The electrical circuit of the UAZ “Loaf” injector 409 is based on the design of cars of previous modifications, but has its own characteristics. Modern cars received an injection engine, which improved dynamics and increased fuel efficiency.

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Technical characteristics and design features of the ZMZ 409 engine

Petrol ZMZ engine 409 equipped with the system direct injection microprocessor controlled, based on cast iron block cylinders of the ZMZ 406 model unit. The power plant was created specifically to equip UAZ vehicles, as well as Volga (experimental and small-scale versions). From base engine It is distinguished by an increased piston stroke and modernized pistons, which made it possible to retain the old connecting rods. Depending on version software the motors meet the requirements of Euro-2/3 or 4. The latest modifications of the motor comply with Euro-5 standards and have modified power and torque curves.

Serial number power unit, which is the vehicle's VIN number, is located on the left side of the engine block above the front support mount.

Technical characteristics of the power unit:

• block design - 4-cylinder in-line;
• number of valves per cylinder - 4 (2 for intake, 2 for exhaust);
• cylinder diameter - 95.5 mm;
• piston stroke - 94 mm;
• working volume - 2693 cubic meters. cm;
• compression ratio - 9;
• The order of flashes in the cylinders is 1:3:4:2;
• maximum power (version for UAZ “Bukhanka”) - 112 hp. With. at 4250-4400 rpm;
• torque - no less than 198 N/m at 2500 rpm;
• fuel type - unleaded gasoline with octane number 92 or more;
• direction of rotation crankshaft(from the pulley side) - right;
• type of cooling system - liquid, forced type;
• crankcase ventilation system - forced, closed type, operates from a vacuum inside the intake manifold;
• engine weight (with attachments) - 190 kg.

Main features of the engine design:

• the working mirrors of the cylinders are made directly in the material of the cast iron block, without the use of liners;
• main bearing caps are not interchangeable, since the parts are processed together with the block;
• the front cover of the camshaft supports is the same for the intake and exhaust;
• the timing gear bearing caps are machined together with the head, so they cannot be swapped;
• installed in the valve drive hydraulic compensators gaps;
• some engines have camshafts intake and exhaust with identical cam profiles;
• the pistons have recesses on the bottom that prevent contact with the valves in the event of a violation of the valve timing;
• the valves and mounting springs are identical to those used on the engines of the VAZ-2108 car.

To complete the UAZ “Bukhanka” vehicles, several engine modifications were supplied, differing in attachments.

Varieties of electrical wiring diagrams for the “Loaf”

On early cars used carburetor engine, which on modern versions is replaced by injection. The external lighting technology has changed, brake system disk mechanisms appeared (in front) and began to be mounted anti-lock braking system(ABS).

The Ulyanovsk plant produced early versions of the bus with all-wheel drive(model 452) and only with a rear drive axle (451D). The electrical components of the machines were identical.

A simple circuit in which there is no electronic carburetor control unit

Purpose of elements on early versions of the carburetor minibus UAZ 451M and 452:

1. Lead-acid battery with a voltage of 12V.
2. Engine starter.
3. Additional relay for starting the starter.
4. Voltage regulator.
5. Generator.
6. Central switch for external lighting.
7. Foot switch for selecting the operating mode of the headlights.
8. A front light that functions as a side signal and a direction indicator.
9. Headlight.
10. Instrument cluster.
11. Left turn signal indicator.
12. Current meter in the on-board network.
13. A device for displaying the amount of gasoline in the tank.
14. Coolant temperature gauge.
15. Lubrication system pressure gauge.
16. Right turn signal indicator.
17. Speedometer installed separately from other instruments.
18. High beam indicator lamp installed in the speedometer.
19. Fan drive motor for driver. The device was installed only on tropical machines.
20. Fan switch.
21. Wiring connecting element.
22. A sensor that determines the pressure level in the oil system.
23. A measuring element that transmits a signal about the coolant temperature.
24. Separate sensor that detects overheating power plant. Based on a signal from the device, a warning lamp on the instrument panel turns on.
25. Control indicator for motor overheating.
26. Sound signal.
27. Alarm button.
28. Distributor of high-voltage ignition pulses.
29. Lamps for lighting the cabin and rear of the minibus.
30. Cabin lighting control.
31. Thermal reusable fuse.
32. Turn signal control lever mounted on the steering column.
33. Interrupting turn signal relay.
34. A switch on the brake pedal that controls the operation of the brake lights.
35. Spark plug.
36. Noise suppression resistor installed in the tip of the spark plug wire.
37. Ignition coil.
38. Plug connector for connecting additional devices.
39. Fuse box.
40. An electric motor drives the windshield wipers.
41. Windshield wiper operating mode switch.
42. Fan drive motor. The device is used to blow windshield.
43. Switch for the interior air supply system.
44. Ignition switch equipped contact group for switching the ignition system and starter.
45. Rear lighting control.
46. Fuel level sensor installed inside the tank.
47. Switch for the negative pole of the battery ("ground").
48. Rear license plate light.
49. A combined signal that includes a lamp for the parking lights and a second one for the brake signal and turn signal.

Electrical diagram of early UAZ 452/451D

Complex circuit with a connected carburetor control unit

Description of the electrical components of the carburetor “Loaf”, produced since the mid-80s (without a steering column switch unit):

1. Front right combination lamp.
2. Right headlight.
3. Fog light on the front of the car (right).
4. A similar unit installed on the left.
5. Left headlight.
6. Front left combination lamp.
7. Switch for the control diode to reduce the fluid level in the brake hydraulic system.
8. Klaxon.
9. Windshield cleaner.
10. Stop light switch.
11. Electric washer pump.
12. Additional heater fan resistor.
13. Controller for turning on front fog lights.
14. Low beam headlight relay.
15. A similar unit for high beam.
16. Fuse link for fog light circuit protection (rated 10A).
17. Relay for controlling direction indicators and hazard warning lights.
18. Headlight mode switch.
19. Electric heater fan.
20. Cigarette lighter.
21. Cigarette lighter circuit fuse (16A).
22. Windshield wiper operating mode switch.
23. Klaxon button.
24. Control of the lighting system in the cabin.
25. 20A thermal fuse.
26. Block fuse links.
27. Plug connector.
28. Heater fan speed switch.
29. External lighting control button.
30. Adjustable resistance of the instrument lighting system.
31. Speedometer.
32. Voltmeter.
33. Pressure gauge.
34. Thermometer.
35. A device for displaying the amount of fuel in the tank.
36. High beam indicator.
37. A lamp showing the operation of the direction indicators.
38. Parking brake warning signal.
39. Indicator of malfunction of one of the circuits of the service brake system.
40. Lamp low pressure in the lubrication system.
41. Cooling system overheating warning light.
42. Egnition lock.
43. Carburetor economizer control controller.
44. Key to turn off the front fog lights.
45. Alarm control button.
46. Cabin lighting.
47. Generator.
48. Oil pressure alarm sensor.
49. Sensor of the device showing operating pressure in the lubrication system.
50. Measuring element in the cooling jacket.
51. Fixation device elevated temperature(if overheated).
52. Ignition system switch.
53. Vibrator, used when the switch fails.
54. Limit switch under the parking brake lever.
55. Additional resistance.
56. Starter start relay.
57. Economizer solenoid valve.
58. Additional solenoid for unbalance valve.
59. Small size valve switch mounted on carburetor.
60. Spark plug of the first cylinder.
61. A similar element of the second cylinder.
62. Third candle.
63. Fourth candle.
64. Pulse distributor with sensor.
65. Coil.
66. Side right turn signal.
67. Switch for measuring sensors in the left and right fuel tank.
68. Starter.
69. Battery.
70. Negative battery power switch.
71. Transmission limit switch reverse, including a warning light.
72. Side left turn signal.
73. Fuel quantity meter in the first tank.
74. A similar unit for the second container.
75. Tail light right side car.
76. License plate light (right).
77. Left room lamp.
78. Fog lamp on the rear.
79. Reverse warning light.
80. Left rear combination lamp.

Diagram of electrical components of the “Loaf” without steering column switches

When using a block of steering column switches on the “Loaf”, the windshield wiper control is placed on it, and a clock is installed on the instrument panel. The rest of the scheme electrical wires remains the same.

Wiring diagram for "Loaf" with injection engine

Elements of the electrical circuit of the UAZ “Loaf” injector 409 include the following items:

1. Front right lamp, consisting of turn signal lamps and side lamps.
2. Electric windshield washer pump.
3. Windshield cleaner.
4. Steering column switch for the operating modes of the cleaner and washer.
5. Rear fog lamp control key.
6. External button alarm.
7. Electric motor for the impeller of the additional heater located in the passenger compartment. The unit is used on some vehicle trim levels, for example, 220695 or 396255.
8. Right headlight.
9. Additional resistor in the main heater fan circuit (used on all minibuses).
10. Electric motor of the main heating and ventilation device.
11. Fan operating mode switch.
12. Resistor of an additional heating device (installed only in conjunction with item 7).
13. Control of the operation of the second heater (optional).
14. Fuel module installed inside the tank.
15. Right turn signal.
16. Rear combination lamp on the right side.
17. Level sensor brake fluid in the supply tank.
18. Klaxon.
19. Controlling the operation of the sound signal.
20. Switching relay fog lights on the back of the car.
21. Switch for operating modes of external light signaling.
22. Control indicator block.
23. Speedometer.
24. Separate safety element in the power supply circuit of the main heater motor.
25. Generator.
26. Engine starter.
27. Battery 12V.
28. Ground wire breaker, installed on parts of cars.
29. Rear registration plate illumination lamps.
30. Fog lamp on the stern.
31. Steering column switch for direction indicators.
32. Thermal safety element.
33. Instrument cluster.
34. Select key fuel tank. Applicable only to some vehicles; models 330395, 330365 and 390945 are equipped with a single gasoline tank.
35. Sensor indicating emergency pressure in the lubrication system.
36. Oil pressure measurement sensor (to be displayed with a pressure gauge).
37. Starter circuit control relay.
38. Lamp indicating reverse gear engaged.
39. Brake light limit switch (located near the brake pedal).
40. Connection block for wiring.
41. Pump motor switch for forced circulation coolant through the additional heater.
42. Electric motor to drive the liquid pump.
43. Sensor for signaling that the permissible temperature threshold of the power unit has been exceeded.
44. Measuring element for fuel level in the tank.
45. Sensor for measuring movement speed.
46. Rear combination lamp on the left side.
47. Left headlight.
48. Contact group for controlling hazard warning lights and direction indicators.
49. An end element designed to close the reversing indicator light circuit.
50. Front left lamp, consisting of turn signal lamps and side lamps.
51. Foot switch button for high/low beam headlights.
52. Fuse block.
53. Socket for supplying power to additional electrical equipment.
54. Ignition off.
55. Parking brake lever position indicator button.
56. Left turn signal.
57. Cabin lighting.
58. Interior lighting switch.
59. Passenger compartment interior lighting lamp.
60. Backlight control.

Wiring diagram for UAZ "Loaf" engineer

Additional elements of the “Loaf” electrical system

The following elements can be installed in the “Loaf” cabin:

1. Fuse block.
2. Turn signal control relay.
3. Controller indicator lamps ABS.
4. Turning on the high beams.
5. Low beam control relay.
6. Ensuring intermittent wiper movement.
7. Rear fog lamp controller.
8. Starter circuit control.

Arrangement of elements in the cabin

If ABS is used, the car is equipped with additional block fuses, including:

• protective element of power circuits, designed for a current of 40A (position I);
• 25A wiring protection device (position II).

Location of fusible links of the ABS system

Symbols on the diagram:

1. Block.
2. Direct fuses.

When installing an anti-lock braking system, the following components are included in the electrical circuit:

• hydraulic unit with controller A1;
• sensors for determining the rotation speed of the front and rear wheels— B1/B2 and B3/B4, respectively;
• acceleration sensor B5;
• ABS control LED on the instrument panel, indicating a system malfunction;
• EBD indicator of hydraulic module failure;
• Brake pedal position sensor BLS.

Schematic diagram of ABS on the “Loaf”

The main fuse box used on cars is:

Diagram of the main mounting block

Medical versions of the Loaf are equipped with an extended fuse block for protection additional equipment. There are also cars equipped with heated front seats at the factory. These machines have additional wiring harnesses.

Self-installation electronic ignition on the UAZ was demonstrated by the author of the video, Alexander Grushevsky.

Features of the UAZ 452 electrical circuit

The electrical circuit of the early version of the minibus has its own characteristics related to the purpose of the vehicle. The equipment was supplied to the army and various government agencies. The car could only fall into private hands after being written off. Because of this electrical diagram was extremely simple additional devices were not provided for by the plant (except for ambulances).

Electronic components

The wiring is built according to a single-wire circuit; the car body and the crankcases of the units are used as the negative pole. Operating voltage 12 V, all equipment is designed for use direct current. The battery is located behind the back of the driver's seat and is covered with a standard ebonite cover on top. Removing the battery is only possible after the driver's seat is tilted forward.

The electrical equipment included a G12 DC generator equipped with two current-collecting brushes. The device provided maximum current no more than 20A at an operating voltage of 12-15V. The PP24-G2 regulator was installed separately from the generator, on the wall of the engine compartment.

Due to the low corrosion resistance of the body, it was necessary to regularly inspect the connection points of the negative terminal from the battery. But the connection points of various equipment are also susceptible to destruction. These same problems were inherited by modern “Loaves”.

Engine compartment

Access to the upper part of the power unit for servicing the ignition system is only possible from inside the bus. On top there is a removable metal casing covered with a layer of heat and sound insulating material. There is no separate lampshade for lighting; for carrying out work in dark time Installation of a portable lamp or ceiling lantern is used.

View of the engine after removing the hood

Passive safety

Passive safety at the time of the creation of the minibus was assessed as sufficient. Despite the absence of deformation zones, the driver and front passenger had a good chance of a successful outcome in a frontal accident. But from a modern point of view passive safety completely absent from the car. The increase in travel speeds has led to the fact that when frontal impact the driver and passenger at least receive severe leg fractures.

On latest versions cars produced after 2014 began to use an electronic anti-lock braking system, which improved braking performance. Until this point, the design of the car lacked any electronic means of passive safety.

External optics

Features of external optics:

1. The design of the headlight wiring uses central switch mechanical type, distributing electricity to consumers. The unit is borrowed unchanged from the SUV previous generation GAZ 69.
2. Lighting elements were borrowed from other UAZ and GAZ vehicles. In turn, the equipment is standardized for Soviet-made cars. This ensured the interchangeability of components and simplified machine repairs.
3. The front sidelight with a transparent lens has one double-filament lamp, which is also a turn indicator and a side signal.
4. The back of the minibus has round lights with a red lens. Inside there is a double-filament lamp for the brake signal and turn signal (one filament) and side light(second).
5. There are no side turn signals.

Video

UAZ 452 wiring diagram: features of lighting and ignition system control

The famous “loaf” - the multi-purpose UAZ 452 appeared in the line of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant back in 1965 and remains on the assembly line to this day. Of course, over the years of production, the manufacturer has modernized the car in every possible way - the suspension, engine, and wiring diagram of the UAZ 452 have changed, but in general, the entire design has remained the same.

Electrical wiring of UAZ 452: reliable single-wire circuit

Differences between electrical systems

Modernizations have affected the conditions of car servicing different years release.

Particular difficulties in carrying out routine maintenance the car does not call with your own hands, however electrical systems have differences due to:

1. Modifications of power units;
2. Changes to the instrument panel;
3. Installations of lighting and side lights of a new generation.

Original photo of the 1974 model documentation included with the car

Period from 1965 to 1984

During this period, the automaker equipped its products with electrical components available to the domestic industry. Some of them were known for a long time, others were experimental, evidenced by previous years, and which had to prove their suitability.

Connection diagram for headlights on UAZ 452 first editions

Lighting control

In particular, the controls and a number of main units migrated from its predecessor, the GAZ-69. Thanks to this, the price of the car remained the same.

On models of the first years of production, a foot light switch was installed, which had several operating modes:

1. The first position activated the circuit for switching the low beam headlights and side lights;
2. In the second position, the low and high beam headlight circuit was activated.

For reference: Turning on the headlights (low or high beam) led to the turning off of the front side lights.

Foot switch for headlights and parking lights

The modernized light switch has a different operating algorithm:

1. The first position supplies power only to parking lights;
2. The second position is side lights and low (high) beam headlights.

Caution: This algorithm with non-disabled dimensions - mandatory requirement to undergo maintenance. The factory instructions give recommendations for alteration old scheme, in which it is important not to mix up the contacts of the foot switch.

The most correct option is to replace the old switch with a modern one, which uses only 3 contact groups.

Also, on older versions of the “452” there was no alarm, so in the electrical diagram:

1. An RS-57 breaker relay was installed (mounted in the wiring gap from the “+” terminal of the battery to the direction indicator switch);
2. The middle contact of the relay closed the indicator light on the instrument panel.

Ignition system

Ignition of UAZ 452 model 1968

Also on the “452” contact ignition was installed:

1. The “+” wire from the battery supplied power to the ignition coil;
2. From the reel high voltage wire transmitted the impulse to the breaker (distributor) and further to the spark plugs.

Period from 1985 to 2013

In later modifications, with the advent of injection, some changes were made to the ignition:

1. An additional resistance was installed in the “battery-ignition coil” circuit;
2. A separate wire from the starter was laid to the coil wire connection terminal (past the additional resistance)
3. On later models, the circuit was installed additional relay starter.

Control devices UAZ 452

For reference: UAZ cars have different and control devices. Some machines had an ammeter installed instead of a voltmeter. The UAZ 452 wiring made it possible to connect a voltmeter into the wire gap between the battery and the ignition system.

Conclusions: along with the car, the electrical circuit also changed. This factor should be taken into account when carrying out scheduled repair work in order to eliminate emergency situations.

One of the most common problems domestic cars is a breakdown of any electrical appliances, the electrical diagram will help you figure this out. The only solution to this problem will be to check the condition of the fuses. The topic of today's article will be the electrical circuit of a UAZ Bukhanka car on an injector-type engine.

So, this article provides answers to these fairly common questions:

• What is the electrical circuit on a UAZ Bukhanka car with an injector type engine?
• How does the electrical circuit of the UAZ Bukhanka car work?
• Where are the fuses located on a UAZ Bukhanka car with an injector type engine?
• Repair of the mounting block.

basic information

Fuses in a UAZ Bukhanka car are located in a special mounting block, which in turn is located in the air intake box on the left side of the vehicle. Mounting block includes all the most important sections of electronic circuits, while supplying them with the necessary fuses and relays. The fuse box of the UAZ Bukhanka car consists of two lines with fuses and this entire structure is secured with a nut to the vehicle body. If you decide to remove the fuse lines, you will need to disconnect the battery.

To the main elements electronic circuit relate:

• Accumulator battery;
• Electronic fuel pump;
• Fuel mixture purification filter;
• Injectors;
• Engine control unit;
• Electronic ignition coil;
• Spark plugs;
• Idle speed sensor;
• Crankshaft sensor;
• Air damper sensor;
• Tachometer;
• Fan motor cooling the radiator;
• Control relay electronic motor fan;
• An indicator that monitors engine performance;
• Diagnostic connector.

If there is any breakdown of electronic equipment, there will be an increase in current strength in the node that is responsible for this device, resulting in a short circuit. The wire through which the current passes to the fuse burns out and melts, as a result of which the circuit breaks and the device turns off, but its integrity is maintained. That is, thanks to fuses, the main parts are protected from overheating in the event of a short circuit.

How to properly remove and install the mounting block?

If the electrical circuit is made with high quality, it will greatly facilitate the process of installing and removing electronic equipment. So, the algorithm for removing the mounting block:

1. Disconnect the wiring from the negative terminal of the battery;
2. Open the hood and remove the cover from the fuse and relay box. To do this, you need to press out 4 plastic latches;
3. Slide the rubber cover;
4. Disconnect the upper block of the wiring harness from the block;
5. We unscrew the 2 nuts that secure the block;
6. We take out the block from the compartment, which is located in front of the windshield;
7. We disconnect the lower blocks of the wiring harnesses from the block;
8. Install fuses and relays in reverse order.

The UAZ-452 has received a variety of affectionate nicknames over the years of operation: “Loaf” and “Loaf” - for its external resemblance to a bread brick, “Tablet” - for reliable service in medical organizations. It is noteworthy that its design and individual systems - transmission, body or wiring diagram of the UAZ 452 turned out to be quite durable. Perhaps it was the only car in those years, capable of reaching the most remote places for humanitarian purposes.

Meet UAZ 452

The car was a cargo-passenger version of the vehicle all-terrain with a 4x4 wheel arrangement.

The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant mastered production of the model back in 1965.

You can evaluate its capabilities by watching the following video: The UAZ 452 is capable of transporting cargo weighing up to 700 kg in the back. In addition, it can tow a trailer weighing 850 kg. Vehicle has become very popular not only in conditions Russian off-road , but was also successfully used in major cities

in various qualities (pictured in the article).

1. In particular:
2. Like a traffic police car;
3. As a fire engine;
4. Ambulance car;
5. Grocery store;

Utility vehicle, etc.

Electronic components

The electrical wiring of the UAZ 452 was a simple single-wire circuit.

• Structurally, it had the following solutions: The role of the second wire was played metal body
• and components and assemblies attached to it; All electronic components and actuators

had a “-” displayed on the body. The cost of such a solution justified the imperfection of the scheme.

For reference: The instructions provided for regular checking of contacts. When oxidized, they should have been cleaned with sandpaper.

Power unit

The engine compartment is located directly inside the car, as this is due to its design.

• Access to components and assemblies is also provided from the passenger compartment by removing the cover, which:
• Provided protection for the driver and passengers from the penetration of exhaust gases;
• Protected from dust and dirt;

The previously used engine from Pobeda was replaced with a more modern engine from the 21st Volga. This was facilitated by the launch of a production line at Zavolzhsky motor plant in 1964.

Note! Despite some skepticism regarding the inconvenience of servicing a cabover car with your own hands, years of operation have proven that there are no difficulties.

Passive vehicle safety

The design of the "Baton" with a cabover layout also initially raised a number of questions regarding safety. However, a series of crash tests conducted back in 1971 at the Dmitrov test site proved that in most emergency situations the driver and passengers of the UAZ 452 have a chance to avoid injury.

Features of electrical equipment

For designers more complex process in those years it was difficult to find high-quality components to equip the ignition and lighting systems.

This can be clearly seen from the filling of the cabin:

• vehicle system controls;
• control devices.

External lighting

Everything that could be obtained was used to ensure uninterrupted supplies to the factory conveyor.

The famous “loaf” - the multi-purpose UAZ 452 appeared in the line of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant back in 1965 and remains on the assembly line to this day. Of course, over the years of production, the manufacturer has modernized the car in every possible way - the suspension, engine, and wiring diagram of the UAZ 452 have changed, but in general, the entire design has remained the same.

Modernizations have affected the service conditions of cars of different years of production.

The car does not cause any particular difficulties when carrying out routine maintenance with your own hands, however, the electrical systems have differences, the reasons for which were:

1. Modifications of power units;
2. Changes to the instrument panel;
3. Installations of lighting and side lights of a new generation.

Period from 1965 to 1984

During this period, the automaker equipped its products with electrical components available to the domestic industry. Some of them were known for a long time, others were experimental, as evidenced by videos from previous years, and which had to prove their suitability.

Lighting control

In particular, the controls and a number of main units migrated from its predecessor, the GAZ-69. Thanks to this, the price of the car remained the same.

On models of the first years of production, a foot light switch was installed, which had several operating modes:

1. The first position activated the circuit for switching the low beam headlights and side lights;
2. In the second position, the low and high beam headlight circuit was activated.

For reference: Turning on the headlights (low or high beam) led to the turning off of the front side lights.

The modernized light switch has a different operating algorithm:

1. The first position supplies power to the side lights only;
2. The second position is side lights and low (high) beam headlights.

Caution: This algorithm with non-switchable dimensions is a mandatory requirement for passing MOT. The factory instructions give recommendations for altering the old circuit, in which it is important not to mix up the contacts of the foot switch.

The most correct option is to replace the old switch with a modern one, which uses only 3 contact groups.

Also, on older versions of the “452” there was no alarm, so in the electrical diagram:

1. An RS-57 breaker relay was installed (mounted in the wiring gap from the “+” terminal of the battery to the direction indicator switch);
2. The middle contact of the relay closed the indicator light on the instrument panel.

Ignition system

Also on the “452” contact ignition was installed:

1. The “+” wire from the battery supplied power to the ignition coil;
2. From the coil, the high-voltage wire transmitted the impulse to the breaker (distributor) and further to the spark plugs.