The extrrep should have unsubscribed. Now about the pork.
Well, raised .. Moldians, now cars are 3 times less sold.
Has anyone considered, what proportion of diesel exhausts do in pollution of the atmosphere? It seems that these norms came up with lobbyists or they are simply taken from the lantern. Machines with diesel engines occupy an insignificant part from heavy trucks, which are almost all diesel. But even in gasoline engines, especially trucks and buses, the combustion of fuel often works so that there is nothing to breathe next to them.
cool. To undermine him and sell for expensive)
beautiful car, bought
Without the presence of sufficient grounds directly stipulated only by federal law, the inspector can only check the driver from sending an employee to a tour in Kathmandu !!!
i would be our p. On her traveled
Option number 3 (for auto machines with a manual brake): When a malfunction appears in the working brake system on the go, we carry out all of the above in the first case, + do not dramatically raise the manual brake lever until the sensation of car braking. (in winter on ice it is desirable not to apply or at the discretion of the driver)
The author gathered everything to heap and ... nothing except Eraz and Kolkhid did not say substantially. Two Muscovites were 21412 and 2141-01. After more than 250,000.00 km and sold. Overhaul of the engine is 178,000.00 and 172,000.00 km. There would be similar products now (modern) would take. And Ohma Laughing in a row - sorry ...
Lawyers are still large charlatans than the same sellers of left certificates. The difference is that they intere their money in advance and get their money anyway regardless of the result.
After washing it is easier
.
@ Russian, the wine is excellent, but unfortunately only what remains in Georgia itself, that is, for its own use. For, really high-quality wine of the True Georgian brands there is produced in extremely limited quantities. Well, all that is intended for us, Russians with an average of sufficient is more produced under the brand of Minassali. And after all, it is characteristic of the Georgians themselves, the facts are recognized. Therefore, it is very sad, but in this country is now excellent and only the terry Russophobia is produced efficiently. Sorry...
the authorities in the next shows the Russians that they are slaves of which power will milk to the coffin board, all that will be able to!
New version, this is a new 2.5 or 3 liter diesel, new manual transmission, new transmission ... etc. And the bumper and the staircase on the roof ... This is a light tuning.
Three years - and never "punched" ... a fairy tale!
It was said that the metal at Vesta is good, it seems the opener for canned cans of the wing.
Spark plugs directly affect the performance of the power unit. The flow and power of the internal combustion engine depends on the correct functioning. When replacing, it is necessary to follow security measures. The procedure is carried out on a cold engine.
Duration of replacement of spark plugs
The manufacturer Skoda Fabia states that motor attendants must be changed once every 30 thousand kilometers of run. For Skoda, the following types of candles are suitable:
- VAG 101 905 601 F;
- 5960 NGK ZFR6T-11G.
Location of candles in Skoda Fabia
The engine in Skoda Fabia is located longitudinally. This means that the motor vehicles are located in this way. The engine with a volume of 1.2 l has 3 spark plugs. Each of them has a coil. To understand their wear, you will need to unscrew and measure the gap between the electrodes. If the distance between the electrodes is more than 1.0 is 1.3 mm, then the vehicle is subject to replacement.
The main reasons that may indicate the need to replace the candles:
- Increased fuel consumption;
- Characteristic sound and reduced traction;
- Exhaust gases in the form of smoke.
Detect a malfunction of the spark plugs by their detailed examination. On the case and core are black spots of soot? The reason is low-quality fuel. Solution: It is necessary to change the gas station or the type of fuel. The black color of the car shields can also testify to the combustion chamber of the oil. The reason for entering the lubricant is the failure of the guide valves, piston rings or seals.
Sozh covered electrodes? This carbon nagar. The cylinders hit the fuel and air mixture. It is necessary to check the operability of the carburetor, the purity of the air filter, the operation of the air damper drive.
If oil fell into the cylinders, the formation of oil nagar is possible on the housing, core or electrodes. Cause: Piston rings or valves failed. Oil surface prevents the appearance of spark.
The ignition angle is not adjusted correctly? On the Ignition Candlel, there was a white colors. Such a flare is formed when low-quality fuel gets.
If you detect such symptoms in time, the situation can be corrected.
Preparation for replacement
Before the start of the replacement procedure must be prepared.
Tools for replacing candles in Skoda Fabia 1.4:
- Screwdriver (slotting);
- Candle wrench for 16 mm;
- Long rod;
- New motor shoes.
Safety technique
Basic safety regulations when replacing ignition candles in the power unit Skoda Fabia are as follows:
- The procedure is carried out on a cold engine.
- Disable the minus battery terminal.
- Use special clothes and gloves.
Candle replacement process
Step-by-step instruction for replacing spark plugs on Fabia Skoda:
- Open hood.
- Remove the decorative engine cover.
- The coil view opens. Raise, sweep the chips of contacts from the coils. To dismantle coils to use a slotted screwdriver.
- Pull the coil.
- Unscrew the candles. Use a 16 mm key.
- Install new motor vehicles. Collect in reverse order.
- Place the decorative cover of the power unit. Connect the minus battery terminal.
The process of replacing the spark plugs in Skoda Fabia is completed. The engine must return to the standard mode of operation.
The ignition candle in the car is used to ignite the gasoline-air mixture, due to the heat released during the combustion of the fuel, the operating cycle occurs in the cylinders, and in this principle, any automotive gasoline engine works.
How modern motors work
Modern motors operate on gasoline fuel with a high octane number, which means that when the gasoline is combustion, more energy is distinguished, the temperature in the combustion chamber with high-quality fuel is higher than with low-octane.
From all of the above, it follows the conclusion to the Ignition Candles of modern cars are provided with harsh requirements, as they work in a high temperature mode under heavy load.
The better the quality of these parts, the less often the ignition replacement is required.
For each particular engine brand, their candles are being developed with certain parameters, and versatility, as such, here is present only conditionally.
Device
Despite the variety of spark plugs (SZ) in the automotive market, all of them are practically the same, and any of the candles consists of the following components:
- Central electrode;
- Side electrode;
- Ceramic insulator;
- Metal enclosure with thread and edges for turning the key.
On the metal case, the candle has a seal in the form of a soft metal washer, and at the end of the central electrode, the contact nagayka is installed on which the tip of the high-voltage wire or the coil is put on, if there are no high-voltage wires in the ignition system.
Types of candles
Contemporary SZ can have a different number of electrodes - in standard candles manufactured by the industry, the side electrode is most often only one.
For better sparking and better combustion of the fuel mixture, candles with two, three and four side electrodes are used.
Multielectrode SZ is most often installed on complex engines with lots of cylinders and a high degree of compression.
SZ can have their own design features and among themselves to vary:
- diameter and thread pitch;
- threaded length;
- sizes of turnkey faces for candle turning;
- materials of electrodes (platinum, iridium, copper);
- protrusion of the central electrode;
- common sizes (there are short and long candles).
The central electrode protruding over the insulator ensures the stability of the engine - the candles with such electrodes are not cooled and longer remain clean and warm on small motor revolutions, besides, they do not overheat with an increase in the load.
There is a special type of candles for racing cars that have no side electrodes, and its role is performed by the body with carvings.
Due to the fact that the sports car has a very small combustion chamber, there is no place for the side electrode, it is for this reason that the design has such a form.
According to the material of the SZ electrodes, there are most often copper (chromonichel), and platinum.
The use of precious materials provides details for a longer service life, in addition, the central electrode here is thinner than usual.
The thin electrode helps to reduce the voltage in the ignition system, and at high temperatures, the candle works more productively, with a better return.
Replacing spark plugs
For each car model, the manufacturer provides a certain period of which, after which the ignition candle is replaced.
The regulations must be followed when maintenance, additionally, this details are checked.
When should I change the candles?
But now there are a lot of different manufacturers on the market, therefore the resource in the details of the details are different, and the details can serve from 20 and to 100 thousand km.
SZ are subject to replacement in the following cases:
- the engine has become, one or more cylinders does not work;
- side electrode burned out or became the thinner of the usual;
- the insulator breaks into the central electrode (in some cases, the breakdown is visible in the dark with the engine running);
- blackened the insulator at the base with the metal body of the candle;
- SZ developed its own resource.
The state of spark plugs can say much.
The work on replacing the candle is easy to perform, and many car owners perform such an operation independently.
It should be noted that there are engines where it is difficult to get to the SZ, and in such cases the owners of the car prefer to trust the work of specialized car services.
There are also motorists who believe that any automotive repair must perform masters of their business, besides, the price of replacing the spark plugs is usually small.
Replacing the spark plugs on the example of Skoda cars
Nuances replacement of spark plugs on Skoda engines.
On gasoline engines of 1.6 liters of Skoda Octavia or Skoda Fabia, the frequency of replacement of spark plugs is on average every 45 tons. Km
Candles with electrodes from precious metals "go" longer, for example, iridium can serve 90-100 tons. Km
Replacing the ignition candles from the "Skoda" - the procedure is not easy, and some wizards to get to the candles, remove the intake manifold.
But it is not necessary to do this, if there is a necessary tool and with a certain skill, the replacement of SZ on SKODA with the engine of the BFQ model (BSE) can be made as follows:
After the work done, we set the highest-voltage wires of the first and second cylinder.
The first tip is put by hand, to install the second one should use the rounds, and you need to try to insert the tip as close as possible, pressing it to the place.
The most complex is the replacement of the spark plug of the Skoda Octavia with a 1.6 liter motor on the third cylinder.
First of all, it is difficult to remove the tip - you can try it to move it away from the block of the block from below the long screwdriver while leaking it between the tip metal screen and the GBC.
After the tip roll over from the spot, take it out through the top and take the side.
In order to unscrew the candle on the third cylinder, the candle wrench we start from the right side, and whether the candle falls into the hole in the block head, we look at the bottom under the collector.
We unscrew the SZ just as on the second cylinder, we take a new candle and install it in place.
On the fourth cylinder, the tip is drawn with the help of pliers (round-rolls), and it is easier to get to the SZ here than on the second or third cylinder.
