Tire marking. Explanation of designations and abbreviations. Nokian Hakka Z SUV Passenger Car Tires Main Tire Sizes

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMOTIVE TIRES

For the best handling, stability and flotation, the tires must be suitable for the vehicle and the operating conditions.

The tire consists of: carcass, belt layers, tread, bead and side part.
Depending on the orientation of the cords in the carcass, tires are distinguished:
radial
diagonal
In radial tires, the cords are located along the radius of the wheel, and in diagonal tires - at an angle to the radius of the wheel, and the threads of adjacent layers intersect. Radial tires are more rigid, they have a longer service life, better stability of the shape of the contact patch, and lower rolling resistance.

1. Bead wire ring
2. Sidewall
3. Longitudinal groove of the tread
4. Shoulder protector
5. Central rib of a protector
6. Protector
7. Nylon belt layer
8.2nd layer of steel belt
9.1st layer of steel belt
10.2nd layer of textile frame
11.1st layer of textile frame
12. Side tape
13. Bead heel
14. Base of the bead
15. Toe board
16. Filling cord
17. Sealing layer
18. Undercut tread

The tire has the following components:
- carcass- the main load-bearing element of the tire, consisting of one or more layers of rubberized cord, fixed, as a rule, on the bead rings. Cord is a fabric consisting of thick warp threads and thin rare weft threads, made on the basis of natural or synthetic fibers, or thin steel threads (metal cord);
- breaker- the inner part of the tire, located between the carcass and the tread and consisting of several layers of rubberized metal or other cord. The breaker is designed to mitigate the shock loads on the tire that occur when the vehicle is moving on the road;
- tread- the outer rubber part of the tire cover, as a rule, with a relief pattern, which provides traction with the road and protects the carcass from damage;
- sidewall- a layer of casing rubber located on the side wall of the tire, which protects the carcass from external damage;
- tire bead- the rigid part of the pneumatic tire, ensuring its attachment to the wheel rim.
In the belt of bias tires, the cords in the adjacent layers intersect with each other at an angle of 45 to 60 °, and in the radial ones - at an angle of 45 to 65 °.
Radial tires, in contrast to diagonal ones, have a carcass with fewer cord layers, a powerful breaker (usually steel cord), which provides them with less circumferential deformation during rolling and less slippage of the tread in contact with the road. Radial tires also have lower heat generation and lower rolling losses, longer service life, and withstand higher loads and speeds.

General information

By design, tires can be chamber and tubeless, and by design, radial and diagonal. Depending on the purpose and operating conditions, tires are divided into:
road(commonly called summer), are intended for use at positive temperatures on highways. Tires of this type provide the best grip on dry and wet roads, have maximum wear resistance and are best suited for high-speed driving. They are of little use for driving on dirt roads (especially wet ones) and in winter.
winter used on icy and snow-covered roads, the grip qualities of the surface of which may vary depending on the situation, from minimal (smooth ice or porridge of snow and water) to small (rolled snow in the cold). They have good road properties, somewhat inferior to summer "rubber". Many winter tires allow or have anti-skid studs.
all-season are a compromise option between summer and winter tires, therefore they are inferior in terms of grip and the first and second in the conditions appropriate for the season. They allow you to operate the car all year round on one set of tires.
universal have properties that allow them to be used both on highways and on dirt roads. It is advisable to use them for off-road vehicles that make approximately equal mileage on highways and roads. It can be difficult to draw a clear line between them and all-season tires.
off-road designed for off-road and soft terrain. It is advisable to use such tires only when driving on the highway infrequently. Otherwise, they will wear out faster and generate high noise levels.

Main tire sizes:

bore diameter (d) on the wheel rim, indicated in inches;
profile width (s) rim-mounted and inflated tire without load, indicated in millimeters or inches. This size must correspond to the landing width of the rim (table 1, 2, 3);
series (h)- the ratio of the height of the profile to its width in percentage. If the batch is absent in the marking, then this ratio is 80% or more;
outer diameter (D) is the diameter of the rim-mounted and inflated tire without load. Indicated in catalogs;
profile height (H)- the difference between the outer and landing diameters. Not shown in tire designation.

Tire tread patterns:

non-directional pattern (photo a) - symmetrical about the radial plane of the wheel passing through its axis of rotation. It is the most versatile, therefore, most of the tires are produced with this pattern;
directional pattern (photo b) - symmetrical about the plane passing through the middle of the tread. It has an improved ability to drain water from the road contact and reduced noise;
asymmetric pattern (photo c) - not symmetrical about the central plane of rotation of the wheel. It is used to implement different properties in one bus. For example, the outside of a tire performs better on dry roads, while the inside performs better on wet roads.

Tire designations:

Contains information on dimensions, tire construction, speed and load ratings. In accordance with current standards, the size designation can be millimeter, inch or mixed.
1 - maximum load and pressure (according to US standard);
2 - designation of the inner side of the tire with an asymmetric * tread pattern. The outer side in this case is designated "OUTSIDE";
3 - number of layers and type of carcass and belt cords;
4 - trade mark of the manufacturer;
5 - profile width;
6 - series;
7, 15 - designation of a radial tire;
8 - designation of a tubeless tire;
9 - landing diameter;
10 - index of carrying capacity;
11 - speed index;
12 - designation of the direction of rotation of the tire on the car (with a directional tread pattern);
13 - date of manufacture, for example, 28th week of 2001 (until 2000 - a three-digit number);
14 - mark of approval of the tire for compliance with Regulation No. 30 of the UNECE, conditional number of the country that issued the certificate, and the number of the certificate;
16 - model name.

Examples of tire designation according to GOST 4754-97:
1) 185 / 70R14
2) 215 / 90-15C
3) 5.90-13C
The numbers and letters mean:
185; 215; 5.90 - profile width in mm or inches;
70; 90 - series (the ratio of the height of the profile to its width in percent;
R - designation of a radial tire (in the designation of a bias tire, the letter “D” is not indicated);
14; 15; 13 - landing diameter of the rim in inches;
C - an index indicating that the tire is intended for light trucks and buses of especially small capacity.

In circulation, there are tires with other designations, for example:
1) 6,15-13/155-13
6.15 and 155 - profile width in inches and millimeters;
13 - rim landing diameter in inches.
There is no R, which means the tire is diagonal. Since no profile height is specified, it is over 80%.
2) 31x10.5R15 (for off-road tires, all dimensions in inches)
31 - outer diameter;
10.5 - profile width;
R - radial tire;
15 - landing diameter.

Domestic tire marking

In accordance with GOST 4754-97, the following mandatory inscriptions are applied to the tire:
trademark and (or) name of the manufacturer;
the name of the country of origin in English - “Made in…”;
tire designation;
trade mark (tire model);
bearing capacity index (carrying capacity);
speed category index (Table 4);
“Tubeless” - for tubeless tires;
“Reinforced” - for reinforced tires;
“M + S” or “M.S” - for winter tires;
“All seasons” - for all-season tires;
the date of manufacture, consisting of three digits, the first two indicate the week of manufacture, the last one - the year;
“PSI” - pressure index from 20 to 85 (only for tires with “C” index);
“Regroovable” - in case of the possibility of deepening the tread pattern by cutting;
approval mark “E” indicating the approval numbers and the country issuing the certificate;
"GOST 4754";
national mark of conformity to GOST (it is allowed to apply only in the accompanying documentation);
serial number of the bus;
sign of the direction of rotation (in the case of a directional tread pattern);
“TWI” - location of wear indicators;
balancing mark (except for tires 6.50-16C and 215 / 90-15C supplied to operation);
technical control stamp.

Foreign tire marking

They may have some other designations:
“Tous terrain” - all-season;
“R + W” (Road + Winter) - road + winter (universal);
“Retread” - restored;
“Inside” - inner side;
“Outside” - outside;
“Rotation” - direction of rotation (for tires with directional pattern);
“Side facing inwards” - the side facing inwards;
“Side facing outwards” - the side facing outward (for asymmetric tires);
“Steel” - designation of the presence of a steel cord;
“TL” - tubeless tire;
“TT” or “MIT SCHLAUCH” - tube tire.

Recommendations

It is desirable that all tires installed on the car are not only of the same size and design, but also of the same model and, if possible, of the same manufacturer. Despite the external similarity of some of the tread patterns, each tire model has a set of properties inherent only to it. When tires with a different, albeit very similar pattern are installed on different axles of a car (this is allowed by the Rules of the Road), the adhesion properties will inevitably differ, which can adversely affect handling in critical situations. In the event of a forced installation of not identical tires, the following combinations should be avoided whenever possible:
low-profile "rubber" in front and high-profile at the rear;
studded tires are installed on the drive axle of a front-wheel drive vehicle, and without studs at the rear;
new tires are installed in front, and completely worn-out tires at the rear, or vice versa, etc.
The last two options are especially dangerous, since on wet or icy asphalt the grip of the rear tires with the road is significantly reduced, which can lead to skidding and accidents.
All tires, even within the same type, differ in rubber chemistry, internal structure and tread pattern. This is due to the fact that it is impossible to make a “perfect” tire that would provide the maximum realization of the car's characteristics under all road conditions. Therefore, manufacturers produce tires:
with a certain specialization, when one (or two) properties are most developed (as a rule, to a small detriment to others). For example, a highway tire with low noise and good ride quality may not provide good stability and handling at high speeds. Or the tire has an increased resource and provides lower fuel consumption (compared to other models) due to low rolling resistance, but may not provide good comfort, stability and handling. As a rule, all large manufacturers (unfortunately, for the time being mostly foreign) indicate in their advertising brochures what exactly the best properties of this tire model has. True, at the same time they are silent about what properties they “sacrificed”;
with averaged, approximately the same in value, properties, to ensure an acceptable implementation of the characteristics of the car in a wide range of road conditions.
Therefore, before choosing tires, it is necessary to determine:
what properties of tires, in addition to reliable grip, are most important to you - "sportiness", comfort, efficiency, etc.
conditions in which the car will be used for a longer time;
maximum carrying capacity and speed, overall dimensions of the tire, which must correspond to the vehicle.
When switching to another dimension, it is desirable that the outer diameter of the tire does not change, which can be calculated by the formula: D = 25.4d + 2sh,
where d is the rim diameter of the wheel (inches), s is the width of the tire cross-section (mm), h is the tire series (the ratio of the height of the tire cross-section to its width in%). Recommended replacement options are shown in table. 5.
It should be borne in mind that the operation of tires at maximum speeds and load significantly reduces their resource.

Subtleties of tire marking

If the manufacturer of the car allows you to vary the size of the tires within certain limits, then for the summer, wider tires are preferable. On them, the car slows down a little better and slips less during intensive acceleration. But at the same time, it handles worse in tight cornering - the tire has to slip due to the fact that opposite sides of the tread cover different paths, and the wider the tire, the greater the difference in slip. In addition, wide tires float up in puddles at a lower speed than narrow ones.
The steering and stability of the car, and the smoothness of the ride, directly depend on the series or the height of the tire profile. The high sidewall resists bumps better, but when cornering, this tire will break, delaying the reaction, and change the trajectory. But the low-profile tire is tough and does not tolerate bad roads.
A separate category of tires is "M + S" (mud and snow). These tires have mediocre performance on asphalt, but have advantages on dirt and snowy roads. However, on the latter they behave worse than real winter ones, indicated additionally by an icon with a three-headed mountain peak and a snowflake. However, there may not be a badge.
Another "semi-all-terrain" category - All season - all-season tires. To some extent, they are close to the tires of the "m + s" type, since they allow both summer and winter operation. This versatility is acceptable in warm regions, where winters are short and not cold, and summers are not very hot. Universal tires lag significantly behind summer tires in summer and winter tires in winter.
Run-Flat tires (puncture-proof due to reinforced sidewalls) have their own distinctive markings, which are shown in the table:

Other markings that can be found on tires are shown in the table:.

Marking	What does	Note
All season or Tous terrain	All-season
R + W (Road + winter)	Road + winter (all-season)
M + S, M&S or M (.) S (mud + snow)	Mud and snow
XL (extra load)	Increased lifting capacity	The actual load capacity of a tire is determined by the load capacity index
R or Radial	Radial tire design
Reinforced	Reinforced
Retread	Restored
Regroovable	Cutting / deepening of grooves possible
Rotation (used with an arrow)	Direction of tire rotation	Directional tires only
Inside or Side facing inwards	Inner side of the sidewall
Outside or Side facing outwards	Outer side of the sidewall	For tires with asymmetric tread only
C (commercial)	For light trucks and vans	Usually located at the end of the tire dimension marking
P (passenger)	Passenger
LT (light truck)	For light trucks and buses	On American-made tires. Can be located in front of the tire dimension mark.
SUV	For off-road vehicles
Steel or Steel belted	Steel cord breaker
Tubeless or TL	Tubeless
Tube type or TT	With a camera
TWI (Tread wear indication)	Tread depth wear indicator
The letter "E" in a circle with a digital index	Confirmation of the tire type certification for compliance with UNECE Regulation No. 30.	The digital index in the circle is the number (code) of the country that carried out the certification, outside the circle - the number of the certificate.
Maximum load ...	Better to focus on the lifting capacity index
Maximum Pressure ...	Maximum Allowable Tire Pressure, US Standard
ETRO	European Technical Organization for Tires and Wheels
ECE	European Economic Commission
DOT	U.S. Department of Transportation
FMVSS	Federal Vehicle Safety Standard

For gourmets
Such people prefer to select a set of tires from the same batch, trying to avoid even minimal deviations in properties. Then you need to pay attention to the type marking: "DOT GU N4 FRVX 1908". On Michelin tires, this is collectively referred to as the manufacturer's DOT certification number, and means the following:
DOT (Department of Trasnpotation) - US Department of Transportation;
GU - manufacturer's code;
N4 - size code:
FRVX is an additional code, often including a batch or brigade number;
1908 (can be extruded separately from DOT) - the first two digits mean the week of the year (here 19), the last two - the year (2008) of the tire production.
ECE, ETRO and FMVSS certifications can be applied.
Tires of different batches, if they differ, then not so much as to be noticed by the consumer. The difference is usually negligible.
I'll reveal a little secret that many tire workers try not to advertise for obvious reasons. Vehicle manufacturers for OE tires make their own demands. Mercedes, for example, focuses on comfort, BMW on handling - as a result, the balance of properties of the tires changes slightly. At the same time, the name and tread pattern remain intact, and it is impossible to distinguish between them. Therefore, special marks are applied to them, which are shown in the table:

Additional markings on tires supplied with original equipment
Installed at the request of car manufacturers:

Note: Michelin recommends:
1. It is unacceptable to use tires without corresponding markings on cars of the brand marked in bold.
2. Tires marked in bold must not be used on vehicles of another manufacturer.

Tires without such markings are average, and are either sold or fitted to cars without special requirements for tires.
If you are looking for one tire for a BMW or Porsche, it is better to check if it has a special marking on it. If there is, look for the exact same one, ordering through a car dealer. It is clear that such a tire will cost more than a regular store tire. But only then you can be sure that in an emergency situation the car will not kick up with an "average tire". If you cannot find one, you will have to buy all four in a regular tire store.

About hernia
An increase in the speed and load ratings does not mean that the tire will be less afraid of breakdowns and rubbing against curbs. But there are still small advantages. Faster tires are structurally stronger in the radial direction. Often due to a reinforcing pad between the belt and the frame. These tires are slightly less vulnerable to impact but tend to be stiffer and noisier.
Tires with a higher load capacity index are distinguished not only by additional padding, but also by reinforced sidewalls. They are actually more durable. The shoulders are also reinforced with linings for SUV tires, so if you have to drive on bumpy roads, you can choose those that are suitable in size and speed capabilities. By the way, some imported cars for the Russian market are supplied by manufacturers with tires of obviously higher carrying capacity. Keep in mind that they are heavier, less comfortable, and increase fuel consumption. In addition, hard tires do not absorb impact energy poorly, therefore the suspension and body are more affected. A variant of a slight increase in "hernia resistance" is to increase the pressure above the recommended one by 0.3-0.5 bar. But let's not forget that this will worsen the grip of the wheels and the smoothness of the ride.

Tattoo on the shoulders

1. Recently, the sidewalls of some manufacturers' tires have been adorned with pictures of something like the following.
From left to right this means: summer, rain, snow, fuel economy, confident cornering. Others, if they introduce similar badges, try to keep them on the company's website, because this information is only needed when choosing tires.

2. Green tires have lower fuel consumption and lower noise levels. How much - only the manufacturer himself knows.
such an icon is used by Michelin. And Nokian and Pirelli - embossed leaves

3. The three-headed snow peak with a snowflake indicates that the tires are made for harsh winter conditions. It is used as an additional marking for tires of the "M + S" type

4. The most convenient wear indicator (Nokian) - just a quick glance at the tread to find out what its residual depth is (the numbers are "squeezed" to a certain depth) and whether the tires have retained the ability to remain winter (the snowflake will be erased from the tread when the depth of its grooves remains less than 4 mm)

5. Another Nokian trick is marking the position of the wheels on the car when changing tires during the season.

6. The interpretation of round and triangular color marks on the sidewalls of tires is not regulated by any international or European document. For example, Bridgestone, Yokohama, Kumho, label products in accordance with the requirements of car manufacturers. This is why color marks can be found on OE tires.
The most common interpretation of yellow markings is the lightest part of the tire. Red indicates the location of the maximum power discontinuity or the heaviest part of the tire. A white mark of any shape is a fragment of an OTK stamp.
The colored stripes in the tread grooves are usually logistic signals that make life easier for warehouse workers. To know for sure what each specific color stripe or label of any configuration means, you will have to contact the tire manufacturer.

Sergey Mishin contributed to the article

A few decades ago, the element of SUVs was rugged terrain, where they could show themselves in all their glory, although they felt good on hard surfaces. But recently, the trend is developing in such a way that cars of the SUV segment not only learned to drive well on asphalt, but also began to reach speeds previously inherent only in sports cars ...

This state of affairs did not leave aside and tire workers - after all, they had to design such tires that would be intended for "off-road vehicles" and, at the same time, would have outstanding indicators of speed, handling and durability.

After all, it's not a secret for anyone that modern SUVs of the premium segment (as well as “top-end” options from the mid-price segment) can accelerate from zero to 100 km / h in less than seven seconds without any problems, and their maximum characteristics exceed 200 km / h (and - significantly). As the most striking example, such figures can boast of the Porsche Macan, even in the smallest modification (let alone top-end ones), which became our benchmark for the selection of tires suitable for “especially capable” crossovers.

In total, 12 sets of tires were selected with the following parameters: disc diameter - 20 inches, profile width - from 255 to 275 mm, height - from 30% to 55%. Moreover, they all have a speed index Y - that is, they can withstand loads at speeds up to 300 km / h.

It is worth noting that "for the sake of" tires are listed alphabetically - because this is not a rating, but a list (what to choose, focusing on the combined combination of qualities and cost - it's up to you).

Japanese tires Bridgestone Alenza 001 are positioned as a "triumph of organic chemistry", and all because of the Nanoprotech formula - which gives them a significant resource.

Visually, they do not stand out for anything special, however, they have more rigid sidewalls than those of competitors - such an advantage not only positively affects comfort, but also reduces the tendency to break when cornering.

In addition, these tires have low noise, excellent braking properties on dry asphalt and good fuel efficiency - this conclusion is shared by both ordinary users and experts from test laboratories.

True, here it is worth noting a few "buts": these tires weigh 13.9 kg (a tire in the standard size 275/40 R20 Y) - heavy, and in retail stores they cost about 17,700 rubles - a little expensive.

These tires were "born" at the beginning of 2017, and in the hierarchy of the company itself they are located in an intermediate position between the most comfortable ComfortContact tires and the most sporty MaxContact.

But its main "highlight" against the background of the aforementioned "colleagues in the shop" is the possibility of using it in adverse weather conditions and outside the asphalt surface (but only with caution).

These tires exhibit an asymmetric tread pattern with gully grooves that are shaped like a storm drain. They contain short-chain polymers that help maintain stable performance throughout the tire's "life cycle".

It is also worth noting that the German organization ADAC recognized this rubber as the most economical, and the Chinese automobile magazine Motor Trend - the safest.

The weight of one Continental PremiumContact 6 tire is 12.8 kg (with a standard size of 255/55 R20 Y), and its retail price starts at 15 850 rubles.

General Tire Grabber GT tires are one of the most affordable tires on this list, but they meet all the requirements without any problems.

They are available in a wide variety of sizes, making them suitable not only for Porsche Macans, but also for full-size SUVs. Moreover, each such tire weighs only about 11 kg in the dimension 255/55 R20.

This rubber can boast of good handling on wet asphalt and high acoustic comfort, however, it is not suitable for off-road conditions - for these purposes, the company's lineup includes more "capable" options.

Testers usually praise the behavior of this rubber on wet surfaces and rate it as average on dry, but ordinary motorists most often highlight durability and braking qualities among their positive qualities.

But the main advantage of the General Tire Grabber GT lies in their price - the retail price of one tire is about 11,200 rubles.

The Goodyear Eagle F1 Asymmetric SUV is a novelty for 2018 that looks like Formula 1 tires and has only slightly worse performance.

These tires have an asymmetric tread pattern similar to that of passenger sports cars, and also boast similar technologies - Active Braking and Grip Booster. The first of them improves braking by increasing the contact area of the treadmill, and the second adds traction, as if penetrating the unevenness of the asphalt.

In addition, the tires demonstrate another technology - it helps to cool the tread more efficiently.

Goodyear Eagle Asymmetric SUVs perform well in many tire tests with a profile of 55% or less, and are considered by the general user to be one of the prettiest SUV options.

The weight of one such tire in the dimension 255/55 R20 does not exceed 12 kg, and the cost in ordinary stores starts from 12,500 rubles.

The company itself positions the Dunlop SP Sport Maxx tires as "Ultra High Performance" (so to speak - a binding phrase). However, in reality, this is just a reinforced version of passenger tires, with a more powerful and thicker sidewall, as well as stiffer central tread tracks with pronounced longitudinal grooves (something similar can be observed on rubber for long-haul tractors).

As for the tests, then on them these tires do not stand out "in the light" of competitors by any advantages, with the exception of directional stability.

But at the same time they are heavy and not the cheapest: the weight of one tire of standard size 255/55 R20 is 14.1 kg, and the cost is 14,500 rubles.

Korean tires Hankook Ventus S1 EVO 2 are of interest, first of all, by the fact that they are created "based on" developments that were used by the company in the DTM (where Hankook acted as a tire sponsor).

These tires have an asymmetric tread pattern that is all about racing (and definitely not associated with broken dirt). In addition, the tires boast Multi Tread Radius grooves of various widths and complex structures - which provide them with excellent road holding.

In terms of tests, when passing them, the Ventus S1 EVO 2 usually show stable straight-line behavior and good braking performance.

These tires are lightweight: the weight of one unit in size 255/55 R20 equals 11.6 kg. In addition to this, they are quite affordable - only 10,070 rubles in retail stores.

Michelin Latitude Sport 3 tires have a two-layer carcass, which, according to the manufacturer itself, gives it strength, both on asphalt surfaces and on unpaved roads. This is confirmed to some extent by tests - the presence of the latest generation of elastomers puts them in a leading position in the class in terms of wear resistance.

True, ordinary motorists in their reviews note the not very pleasant behavior of these tires when braking on wet asphalt, which, in turn, does not contribute to a reduction in the braking distance.

Michelin Latitude Sport 3 tires are not heavy - all alone about 12 kg (size 255/55 R20). But they are not cheap - 16 800 rubles.

In the Nitto lineup there are no high-speed models with the dimension 255/55 R20, but there are other interesting tires - on 275/30 R20 - this is the NT555 G2 model. But here it should be noted right away - not every disc will look good on a 30% profile, which is why the choice will not be easy. However, we can say with confidence that on such wheels an SUV will definitely attract a lot of attention, especially if it has other external modifications.

These tires are able to boast of perfected handling, high grip and braking properties and excellent directional stability, however, comfort from them can be achieved only if the crossover has a soft suspension. Moreover, it depends not only on the height of the profile, but also on the mass of the rubber itself - 13.7 kg (which is a lot).

The main advantage of Nitto NT555 G2 lies in their price - only 12,700 rubles apiece in retail stores.

Finnish Nokian Hakka Black 2 SUV tires are, in fact, a modified version of the Hakka Black passenger car specially for SUVs, featuring a reinforced sidewall and an additional layer of cord. Well, against the background of the first generation, they stand out with a new mixture composition, which contributed to maintaining comfort and improving performance, as well as a denser tread pattern.

The off-road performance of the tires is emphasized by an aramid ply and flanges that protect the gap between the rubber sidewall and the rim from sand, dirt and splinters.

One such tire with a standard size of 255/55 R20 weighs only 11.8 kg, and is relatively inexpensive - 12,400 rubles.

Toyo Proxes T1 Sport SUV tires have been designed specifically for use on dynamic and fast off-road vehicles, as evidenced by the rounded shoulder areas of the tread profile - this solution allows you to evenly distribute the load in corners without any damage to grip.

In general, they have a real bouquet of modern technologies: additional reinforcement of the sidewalls, the presence of silica in the composition and the tread pattern calculated by means of 3D modeling.

During tests, these tires usually perform well in terms of handling on wet asphalt surfaces, but ordinary users often complain about the decrease in acoustic comfort as they wear.

In addition, with the reinforcement, the manufacturer clearly overdid it - one tire with a dimension of 255/55 R20 weighs 13.9 kg. Although her price tag is quite acceptable - 12,080 rubles.

Italian Pirelli Scorpion Zero tires have already become famous for their exemplary dry performance. In addition, they are provided in a large number of dimensions available both for the domestic "Niva" and for old premium SUVs (for example, for the Lamborghini LM002).

These tires can boast of the most modern technologies, in which Italians are fully invested, thanks to which the final product is one of the best, but quite expensive (especially against the background of many competitors). Almost 80% of the rubber composition is represented by polymers based on silicon dioxide.

Tires of standard size 255/55 R20 cost 14,360 rubles apiece at retail points of sale, and their weight is 11.4 kg.

The Yokohama Advan Sport V105S tires are the undisputed leaders in the asphalt direction and are also suitable for cars such as the Porsche Macan. But the tires themselves are not new - their debut took place back in 2012, when the main emphasis was on comfort and safety, while speed performance was not given close attention.

Although, of course, since that time, the Japanese have constantly modernized their product, extolling sportiness in it - due to the technology of forming the profiles of Matrix Rayon Body Ply and the Sport Compound 5S, which includes three polymers with special properties at once.

In tests, the Advan Sport V105S typically demonstrates excellent dry handling and mediocre performance on wet asphalt. As for ordinary car owners, in their reviews they attribute a high level of comfort to the pluses of these tires, and quick wear to the minuses.

The mass of one such tire with a dimension of 255/55 R20 is 12.6 kg, and the price tag in retail stores starts at 11,500 rubles.

In addition to the manufacturer's name, brand, tire model and its standard size, the following additional markers may be indicated on the sidewalls of a car tire:

Designation	Description
#	Continental designation. Tire tread version for original equipment → Select Continental tires
	"Snowflake" icon - the tire is designed for use in harsh winter conditions → Choose winter tires
ACUST (Acoustic)	Michelin designation. The tire is manufactured using proprietary noise reduction technology in the vehicle interior.
AS All Season	All-season tire → Find all-season tires
Aquatred Aquacontact Rain Water Aqua	Designation option: the "umbrella" icon. Special "rain" tire. Manufacturers use different designations.
AW Any Weather	The tire is designed for use in all weather conditions.
C	(Commercial) - the index after the diameter designation determines that the tire is intended for light trucks and vans → Select tires for commercial vehicles
CMS	Construction Mining Service Tires
ContiSeal Cs	proprietary ContiSeal technology, which prevents pressure loss during puncture or cut by using a viscous material on the inner surface of the tire. → Find tires with ContiSeal technology
ContiSilent	Continental designation. The tire is made using the proprietary ContiSilent technology to reduce the noise level in the car. → Select tires with ContiSilent technology
DOT	American quality standard designation (Department of Transportation).
E	Continental designation. The tire is optimized for rolling resistance for original equipment.
E n	The letter E and the number in the "circle" - the tire complies with the European ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) requirements. Number n- country code. The numerical approval number is usually indicated below this symbol.
FB	Flat Base - a tire without a protective belt (without rim protection).
FR MFS CPJ	- tire with rim protection. Some manufacturers use, along with the designation FR(Flange Protector) or instead, other special designations. For instance, MFS(Maximum Flange Sheild) for Goodyear tires. Continental uses labeling ML for tires with rim protectors, homologated for installation on Mercedes or Audi vehicles. Michelin uses the CPJ mark for tires in the American market. → Select tires with rim protection
G3	Continental designation. Tire tread with only 3 grooves.
G4	Continental designation. Tire tread with only 4 grooves.
Inside	Side facing inwards... Marker on the inside of an asymmetric tire.
L	(Low Section Tire) - designation of a low-profile tire (indicated instead of a digital designation of a tire profile)
LT	(Light Truck) - designation of a tire designed for light trucks and minibuses (analogue C, mainly used for USA and Canada)
M + S M&S	Mud + Snow - "mud plus snow" - the tire is designed for heavy operating conditions. Used to mark both winter tires and SUV and all-season tires. The M + S mark is not a winter tire.
Max Load	Maximum permissible load on each wheel of the vehicle, in kg.
Max Pressure	Maximum allowable tire pressure, in kPa.
Outside	Side facing out... Marker on the outside of the asymmetrical tire.
OWL RWL ROWL	Outline / Raised While Letters - sidewall lettering in contoured or embossed white lettering.
Radial	Radial tire.
RBL	Raised Black Letters - Sidewall lettering in raised black lettering.
RF Reinforced	Reinforced tire, has an increased load index. Letter WITH at the end of the size (after the diameter) denotes a reinforced light truck tire.
Rotation	Analog: "arrow" (direction indicator). Marking the main direction of rotation of the tire.
Run flat RFT SSR ROF RunOnFlat Flat run ZP XRP DSST HRS	A marker of a technology that allows the tire to operate in the event of a loss of internal pressure due to puncture or cut (RunFlat System Component). Manufacturers use different designations for RSC technology. For example, Michelin uses ZP (Zero Pressure Technology), Continental - SSR, Nokian - Flat Run, Goodyear - ROF or RunOnFlat, Bridgestone - RFT, Dunlop - DSST, Kumho - XRP (eXtended Runflat Performance), Hankook - HRS (Hankook Runflat System). Technological methods used by manufacturers to implement the "anti-puncture" system can also be different. There are generally accepted designations for individual manufacturers: RSC (RunFlat System Component) - for all Run Flat tires installed on BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce cars; MOE (Mercedes Original Extended) - for Mercedes-Benz vehicles; AOE (Audi Original Extended) - for Audi vehicles. In addition, combinations of designations of "anti-puncture" tires may be used in the tire designation (for example, ZP MOE - Michelin tires with Zero Pressure technology for Mercedes cars; SSR MOE - Continental tires with SSR technology for Mercedes cars, etc.). → Choose RunFlat tires
SAG	Super All Grip is an all-terrain tire.
SC	Continental designation. The tire is made of a special soft compound.
SEAL SLFS (SelfSeal) SealInside	The tire is made using SEAL technology, which prevents pressure loss during puncture or cut by using a viscous material on the inner surface of the tire. SelfSeal - Michelin's proprietary technology for sealing punctures due to a special viscous layer, including natural rubber, located in the inner cavity of the tire. → Choose tires with SelfSeal technology SealInside (Seal Inside) is a proprietary Pirelli technology that allows you to continue driving without reducing air pressure even after a puncture with a foreign object.
Steel	There is a metal cord in the tire construction.
SUV	Sport Utility Vehicles is a tire for sport crossovers and SUVs. This is often the way to mark a tire for heavy four-wheel drive vehicles. → Choose SUV tires
Temperature Index	A, V, WITH- temperature index, heat resistance of rubber at high speeds on a test bench (A is the best indicator). Used mainly in American markings.
Traction Index	A, V, WITH- grip index, tire braking ability on a wet road surface. Used mainly in American markings.
Treadwear Index	Endurance Index, the relative expected mileage compared to a specific US standard test. Used mainly in American markings.
Tubeless TL	Tubeless tire.
Tube type TT	The tire is operated only with a tube.
TWI	Location indicators for wear indicators, may be marked with an arrow.
XL Extra Load	Reinforced tire, load index is higher than that of conventional tires of the same size → Select reinforced tires
date	Four digits in the "oval" - date of manufacture tires. The first two digits indicate the week of manufacture from the beginning of the year, the last two - the year of manufacture.
thorn type	AD- the tire is studded with an aluminum spike; BD- the tire is studded with a Diamond Plus stud (Continental marking); DD- the tire is studded with a spike with a rectangular core with a diamond edge; HD- the tire is studded in accordance with the new European rules (Continental marking); MD- the tire is studded with a plastic spike with a carbide core; OD- the tire is studded with a spike with an oval core; SD- the tire is studded with a spike with a carbide core.

Colored markings on the tire

Yellow marker on the tire sidewall (circle or triangle) defines the position of the lightest spot on the tire. Alignment with the heaviest place on the disc (usually this is the place where the nipple is attached) during installation new tire improves wheel balancing.

Red marker on the tire sidewall (circle or triangle) defines the place of the maximum force inhomogeneity. Such a mark is applied, as a rule, to car tires of the original (factory) configuration of the car.

Colored longitudinal lines applied to the tread are used solely to facilitate identification of the tire model (for example, in warehouse storage conditions).

Digital stamp(usually white, in the center of a circle or triangle) on a car tire is the personal marker of the inspector who performed the final inspection of the tire at the factory.

Automotive tire markings

Some tires are labeled with an alphanumeric code that indicates some features in the context of their use for installation on vehicles of specific manufacturers or brands. Tires with these special markings differ from the standard of their model. Their characteristics are optimized for maximum performance on target vehicles.

Characterizing tires that have a special marking of the automaker, they often say "the tire is homologated" (from the English omologation - bringing technical characteristics and parameters in accordance with the requirements of standards or requests). It is not uncommon for leading car manufacturers to homologate specific tire models for their vehicles, including those for initial fittings. The homologation marker, in addition to the target indication, indicates the high quality of the tire, since in the process of improving the tires, they undergo serious tests for compliance with world standards and the standards of the automaker.

Some specific markings from car manufacturers restrict the use of tires for a particular vehicle, others indicate general technical features of use. For a correct understanding of the special marking, it is worth contacting specialists before buying. The following table provides an explanation of the most common symbols.

Additional marking	Manufacturer, model car	Comments (1)	Ability to install tires WITHOUT additional marking on cars of this manufacturer	Possibility of installing tires With additional marking on cars of other car manufacturers
*	BMW, Mini	Find tires with BMW homologation		Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
* BM1	Bmw x5	Recommended for installation on BMW X5	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
* BMW M M3	Bmw m (M3, Z4M, M5, M6)	For BMW M and Z series vehicles.	Not recommended	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
A	Toyota Auris	All new cars have special tire markings. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
AO	Audi	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
AR	Alfa romeo	Some newer vehicles have special tire markings. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
B	Bentley Continental gt	Michelin markings. For Bentley Continental GT only.	Not recommended	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
C1	Chrysler viper	Michelin markings. All new cars have special tire markings.	Not recommended	Not recommended
DT DT1 DT2	Everything	All new cars have special tire markings. Michelin mark for tires with modified tread pattern. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
F	Ferrari	Pirelli mark. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
G1	Everything	All new cars have special tire markings. Michelin mark for specific tire dimensions with modified geometry. It is imperative to use the same tires on the same axle. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
J J1 JRS JLR	Jaguar	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance. The JLR designation uses Michelin for tires homologated for Jaguar and Land Rover. Find tires with Jaguar homologation	Yes	Yes
K1 K2	Ferrari	Michelin markings. All new cars have special tire markings. It is obligatory to use 4 tires due to the specificity of these cars. Find tires with Ferrari homologation * At Pirelli, the markings K1, KA, K ... are an internal designation for individual versions, while it is recommended to install tires of the same type on one axle.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Not recommended
LR	Land rover	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance. Find tires with Land Rover homologation	Yes	Yes
MC MC1	McLaren	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
MO	Mercedes	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
MO1	Mercedes AMG	Michelin markings. Installation of 4 tires is recommended. Find tires with Mercedes homologation	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
MOE MOExtended	Mercedes	Michelin, Continental, Bridgestone, Pirelli, etc. Run-flat tires for Mercedes vehicles.	Yes	Yes, 4 tires are recommended. Not recommended for use on vehicles without pressure monitoring system.
MGT	Maserati	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance. Find tires with Maserati homologation
N0 N1 N2 N3 N4	Porsche Volkswagen Tuareg	All new cars have special tire markings. It is obligatory to use 4 tires due to the specificity of these cars. Find tires with Porsche homologation	Not recommended (except VW Touareg and Porsche 911 (type 991) / Boxster / Cayman (type 981)	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
RO1	Audi Quattro, RS6, RS4, R8 ...	For Audi RS series vehicles. Installation of 4 tires is recommended. Find tires with Audi homologation	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
RP	Everything	All new cars have special tire markings. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
S1	Everything	Special Michelin mark for low rolling resistance tires. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
T0	Tesla	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.
TPC	Cadillac ATS-V	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes, 4 tires are recommended.	Not recommended.
V1	all	The markings are most commonly found on Goodyear tires. Indicates a new rubber compound with improved performance.	Yes	Yes
VO	Volkswagen Tuareg	For 255 / 60R17 106V. Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance.	Yes	Yes
VOL	Volvo	Fitting tires with this mark is recommended for optimum performance. Find tires with Volvo homologation

Alexey about the Tigar Summer SUV tire

Maybe my review will help someone, tk. I am not an "envious" of a company that was able to make wheels 235/55/19 for 6 thousand and gave a nose to all eminent brands that offer similar sets from 10-12 thousand rubles. See for yourself!

So, I really liked the rubber. Over the summer, I walked about 20 thousand km. From the tire I wanted to get silence, good stability and an adequate price. I have always been an adherent of the opinion "it is better to buy a tire at a higher price, it is better not to save on health". After moving from radius 17 to radius 19, the budget was slightly reduced and still decided to try the Tigar SUV Summer. The rubber was used on the Chevrolet Captiva 3.2. Those who know this car - it is quite good to light it up. Used tires at different speeds. It also accelerated to 180 km / h. There were no surprises. The rubber runs smoothly, confidently! In the rain and on wet asphalt, it also holds excellent. Then what else do you need from summer tires? Handling on ice or snow? Funny! As for the noise, the tires are very soft. For a very long time I was looking for tires, from which it will be really quiet in the car. I found her. I recommend Tigar to everyone. The tire is of excellent quality.

After buying this rubber, I decided to take a chance and change the winter tires to Chinese Velcro. Took Jinyu YW52. Later I will write a review about them, tk. I only use it for a couple of days, but the car became much quieter, especially after Nordman 4, which after 70 km / h turned into an airplane.

Anyone who wants to take a tiger - take it, you will not regret it. Not suitable for chasers, because soft and can float in turns. For ordinary drivers who have a sense of self-preservation, not a rubber wallet (although even if it is a rubber one, I still recommend a tire) and an ear for music that does not like the "hum" and "mumble" of rubber - Tigar Suv Summer is for you! Hope my review helps you with your purchase!

Car: Chevrolet Captiva

ICO Score: 4.54

Dmitry about the tire Tigar Summer SUV honest review

I purchased these tires instead of my native continental, which honestly departed 150,000 km. I have not seen rubber live, I chose according to reviews. The main criterion was price and reliability, and in these parameters I give a solid five. Rubber is soft and from this all the pros and cons - it is quiet, comfortable on uneven roads, good on clay and sand, does not float on water at speed; but at the same time slightly rolling in corners and on a straight line, softer braking and acceleration without slipping.

During installation, the maximum unbalance is 45 grams (on old discs).

High-speed h-ki on the highway 170, in the rain 130, at the roundabouts of the ring road 70 km / h

Up to 1000 km. was very quiet, then noisier.

On snow and ice without fanaticism up to 90 km / h.

It sticks on the smooth asphalt, tries to jump out of the rut.

There are no hernias or cuts in the pits and potholes yet.

I also noticed an interesting feature: after an overnight stay (+ 5C this summer), about 10 km of square rubber (beats the steering wheel by 60 km / h). then it warms up and everything is fine. During the day I did not notice this. And one more interesting detail: at a speed of 140-150 on dry asphalt, enter wet, but without puddles, the car "leads" for a few seconds, then the tires seem to adjust and go smoothly. You have to be careful - turn off the cruise in advance (slow down) on a dry surface. By wear for 7000 it is not visually visible. I think 120-140 t.km. passes.

Car: Ford Kuga

Size: 235/55 R17 103V XL

Buy it again? Definitely yes

ICO score: 4.77

Fedor about the tire Tigar Summer SUV honest review

The price is the main plus.

Nothing special - rubber is like rubber. The previous Continental cross contact was noisier, this one is slightly less noisy, but the original Dunlop was both softer and quieter. I have not traveled on ice and snow and do not plan to. On a wet road and through puddles, it drains water as expected, I did not notice aquaplaning.

There is one jamb - The wide and rather deep longitudinal grooves are very good for draining water from under the wheels, but not very small stones stick to them on the primer and when driving onto the asphalt and gaining speed they start shooting at the wheel arches.

Vehicle: Nissan X-Trail

Size: 225/55 R18 98V

Buy it again? Most likely

ICO Score: 4.38

Nikolay about the Tigar Summer SUV tire

The best summer tires in terms of price-quality ratio of ALL available on the Russian market!

Car: Nissan Qashqai + 2

ICO score: 4.31

Alexander on the Tigar Summer SUV tire

excellent rubber, not noisy, holds well. I didn’t ride on snow and ice, therefore the score is low

Car: Hyundai Starex 2.5TD 1998-2006

ICO score: 4.31

Ryabov Evgeniy about Tigar Summer SUV tire

I decided to try this rubber after use

Bridgestone Dueler H / P Sport. Took in the size 235/65 R17 108V XL.

First of all, rubber was attracted by the price.

The manufacturer Tigar is part of the Michelin group of companies, produces rubber according to their technology on relatively new equipment supplied from France in the early 2000s, which gave me reason to believe that the rubber should be of quite decent quality.

I also really liked the tread pattern because of its versatility. The drainage grooves are clearly visible, which should save from aquaplaning in the rain. The side tread elements suggest that the rubber will not be completely helpless on light off-road conditions (by the way, it is marked M + S on the side surface). A rather massive middle part with many small sipes is designed to keep the car on the asphalt during acceleration, braking and cornering.

The side of the tire looks decent enough, which is important for the appearance of the car - few people would like to have KAMA or Belshina written on the tires of their more or less decent foreign car.

The Summer SUV model is a novelty of 2015, the actual manufacturer's marking on the sidewalls confirms this fact - the tire production date is 2015.

At the balancing stage, the rubber proved to be normal, the amount of balancing weights for this standard size is within reasonable limits. Far from ideal, but waiting for a miracle from rubber costing less than 5,000 rubles is stupid.

What immediately caught my eye - the tires are quiet and moderately soft. The softness was very noticeable to the touch on non-installed tires.

When entering a corner at a speed slightly above reasonable, the rubber continues to hold, but lateral roll begins to be felt - this is a consequence of 235 width. I can advise you to look in the direction of 255 tires, but, alas, they already go to the 18th rim, but they have a higher speed and load index. Well, or you can put spacers and increase the outreach, if you do not mind the wheel bearings.

Braking. If you are switching from more expensive tires, be sure to try decelerating more energetically from speed on an empty stretch of road to understand the rubber. She stands up, but not as confidently as she would like (although this is not reasonable to expect from her).

Unfortunately, I have not yet driven much on this rubber and therefore there have not been any tests on soil and water. It will handle water well, I'm sure. I think I should also cope with light off-road conditions, especially considering the four-wheel drive and locks.

In conclusion, I can say the following.

Tigar SUV Summer is an excellent all-round rubber in the lower price segment for crossovers and SUVs, designed for use on asphalt and dirt roads in everyday use. It has a good indicator of quietness and softness of the ride, while it feels quite confident with moderately aggressive driving and does not save in the rain, including on a dirt road. But do not expect a miracle from her - rubber is not suitable for high-speed operation and will not cope with serious off-road conditions.

An excellent choice in terms of price / quality in the category of universal summer tires.

(Estimates for wear, ice and snow are not relevant)

Car: Volkswagen Touareg 3,2L 2003-2007

ICO score: 3.92

However, the difference between the types of tires lies not only in the size, shape and tread pattern, but, most importantly, in their design: the structure of the carcass, the materials of the cord, belt, etc. When creating tires for a specific type of transport, developers have to take into account many parameters: speed range, load, driving mode, temperature conditions, road types or their absence, and much more. If the difference in tires for a small car and a mining dump truck is visible to everyone, then only specialists can sometimes find differences in tires for commercial vans and SUVs of similar dimensions.

Tires of different types are designated by the corresponding abbreviations.

Cars and SUVs:

UHP(Ultra High Performance) - high-speed (literally, "ultra-high performance") tires for sports cars and other powerful high-speed models. These tires are characterized by a high speed index - from 270 km / h. They must retain their shape and a tight uniform fit in the contact patch during intensive acceleration, sharp braking, in high-speed turns. High demands are placed on the strength of the tire. At the same time, tires should be as light as possible in order to reduce unsprung masses, thereby improving dynamics and handling. Therefore, UHP models are usually endowed with a tread with massive longitudinal ribs and a low profile. The pattern is most often asymmetrical with a developed negative profile to reduce the risk of aquaplaning, for example, Pirelli P Zero. Less common are models with a symmetrical directional sweep pattern such as the Yokohama S.drive and the Hankook Ventus V12 Evo 2.

UHP SUV modifications are also available for high-speed SUVs and crossovers. Often, within the same model line, the tread pattern and many engineering solutions coincide with a similar tire from the passenger range. For example, Nokian Hakka Black and Hakka Black SUV, Goodyear Eagle F1 Asymmetric and Eagle F1 Asymmetric SUV. At the same time, SUV tires have a reinforced carcass taking into account the greater mass and high center of gravity of the crossovers. It is important to take into account that despite the "off-road" markings, these tires are not recommended for use outside good asphalt - a smooth tread pattern with a minimum of traction edges and transverse sipes - works ineffectively on wet ground or wet grass.

In the model range of a number of companies there are winter high-speed tires, for example, Continental ContiWinterContact TS 850 P or Michelin Pilot Alpin PA4 with speed index "W". Some manufacturers also call them UHP tires, but in a separate class. It should be borne in mind that in terms of acceleration and braking dynamics, speed of cornering, winter UHP tires are significantly inferior to summer models.

HP(High Performance) - high-speed or "high-performance" tires capable of operating efficiently at speeds up to 240 km / h. These tires are externally and structurally similar to UHP models, but their consumer qualities are biased towards greater comfort, versatility and durability. They are less demanding on the quality of the road surface, although they are also made for asphalt. The dynamic performance of these tires will satisfy most gambling drivers.

PCR(Passenger Car Radial Tires) - almost modern passenger car models, both summer and winter, fall under the definition of "radial tires for passenger cars", since the structure of the carcass almost always uses a radial arrangement of the cords.

WTR(Winter Passenger Car Radial Tires) - "winter radial tires for passenger cars." This abbreviation identifies a specific subtype from the previous designation.

SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle) - formally, this abbreviation does not refer to tires, but designates off-road vehicles (literally, "sports universal car"). However, tire manufacturers often use it in the names of their products to underline the purpose of the model. This is especially important when the appearance of such a tire almost completely coincides with a passenger tire under a similar index.

Trucks, light trucks and special vehicles:

Ltr(Light Truck and Van Radial Tires) - "Radial tires for light trucks and vans." These tires are usually the same size as passenger cars and SUVs, but they have significant features. The structure of the frame is designed for an increased load, and the rubber compound provides high mileage, since the mileage of commercial vehicles is usually higher than that of cars. For these tires, directional stability and acceleration and braking dynamics are much more important than fast cornering, therefore massive longitudinal ribs, as well as transverse coupling edges in the form of grooves and sipes, prevail in the tread pattern. The Pirelli Chrono 2 and the Hankook Radial RA08 LT are good examples.

LTB(Light Truck and Van Bias Tires) - "Tires for light trucks and vans with nylon cord". Some manufacturers use this abbreviation when it is important to distinguish between nylon cord models and steel cord tires.

TBR(Truck and Bus Radial Tires) - "radial tires for trucks and buses." These tires are designed for high load, specific dimensions and high mileage of this vehicle. There are both universal models for any axis, and specialized ones. The drive axle features a tread pattern with a large number of individual blocks and transverse traction edges to provide the best traction, such as the GT Radial GDL617. Tires with multiple longitudinal ribs are usually installed on the steered axle for better directional stability, for example, the Hankook AL10.

TBB(Truck and Bus Bias Tires) - "Tires for trucks and buses with nylon cord". Tires for this category of vehicles with nylon cord are more often bias construction. Diagonal models perform better on dirt roads, and have a reinforced sidewall. However, rolling resistance and fuel consumption are higher with these tires and the comfort is lower.

CMK(all-steel cord tires) - "all steel tires". The opposite situation is when the Russian-language abbreviation has no foreign counterpart. Steel wire is used here in the manufacture of both the frame and the belt. This allows the worn out tread to be restored to a new state up to three times, which reduces the cost of operating the vehicle.

OTR(Off The Road) - tires for off-road use. This is a large category of tires for special vehicles. Therefore, the shape, construction and tread pattern of these tires vary considerably. Within this type, there are special letter combinations.