found a loophole on how to deceive the seller. This method appeared relatively recently and is best analyzed using a real example.

A resident of the city of Kansk posted an advertisement for the sale of his VAZ car on one of the websites. Some time later he was disturbed by a potential buyer. The man convinced the man not to sell the car to others, and to reinforce his intentions, he decided to transfer an advance payment of 8,000 rubles to the seller. To transfer money, he asked for bank card details. Presumably the seller told him not only the number, but also the password for the Internet bank. The attacker made a transfer of 800,000 rubles from the seller’s savings account to his own plastic card. After this, the “deceiver” called the man back and asked to transfer the money back to him, explaining that he had simply mixed up the amount.

The trusting seller, of course, could not refuse such a “kind” buyer and agreed to such a large transfer. Of course, for this he needed to perform many operations. As it turned out, you can transfer an amount of no more than 15,000 rubles at a time. In the process, the man noticed that about 280,000 rubles had disappeared from his account, and only then did he suspect fraud. After money disappeared from the account, the seller immediately contacted law enforcement agencies.

Everything needs to be completed

According to the Law, the new owner of the car is obliged to register the purchased vehicle no later than 10 days from the date of purchase. In turn, the seller must come to the traffic police with a copy of the sales contract and officially deregister the sold car. If this is not done, and the new owner of the car does not appear at the traffic police, then the car will be registered with the seller. What does this mean?

Everything is very simple. If the new owner of the vehicle violates traffic rules, for example, speed mode etc., then all fines will be borne by former owner. And he will have to pay the bills. Of course, such injustice can be challenged in court, but this will take a lot of effort and time.

Protect yourself from such unpleasant situations very simple. It is enough to come to the traffic police to deregister the sold vehicle. It is also not recommended to sell a car on a checkpoint road without a date, which, by the way, is very common. Then the new owner will be really limited by deadlines. It’s better to sell the car with a notary certification.

The potential buyer demands to see a second key

This is also a common scheme for deceiving car sellers. When carrying out such an operation, fraudsters usually pose as potential buyers and make an appointment with the owner to inspect the car. But this is not just a meeting, as you might guess. In advance, they ask the owner to take two keys for inspection at once. Often, the naive owner simply does not ask himself why this is needed, and the happy one (in anticipation of a quick sale) agrees.

The scammers come to the meeting in small groups. This makes it easier to carry out all the machinations, because one person is simply not able to keep track of everyone. During the inspection, one person communicates with the seller, the second person, under the guise of a large specialist, looks paintwork, the engine or studying documents, and the third one is turning that same second key in his hands. But it doesn’t just spin, it takes data from the built-in chip.

All! It is done. After this, potential buyers decide to “think” about the purchase and go into hiding. And what a shock the seller experiences when one morning he simply does not find his car under the windows.

Exchange with risks

Of course, you shouldn’t assume that every exchange transaction is dangerous. However, scammers have also found a way to deceive naive buyers. The scheme is very simple. A pure exchange always occurs under one agreement and no more! The exchange between the seller and the scammers always involves the conclusion of two contracts. And when a seller gives his car into the hands of “deceivers”, but receives nothing in return, you shouldn’t be surprised. Moreover, there is practically no point in challenging such an agreement, since its clauses are formally fully complied with.

Inspection in a deserted place

The simplest, crudest and old way cheating during a car inspection is a common theft. In this case, the theft is carried out right from under the nose of the official owner. As a rule, scammers make appointments in deserted and remote places.

Then everything happens very simply and quickly. Potential buyers are asked to inspect the vehicle and drive it. Of course, the seller gives his consent. At this point, the car thieves simply leave the inspection site, and the owner has no choice but to contact the police to file a report about the theft of the vehicle.

Installment payment

Such a dubious operation as installment payment to a potential buyer is the very last thing when selling a car. Moreover, lawyers believe that no honest buyer would ever offer the seller to give money for the car in parts.

If the owner of a car hears such an offer, then he should immediately refuse it, because the lack of funds is the problem of the person who wanted the car, and not the one who is selling it. You should not agree to a deal with such conditions, even if the potential buyer offers to formalize the installment plan, that is, to have it certified by a notary. In addition, not a single competent specialist will sign such a dubious agreement.

And what's the bottom line?

Selling a car is always a very... complex issue. And you shouldn’t think that there are only dishonest sellers who are trying to sell their rusty “horse” at a higher price. There are plenty of honest people on the secondary market, as well as scammers.

To avoid deception and simple theft You should always exercise caution and not trust all potential buyers. You need to be especially careful when it comes to money. Even if the seller is confident in the buyer’s intentions and considers the transaction clean, it is always necessary to follow through and double-check all actions. Even when money is being transferred, there is no need to be shy about counting the money directly in the presence of the buyer, because it even happens that scammers simply pay the owner of the so-called. “doll” (at the top and bottom are genuine banknotes, and in the middle of the stack are sheets of blank paper).

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pVNBOKHFSH RTDPDBCHGB BCHFPNPVIMS NPZHF Y U RPNPESH RPUFPK UVETLOTSLY. dPRKHUFYN, GEOH ABOUT BCFP RTDDBCHEG OUEULPMSHLP ЪБЧШУМ У ТБУУUEФПН ABOUT FP, YuFP RPLHRBFEMSH PVSBFEMSHOP VHDEF FPTZPCHBFSHUS Y RPRSCHFBEFUS DPZPCHPTYFSHUS ABOUT NEOSHIHA UHNNH. th CHDTHZ RPSCHMSEFUS YUEMPCHEL, ZPFPCHSHCHK UTBKH ЪBRMBFYFSH KHLBBOOSHCH DEOSHZY. fPMSHLP X RPLHRBFEMS CHNEUFP OBMYUOPUFY PLBYSCHCHBEFUS UVETEZBFEMSHOBS LOYTSLB ABOUT RTEDYASCHYFEMS. lBL RTBCHYMP, PRSHSOEOOSCHK TBDPUFSHA CHSHZPDOPK RTDDBTSY, IPSYO NBYOSCH HCE OE PVTBEBEF CHOYNBOYE ABOUT DBOOKHA "NEMPYUSH" Y PZHTNMSEF UDEMLH. OP RPUME FPZP, LBL NNYYOB RETEIPDIF OPCHPNH CHMBDEMSHGH, CHSHSUOSEPHUS, YuFP ABOUT UVETLOYTSL DEOOZ HCE OEF, UOSMY! YMY TSE PVOBTHTSYCHBEFUS, YuFP GYZhTSCH CH OEK RPDDEMBOSCH, B FPYUOEE YULHUOP RPDTYUPCHBOSH OHMY YMY EDYOYGSHCH:

uMEDHAEBS UIENB NPEOOYUEUFCHB - BZHETYUF FPTZHEFUS, RMBFYF NYOINBMSHOSCHK ЪBMPZ Y RYYEF TBURYULH ABOUT PUFBMSHOHA UKHNNH. rPUME YuEZP, UFBCH IPЪSYOPN NBYOSCH, FHF CE RTPDBEF EE, "ЪBVSHCHBS" TBUUUYFBFSHUS U VSCHCHYYN CHMBDEMSHGEN.љ

oOBYVPMEE VBOBMSHOBS, OP CH FPTSE CHTENS KHUREYOP DEKUFCHHAEBS UIENB BZHETSCH - IPSYO RTPYZTSCHCHBEF UCHPA NBIYOKH. YuBEE CHUEZP CH LBTFSH. h DBOOPN UMKHYUBE, NPIYEOOILY DPZPCHBTYCHBAFUS P FPN, YUFPVSH "RPUNPFTEFSH NBYOKH" Y RTYZMBYBAF IPSYOB CH UBTBOE RPDZPFPCHMEOOPE NEUFP. ABOUT CHUFTEYUE RTYUKHFUFCHHEF OUEULPMSHLP YUEMPCHEL, CHZMSDSEYI CHEUSHNB TEURELFBVEMSHOP. dTHZYNY UMPCHBNY, UPDBEFUS RPMOBS YMMAYS OBDETSOPUFY. rPLB PDYO YЪ NPEOOYLPCH, RTEDUFBCHYCHYYKUS RPLHRBFEMEN, PUNBFTYCHBEF NBYOKH, EZP DTHЪSHS RTEDMBZBAF IPЪSYOKH, ULPTPFBFSH CHTENS ЪB LBTFBNY. b RPULPMSHLH RPTPDBCHEG RPYUFY CHUEZDB RTYETSBEF VE DEOOZ, ENKH UPCHEFHAF RPUFBCHYFSH ABOUT LPO IPFS VSHCH LPMEUP PF RTDDBCHBENPK NBYOSCH. rPUME RTPYZTSCHYB LPMEUUB ABOUT LPO UFBCHYFUS UMEDHAEBS DEFBMSH: lPZDB IPЪSIO RTPYZTSCHBEF YUBUFSH NBYOSCH, ENKH UPPVEBAF, YuFP RPLHRBFEMA POOB OE RPPDYMB, OP LBTFPYUOSCHK DP MZ CHETOHFSH OBDP. th RPLB CHMBDEMEG VHDEF EIBFSH ЪB DEOSHZBNY, CH ЪBMPZ ON PUFBCHYF UCHPA NBYOKH. th DBCE, EUMY PO HCHEEF U UPVPK LMAYUY PF OEE, FP CHETOKHCHYYUSH, OE PVOBTHTSYF OH TEURELFBVEMSHOSHI MADEK, OH UCHPEZP FTBOURPTFB.љ

ZMBCHOSCHK UPCHEF - OE RPDDBCHBKFEUSH LYKZHPTYY, UPITBOSKFE SUOPUFSH KHNB Y OE RTY LBLYI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI OE YDYFE ABOUT BBTFOSH "RPDCHYZY".

OBRPUMEDPL RTYCHEDEN OEULPMSHLP UPCHEFPCH, LPFPTSCHE UMEDHEF UPVMADBFSH BCHFPNPVYMYUFBN, YuFP VSH OE UFBFSH TSETFChPK NPEOOYLPCH YOE RPRBUFSH CH OERTYSFOPUFY:
љ-ОПФБЧМСКФЭ БЧФПНПВИМШ, ДБЦЭ О ЛПТПФЛПЭЧТЭНС, У ПФЛТШЧФПК ДЦЭТША И LMAYUPN CH ЪBNLE ЪBTSYZBOYS
љ-RTY DMYFEMSHOPK RBTLPCHLE OEPVIPDYNP OBKFY ZBTBC MYVP CHPURPMSHЪPCHBFSHUS PITBOSENPK UFPSOLPK. mHYUYE OE RBTLPCHBFSH NBYOKH CH VEMADOSCHY OEPUCHEEEOOOSCHI NEUFBI
љ-РPEЪDLY CH OOBBLPNSHNE NEUFB YMY ABOUT CHUFTEYUKH U NBMPOBLPNSCHNY MADSHNY MHYUYE OE UPCHETYBFSH CH PDYOPYULKHљ
i-OE DPCHETSKFE "OB CHTENS" LMAYUY PF NBYOSCH
љ-RPLHRLH Y DEOOTSOSCHK TBUYUEF RTPYCHPDYFE FPMSHLP RTY OBDETSOSHI UCHYDEFEMSI
љ-ОПУФБЧМСКФЭ Ш НБОВІО GEOOSHCHE CHEY Y DPLKHNEOFSHCH
љ-UFELMB, LHЪPCH, DTHZIE KHMSH OEPVIPDYNP RTPNBTLYTPCHBFSH. fBL CE OE MYYOIN VKhDEF LBTSDPE KhFTP RTPCHETSFSH OBMYUYE OPNETOSCHI OBLPCH ABOUT BCHFPNPVIME
љ-О MYYOIN VKhDEF PVPTHDPPCHBFSH BCHFPNPVIMSH PITBOOPK UYUFENPK, B FBL TSE ЪBUFTBIPCHBFSH PF KhZPOB
љ-LTPNE FPZP, UDEMBKFE LUETPLPRYY CHUEI DPLHNEOFPCH ABOUT BCHFPNPVIMSH, POY RPNPZHF CH TPYSCHULE, CH UMHYUBE, EUMY BCHFPNPVIMSH RPPIIFSF

y, LPOYUOP, CH UMKHYUBE, EUMY CHCH UFPMLOHMYUSH U NPEYOOYUUEUFCHPN, YMY CE CHBY BCHFPNPVIMSH HZOBMY, OEBBNEDMYFEMSHOP UPPVEYFE PV LFPN CH RTBCHPPITBOYFEMSHOSH PTZBOSHCH!
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