Every car owner tries to improve his car to the best of his ability. Moreover, the older the car, the stronger the desire to make a supercar out of it, equipped with the latest achievements of science and technology.

Everything is good, but in moderation. You understand this when you see a penny of not the first freshness, hung with flashing lights, chippers and sophisticated security systems. We will not offer to equip Tavria with an on-board computer or to mold an automatic stability control system into a nine.

Homemade electronics in the car

We will imagine what you can do useful for your car if we know a little about electronics and know how to hold a soldering iron. Useful electronics for a car with your own hands installed and tested on yourself can be useful not only for us, therefore we offer a small digest of simple devices that simplify the life of a motorist.

Down with the catalyst

When removing the catalyst with your own hands, you may encounter some difficulties. On some car models, it is not possible to remove the primary catalytic converter, or you do not want to flash the ECU. In this case, there is a simple device that will mislead the cunning ECU so that when the catalyst is removed, the warning lamp for a malfunction in the engine management system will not light up.

This simplest device is adjusted to the nominal indicators of catalysts on all Mitsubishi, Chevrolet Lacetti, Nissan Premiere. For other cars, you just need to select the desired rating of radio components from the oscillogram. There is nothing difficult in this - there are a bunch of reference books.
Here is a schematic diagram of the device and its appearance.

Parts ratings:

• resistor 150 kOhm;
• capacitor 1 μF.

After soldering the entire structure, we process it with insulating varnish and enclose it in a thermocambric. The control lamp will no longer remind of itself.

A very useful and simple device. To make it, we only need an old piezo lighter. When a spark is pierced on the body, a spark appears on the contacts periodically, and this manifests itself in the unstable operation of the motor. There are special devices for checking the spark plug, but they are not in the arsenal, then there is always a replacement.

We take out the piezoelectric element from the lighter, lengthen the wires and insulate so that it does not tickle with current. Install the device on the candle as shown in the figure, press the button and take a close look at the contacts. If the spark has slipped, it means that the candle is 100% working.

The simplest charger

Surely every motorist with experience has come across a situation when you need to recharge the battery, but there was no charger at hand. Such a charger, the circuit of which we propose, can be easily carried with you in the trunk. It can be useful on long trips, where there is no access to a full-fledged charger. The main thing is to have an outlet.

Its scheme is extremely simple. It is made on a transformerless basis, so the device is compact and lightweight. The device does not heat up and can work as long as you like. It has one drawback - it has no galvanic isolation. That is, the current from the network goes directly to the battery through the capacitor unit.

A rectifier, a diode bridge, is used to convert alternating current into direct current. It is quite possible to find it ready-made, or you can assemble it yourself. The bridge must be designed for a voltage of at least 400 V with a current of at least 3 A. The capacitor unit in total must show a total capacitance of 8 μF.

In order for the circuit to discharge after shutdown, a 220-810 kΩ resistor is installed at the output. Instead of a set of capacitors, you can use one, but a capacious one - 10 μF. Battery clamps can be attached to the output wires for ease of use. The circuit is very compact and will fit into any enclosure. This is not an ideal charger, but it can come in handy more than once as a life-saving extreme.

There is always work for a skilled soldering iron to create pleasant little things for comfort, for safety, for creating additional lighting. The main thing is to know that it is a necessity. And then any device or device will be a useful and pleasant addition to the vehicle design.

If you think that homemade products are the lot of toddlers and bored housewives, we will very quickly dispel your misconceptions. This section is entirely devoted to the manufacture of homemade products from car parts and rubber tires. Almost anything can be made from a tire. From garden shoes to a full-fledged playground with swings, fairy-tale characters and elements for relaxation. Finally, always busy dads will have the opportunity to show their creative talents and create something useful and beautiful on their own personal plot or backyard.

Car tires tend to become unusable, especially given the domestic quality of roads and sudden temperature changes. Instead of sending an old tire to a landfill, it can be slightly transformed and given new life on the playground, in the garden or vegetable garden.

We have collected a huge number of examples of how to do car homemade products using tires for various household and aesthetic purposes. Perhaps one of the most popular ways to use your old tire is the arrangement of playgrounds. The easiest option is to dig in half a row of tires and paint their upper part in bright colors. The architectural element created in this way will be used by kids as a device for walking and jogging with obstacles, as well as instead of "furniture", because sand products can be laid out on the surface of the tire, or even sit by yourself, resting on a quiet summer evening.

You can aesthetically diversify the exterior of the site by creating fairy dragons, funny bears that will greet your guests at the entrance to the courtyard, crocodiles and other animals lurking in the garden with the help of tires. For flower lovers, a car tire can replace a full-fledged flowerpot, and the plants planted in it will give the yard a well-groomed look.

Children can be pleased by creating a comfortable swing from the best-preserved tires. You can leave the shape of the tire in its original form, and, spending a little more time and effort, create an unusual swing in the form of horses.

Whatever you choose to create a car craft, your children will be delighted to see a homemade car in the yard anyway. Inventive kids will be able to play new games, and will definitely be proud of their folder, showing off your creation to friends. And the mixing of happiness and pride in you in the eyes of a child is perhaps the only thing for which you can step on the throat of a long-awaited weekend in the company of a sofa, TV and beer.

A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for various types of vehicles.

Car charger machine- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when the voltage on it drops to a certain level and turns off when the maximum is reached.
Charger for a car on an integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is an integrated circuit LM7815 with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide monitoring of current and voltage during battery charging.
Voltage polarity switch for charger - designed for charging twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows the connection of the battery, at any polarity.
Automatic charger for automotive lead acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries- based on the IR2153 microcircuit, this is a self-clocking half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps

Engine overheating sensor... In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED fixed on the dashboard of the car will start blinking, with a further decrease in temperature, the LED blinks with a higher frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, then the LED will light up constantly to - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive with seat belts unfastened, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine. In the arsenal of the radio amateur, there are special designs that signal the driver that the belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator... A device that signals a decrease in the water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Vehicle voltage indicator Most cars do not have a device, according to the readings of which the driver could judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system.
Drivers pre-sleep indicator circuit As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep while driving. To assess the psychophysiological state of a driver in the process of driving a vehicle, telemetric systems have been developed for monitoring the frequency of blinking of his eyelids, recording biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the driver's skin.

An amateur radio collection on the topic of lighting in the passenger compartment, as well as home-made constructions from backlighting the back number to replacing bulbs in the instrument panel: LED turn signal repeater, automatic anti-glare lamp, Low beam diagrams, structures and accessories for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and refinement, Scheme of the delay of turning on and off the light in the car, Running lights automatic control circuit on a microcontroller, etc.

Neutral sensor manufacturing... Many car enthusiasts know that a car alarm with auto start on a car with a manual transmission is quite difficult to install, and switching the alarm to automatic mode can get an unpleasant result. But, in order to solve these problems, you can make the autostart work safer by installing a neutral sensor from a reed switch. Recall that for autostart with a manual gearbox, the logical neutral of the car to alarm and blocking the doors can be done only when the engine is running and the handbrake is raised. If these conditions are not met, then autostart is not possible.
Anti-theft device simulator simulates your car's engine malfunctions
Infrared remote anti-theft device... The schemes of remote security devices for a car on IR rays are considered, in which information coding is used
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, install an anti-theft system. There are many different types of signaling devices currently available. Many firms and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm does not guarantee complete safety. It is also necessary to have a competent and sometimes non-standard alarm installation. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge to install
Simple starter interlock circuit consists of only one resistor and an optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work, it is worth changing its position, or if you touch it. The alarm sound signal lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds, it repeats and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is turned off.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone

Articles about the manufacture of tools and devices for the maintenance and repair of cars and their main assemblies with their own hands: Service of car batteries; stroboscope-tachometer circuits; Thickness gauge for car paintwork; Homemade regruver for tread cutting and other original designs.

We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic "mass" switch, which does not have mechanical contacts and therefore is more reliable and durable. In addition, this device can be used as an anti-theft device.

Auto schemes. Parktronic on a digital microcircuit

Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that gives additional convenience, especially to a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to the nearest obstacles to the car and signaling the approach to them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, that is, they emit ultrasonic waves with special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles

It's the 21st century, and car speedometers in most cars are still analog, processing signals from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding, nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for making by hand

Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will allow to identify the degree of alcohol concentration for self-monitoring of the driver in order to prevent trouble on the road.

I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event recorders, and anything that is powered from the USB bus.

Motion sensors (DD) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on the light or as an element of burglar alarms, but also in cars. For example, it will scare off a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving her life, and relieving you of the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of a poor animal. After all, infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a "thermal" background.

There are many nodes in the car to control the activation and serviceability of which is rather difficult, and for these purposes an audible signaling device is ideal, in addition, its use while reversing informs the surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the movement of the vehicle backward, which is especially important for large trucks

I suggest for your judgment, to familiarize yourself with a simple diagram of a car glass closer. It performs the role of lifting the windows at the moment when the car is put on the security alarm. The stopping of the operation of the window regulator device is carried out as a result of an increase in the flowing current in the load at the moment of full lifting of the glass.

Automotive electric gasoline pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, consider the device and principle of operation of the BOSCH 0580254 series submersible electric gasoline pump, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.

Car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made on composite transistors and thyristors

Many have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9 volt krone battery. On the road, they are conveniently powered from the car battery, without consuming expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the car's on-board network.

A selection of simple schemes for motorists: Anti-sleep buzzer, ice alarms, Installation for cleaning crankcase gases, Device for quick engine start in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle on the exhaust pipe and other designs

The collection of wiring diagrams for cars is a very large selection.

The circuits considered below on microcontrollers are displayed on a two-digit digital indicator with a common reading from a fuel sensor of 40 liters. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. A native vehicle sensor in the tank is connected to the “in” input.

Probably all drivers at least once forgot to turn off the direction indicators after making a maneuver? Regular clicks from the front panel are not always well audible, especially if music is playing in the cabin, so I propose to supplement your car with a simple do-it-yourself turn signal indicator circuit.

The cigarette lighter is one of the few car features that has retained its original design for over 70 years. As a result, the same design is used on both vintage cars and the most modern models. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for one function, although now in the modern "information world" it performs different functions, for example, a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.

Radio amateur circuits of turn signaling devices are designed to work only with LEDs in your car's brake lights, if you are still using conventional bulbs you can easily duplicate the design of the turn signal. Simple development " Stop lights"- a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they burn for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn relay modernization 495.3747 will allow you to introduce LEDs instead of incandescent lamps into the standard configuration of VAZ or GAZ.

The proposed first version of the modernization of the car wiper relay has a higher reliability of operation and can provide dynamic braking of the engine. In this case, no alterations of the standard electrical circuit are required. Quite simple options for upgrading the wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple wiper motor speed control - two positions "fast-slow" - little modification is simply necessary. And install a humidity sensor and water drops falling on it will start the circuit themselves.

A car monitor with rear view cameras is a very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you need to be a parking master to find a place to park your car. An example is clearly shown of installing a monitor in a car visor, which makes the image optimally positioned for the driver's eyes.

Nowadays, as never before, there is the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widespread are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measuring principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have drawbacks. Practice has shown that impeller sensors, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can operate for years without requiring maintenance, with an error in registration below the tolerance for this type of device.

An ignition system is a combination of various automotive instruments and devices that generate an electric spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine at the moment the ignition key is turned. On this page you can find various ignition connection diagrams for VAZ cars. As well as homemade radio amateur versions of the electronic ignition circuit

It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no need for a resistor in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not running, the circuit is smoothly without a spark, it turns off

In the Soviet automobile industry, the interrupter of direction indicators of the PC57 type was of an electromagnetic principle of operation and was used to ensure the flashing of signal lamps, which makes the supply of a turn signal to other road users more visible and noticeable. The turn signal interrupter is connected in series with the turn signal lamp circuit. Within the framework of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic counterparts.

Probably every motorist forgot to close the windows in the car in the warm season, so that this does not happen anymore, I propose to assemble a scheme designed to automatically close all windows in the car's interior when setting the alarm. Consider several possible options for implementing the design from simple circuits with relays to an automatic window regulator on a microcontroller.

Every driver of a truck or bus with a voltage of 24 volts on-board network faced the problem of connecting a 12-volt consumer. This article implements a solution to this problem.

In all modern cars, when the engine temperature reaches a critical level, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sharp start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of the option for replacing the relay for the soft start of the cooling fan.

Carburetor economizer device

Carburettors were installed on the car for many years until they gradually freed their place for various fuel injection systems. But the automotive age of Russian cars is long, and you still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, as you know, its normal operation is provided by some devices, among them the main one is a fuel economizer. It is about him that we will talk, and also consider the diagram of the forced idle economizer system for VAZ cars

A car starter is a device that allows the engine to start after a turn in all weather conditions. Almost all starters are, in essence, conventional, short-acting, high-power electric motors. The start-up cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with a 30 second interval between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for the starters.

Every car owner who has driven a budget car knows how long to wait for the heat from the engine when it warms up in the winter season, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. The time for a comfortable temperature is about 30 minutes, and so on every morning. The best idea for solving this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped to bring the idea to life.

In winter, many Russian drivers start the time when a pre-warmed engine is required to travel by car. The car antifreeze heating circuit helps to solve this problem. The first one discussed is simple enough to repeat.

Heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, glass, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All of the above parameters in a personal car are very convenient, and I help the driver to focus only on driving a vehicle, and not on their frozen fingers.

This design is designed to generate a sound signal when trucks and buses move backward, while in the automatic mode, a sound signal starts to generate a warning of the danger.

The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first is in reserve, that is, you do not have to worry about planting a car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. The only drawback they have is the parallel connection of 2 batteries

This amateur radio design is suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts even with the ignition off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, at the moment when the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. The basis of the circuit is the AVR Tiny13 microcontroller, the firmware is attached to it.

Those who are engaged in radio electronics at home are usually very curious. Amateur radio schemes and homemade products will help you find a new direction in creativity. Perhaps someone will find an original solution to this or that problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in various ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the simplest homemade products. More suitable for those who are just starting to tinker. If you have an old, but working cellular push-button telephone with a button to turn on the player, you can make, for example, a doorbell to your room from it. The advantages of such a call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are fastened with screws or brackets, which are carefully folded back. When disassembling, you will need to remember what is behind what, so that later you can collect everything.

The player's power button is soldered on the board, and instead of it two short wires are soldered. Then these wires are glued to the board so as not to rip off the solder. The phone is going. It remains to connect the phone to the call button through a two-wire wire.

Homemade products for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when homemade devices are simply needed. For example, something broke, given to a friend and the like. Then the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can intervene in without fear of damaging your car is the battery. If at the right time the charging for the battery is not at hand, you can quickly assemble it yourself. This will require:

A transformer from a tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are addicted to homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances, hoping that they will someday be needed. Unfortunately, there are two types of transformers used: with one and with two coils. Anyone will go to charge a 6 volt battery, and only two for 12 volts.

The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding leads, the voltage for each winding, and the operating current. To power the filaments of electronic lamps, a voltage of 6.3 V with a high current is used. The transformer can be altered by removing the extra secondary windings, or you can leave it as it is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is designed for a voltage of 127 V, therefore, combining them, they get 220 V. The secondary ones are connected in series to get 12.6 V.

The diodes must withstand a current of at least 10 A. Each diode requires a radiator with an area of ​​at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected to a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and a 10 A fuse in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate a short circuit, therefore, when connecting the battery, the polarity must not be confused.

Simple heaters

In the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where there is electric current, this problem can be solved by using a heat gun. To make it you will need:

• asbestos pipe;
• nichrome wire;
• fan;
• switch.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe is chosen according to the size of the fan to be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. The length of the pipe is everyone's preference. You can assemble a heating element and a fan in it, you can only a heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to start up the air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all the components in a sealed enclosure.

Nichrome wire is also selected over the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. For fastening, bolts are used that are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are chosen empirically. It is advisable that the spiral does not get red-hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine what voltage needs to be applied to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the mains via a cord with a plug, but it itself must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic machine. The second option is more preferable, it allows you to protect the general network. For this, the operating current of the machine must be less than the operating current of the room machine. The switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of malfunctions, for example, if the fan does not work. This heater has its drawbacks:

• harm to the body from asbestos pipes;
• fan noise;
• smell from dust falling on a heated coil;
• fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by using another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. To prevent the spiral from closing on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to assemble another electronic device - a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring not only satisfaction to those who are engaged in them, but also benefit. With their help, you can save energy, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. A time relay can be used for this purpose.

The easiest way to create a timing element is to use the time to charge or discharge the capacitor through the resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The following details are required for the diagram:

• high capacity electrolytic capacitor;
• pnp type transistor;
• electromagnetic relay;
• diode;
• variable resistor;
• fixed resistors;
• constant current source.

First, you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can work freely without sticking. A transistor is selected according to the selected relay, it is determined with what current and voltage it can work. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which in turn is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor with a minus supply. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive rail of the power supply through a variable resistor with high resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode, which turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay picks up, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain voltage value, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay disconnects the load. To make the circuit work again, you need to discharge the capacitor, for this switch the switch.