List of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. How to eliminate play in the steering Total play in the steering traffic regulations

Backlash is a term in mechanics that implies the presence of free play in an element mechanical system. It is a parameter by which one can judge the amount of movement of the node mentioned above to obtain a response from another - the controlled node.

In other words, the amount of backlash is characterized as the amount of rotation or displacement of the controlled element, which does not lead to any changes in the object.

In relation to a car, and is the angle of rotation of the steering wheel at which the car continues to move in the same direction.

What is meant by total steering wheel play?

Another term that requires consideration is “total backlash”. It refers to the total angle, which starts from the extreme position of the steering wheel on one side when turning begins, to the opposite position when the car starts moving in the other direction.

To understand the principles of operation of the total backlash, it is important to understand the design and operating features of the control system. Based on the technical component, the operating principle of the backlash is as follows.

There is a rod in the transmission of steering rods, which is fixed with a small gap of one or two millimeters.

This distance is necessary to protect the steering system linkages from wear due to excessive friction.

The presence of a gap is a technological solution that allows you to keep the hook in the required position and not touch the surface of the teeth.

For the driver, this parameter represents freewheel steering wheel, allowing you to get more precise control of the car and feel at what moment the direction of movement of the vehicle changes.

Essentially this is full distance, which the steering wheel passes before the car goes to the left or right side.

Many people mistakenly consider this phenomenon negative and try to get rid of it. You should not do this, because play in the steering is the norm for every car. Another thing is that it must have a strictly defined value.

An interesting pattern can be traced here - the larger the dimensions of the car, the higher the backlash indicator.

In the process of measuring the total backlash, a number of conditions must be met:

The front wheels are located in a neutral position and stand on a hard (asphalt or concrete) surface.
The steering wheel tires are dry and clean.
The car engine is started. This is relevant if the operation of the power steering is tested.
Tension drive belt power steering pump, as well as the level working fluid must meet the requirements approved by the manufacturer.

The total play is checked by measuring the angle of rotation of the control wheel between the fixed positions for changing movement to the left and right.

To obtain accurate parameters, measurements are made two or more times.

What is the beginning of a steering wheel turn?

In addition to what was discussed above, there is another term that you need to know about - the beginning of a turn. steered wheel.

This parameter hides the angle of rotation of the wheel by 0.06 degrees with an error of 0.01 degrees in one direction or the other.

The parameter is measured when pushing away from the position of linear motion.

Permissible backlash in cars

The traffic regulations specify normalized indicators of the total backlash for various cars. In addition, this parameter should not exceed the figures specified in the documentation for the operation of the machine.

If there are no special recommendations in the manufacturer’s papers, the backlash should be as follows:

For passenger cars, as well as bus and truck components made on their basis - 10;
For buses - 20;
For trucks -25.

For VAZ-2106, 2107, 2110, 21213 - 5;
For Gazelle 3302 - 20 (passenger version) and 25 (truck).

Reasons for large backlash

An explanation for the increase in play may be changes in design features steering, as well as destruction of their elements.

The main reasons include:

Generally speaking, play occurs when there is a fault in the chain between the steering wheel and the wheels.

To find out the reason, you need to go through the entire chain and identify the “weak” points. The main thing is to make sure that we are talking about increased free play, and not about other problems.

Other causes of play in the steering include:

Wear or incorrect adjustment engagement of the “worm” and the roller mechanism.
Worn swing arm axle or bushings.
Loose crankcase fasteners.

Signs of breakdown

As noted above, in order to effectively eliminate a malfunction, it must be diagnosed in a timely manner. To do this, it is enough to know the signs of play in the steering.

The main symptoms include:

The appearance of a knock in the steering mechanism;
Increased vibrations while driving;
Creaking when turning wheels;
Deviation from a given trajectory when the steering wheel is in a straight position.

When adjusting the steering play, you should take into account the manufacturer's recommendations and traffic rules.

The configured parameter should not exceed the upper limit, but you should not underestimate the indicator either.

Too little steering wheel play can lead to additional discomfort and poor vehicle controllability.

At the same time, you should not ignore the appearance of a small backlash, because over time this parameter may increase, and then it will be more difficult to deal with the problem.

And it’s inconvenient to drive a car when you constantly have to “catch the road” and turn the steering wheel in one direction or the other.

Diagnosis of the problem and instruments used

To determine whether the parameter corresponds to the norm, you need to do a small check.

To make sure there is a problem, you can use a special device - a backlash meter.

With its help you can check the total (total) play in the system.

One of the device options is K 524 M or ISL-M, which can be used ordinary car owners and professionals at the service station.

Using a backlash meter, it is possible to determine the amount of free play in just three minutes, including taking into account installation and removal of the device.

The algorithm for diagnosing steering play is as follows:

Start the engine (it should be running at Idling);
Place the front wheels parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine. At the same time, make sure that the hydraulic booster is working;
Turn the steering wheel one way and then the other. At this moment, record the moments when the front wheels begin to scroll in the required direction. The distance that travels steering wheel between these intervals is called backlash (free play).

Such a check is considered excellent option for drivers who need accurate and fast information.

It does not matter how the problem was diagnosed. If the steering play exceeds the norm, it must be eliminated.

How to troubleshoot: basic methods

To adjust steering, you will need a standard set of tools to configure the mount.

If manual measurement or the K 524 M device shows an unsuitable result, you should do the following:

Try adjusting the screws that reinforce universal joints. These elements can be found on the steering shaft.
Using the hinge adjusting screw, set required parameter.
Check the amount of play. If the free play remains above normal, it is necessary to look for another reason.
Tighten the adjusting nut on the steering rack (if equipped), this will eliminate the gaps between the toothed bar and the drive gear, which may be the cause of the play.

The next step in the adjustment may be to adjust the tie rod joints.

It is more difficult to do this in a garage, because to complete the work you will need an overpass, inspection hole or a lift.

You will most likely see that the hinges are damaged, which indicates that the screws need to be tightened. In addition, it is worth stretching the steering rods.

If it is not possible to eliminate the backlash using the methods described above, there is only one solution left - to disassemble the steering mechanism and replace the failed parts.

If you do not have the necessary experience and knowledge, you can contact experienced specialists at a service station.

This List identifies malfunctions of cars, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors, and others self-propelled vehicles and the conditions under which their use is prohibited. Methods for checking the given parameters are regulated by GOST R 51709-2001 "Motor vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods."

1. Brake systems

1.1. The standards for braking efficiency of the service brake system do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

1.2. The seal of the hydraulic brake drive is broken.

1.3. Violation of the tightness of pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives causes a drop in air pressure when engine not running by 0.05 MPa or more in 15 minutes after they are fully activated. A leak compressed air from wheel brake chambers.

1.4. The pressure gauge of the pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drives does not work.

1.5. The parking brake system does not ensure a stationary state:

Vehicle with full load - on a slope of up to 16 percent inclusive;
passenger cars and buses in running order - on a slope of up to 23 percent inclusive;
trucks and road trains in equipped condition - on a slope of up to 31 percent inclusive.

2. Steering

2.1. Total backlash in the steering system exceeds the following values:

where, Backlash - Total backlash no more than (degrees).

2.2. There are movements of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design. Threaded connections not tightened or secured in an established manner. The steering column position locking device is inoperative.

2.3. The power steering or steering damper provided by the design is faulty or missing (for motorcycles).

3. External lighting devices

3.1. The number, type, color, location and operating mode of external lighting devices do not meet the requirements of the vehicle design.

Note. On discontinued vehicles, it is permitted to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other makes and models.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

3.3. Do not operate in the prescribed mode or the external lighting devices and reflectors.

3.4. Light fixtures do not have lenses or use lenses and lamps that do not match the type of light fixture.

3.5. Installation of flashing beacons, methods of their attachment and visibility light signal do not meet the established requirements.

3.6. The vehicle is equipped with:

in front - lighting devices with lights of any color other than white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective devices of any color other than white;
rear lights reverse and government coverage registration plate with lights of any color other than white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color other than red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color other than red.

Note. The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification marks installed on vehicles.

4. Windshield wipers and washers

4.1. Windshield wipers do not work in the set mode.

4.2. The windshield washers designed for the vehicle do not work.

5. Wheels and tires

5.1. Residual depth tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:

for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.

Remaining tread depth winter tires, intended for operation on icy or snowy road surface, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with the signs “M+S”, “M&S”, “M S” (in the absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified surface is no more than 4 mm .

Note. The designation of the vehicle category in this paragraph is established in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of wheeled vehicles", taken by decision Commission of the Customs Union of December 9, 2011 N 877.

5.2. Tires have external damage(breakdowns, cuts, breaks), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the frame, peeling of the tread and sidewall.

5.3. The fastening bolt (nut) is missing or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible irregularities in the shape and size of the mounting holes.

5.4. Tires by size or permissible load do not match the vehicle model.

5.5. Tires are installed on one axle of the vehicle various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, tube, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and refurbished, new and with an in-depth tread pattern. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.

6. Engine

6.2. The tightness of the power supply system is broken.

6.3. The exhaust system is faulty.

6.4. The seal of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

6.5. Acceptable level external noise exceeds the values established by GOST R 52231-2004.

7. Other structural elements

7.1. The number, location and class of rear-view mirrors do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001; there is no glass required by the design of the vehicle.

7.2. The sound signal does not work.

7.3. Additional objects have been installed or coatings have been applied that limit visibility from the driver's seat.

Note. Transparent colored films can be attached to the top of the windshield of cars and buses. It is allowed to use tinted glass (except for mirror glass), the light transmission of which complies with GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on the windows of tourist buses, as well as blinds and curtains on rear windows passenger cars with external rear-view mirrors on both sides.

7.4. The design locks of the body or cabin doors and side locks do not work cargo platform, tank neck locks and fuel tank caps, a mechanism for adjusting the position of the driver's seat, an emergency door switch and a signal for requesting a stop on the bus, interior lighting devices for the bus interior, emergency exits and devices for actuating them, a door control drive, a speedometer, a tachograph, anti-theft devices, glass heating and blowing devices.

7.5. There are no rear protective devices, mudguards or mudguards provided for by the design.

7.6. The towing coupling and support coupling devices of the tractor and trailer link are faulty, and the safety cables (chains) provided for by their design are missing or faulty.

Allowable play in the steering wheel and how to avoid getting scammed by the traffic police.

There are gaps in the connections between the motorcycle frame and the side trailer frame.

7.7. Missing:

by bus, car and truck, wheeled tractors- first aid kit, fire extinguisher, sign emergency stop according to GOST R 41.27-2001;
on trucks with a permit maximum weight over 3.5 tons and buses with a permissible maximum weight over 5 tons - wheel chocks(must be at least two);
on a motorcycle with a side trailer - a first aid kit, an emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST R 41.27-2001.

7.8. Illegal equipping of vehicles with an identification sign " federal Service security Russian Federation", flashing beacons and (or) special sound signals, or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special color schemes, inscriptions and designations that do not comply state standards Russian Federation.

7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) seat head restraints, if their installation is provided for by the design of the vehicle or the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation and Responsibilities officials on security traffic.

7.10. Seat belts are inoperative or have visible tears in the webbing.

7.11. The spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel lifting/lowering mechanism do not work. The ratcheting device of the winch does not fix the drum with the fastening rope.

7.12. The semi-trailer has a missing or faulty support device or clamps transport position supports, mechanisms for raising and lowering supports.

7.13. The tightness of the seals and connections of the engine, gearbox, final drives, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and additional hydraulic devices installed on the vehicle.

7.14. Technical specifications, indicated on the outer surface gas cylinders cars and buses equipped gas system nutrition, do not correspond to the data technical passport, there are no dates for the last and planned survey.

7.15. The state registration plate of the vehicle or the method of its installation does not comply with GOST R 50577-93.

7.15(1). There are no identification marks that must be installed in accordance with paragraph 8 of the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 N 1090 "On the Rules traffic."

7.16. Motorcycles do not have safety arches provided by design.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no footrests or cross handles for passengers on the saddle provided by the design.

7.18. Changes have been made to the design of the vehicle without permission from the State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Steering play measurement

Since the beginning of 2015, car owners have noticed increased attention from traffic police inspectors to steering play in trucks. Already in January, roadside checks with the help of mobile laboratories and specialized equipment increased significantly.

Technically, it looks like this: one measuring unit is mounted on the steering wheel using a rigid grip, and the other part of the device estimates the angle of movement of the wheel. The operating principle of such a system is based on simultaneous measurement of the angle of rotation of the steering wheel in the driver's cabin and the steering wheels using gyroscopic sensors.

What vehicle malfunctions prohibit its operation?

This allows you to evaluate the vehicle's steering play over the entire turning radius and in both directions of movement (left and right). As a rule, the ISL-M system or its direct analogues are used to conduct research. The same equipment for measuring steering system play is also used during technical inspections at car repair shops and service stations.

On this moment There is no consensus regarding the legality of such verification and the legal aspects of this practice. It is assumed that the measurement of the steering system play has already been made during the last current technical inspection, and a note about this has been placed in diagnostic card(Clause 2.1 of the Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation dated December 6, 2011).

In addition, the owners truck transport are required to check the technical condition of vehicles themselves. However, in practice it more often concerns environmental indicators - toxicity exhaust gases and engine smoke during operation.

How to protect the driver's rights when checking steering play on the road? Here are some simple recommendations for truck drivers in this case:

Like anyone else measuring device When used in vehicle inspections, steering play evaluation equipment must undergo regular metrological testing. The frequency of such verification for of this type devices is 1 year. Thus, before going through the procedure, it is reasonable to request from the traffic police inspectors a certificate of the latest metrological verification and check the serial number of the device with the one indicated in the document.
The procedure for measuring steering play must comply with the operating rules of the device. You can familiarize yourself with it in advance.

Return to list

Each of us knows the mocking phrase that the brakes were invented by cowards. However, many of the brave souls who did not use brakes or operated the car without them are no longer able to read these lines... Yes, this is such a somewhat unequivocal and black humor.
However, any sane person will never doubt the opposite, that it is not worth driving onto the road without brakes. Even when carrying out maintenance on the brakes, drivers are asked strictly. Separately for the hydraulic brake system and the parking brake. Well, we already talked about the parking brake in one of our articles. But about the malfunction hydraulic system and we’ll talk about what fine the driver will face if it malfunctions!

Traffic regulations on the serviceability of brakes before entering the road

Before you reprimand the violators, you need to decide who they are. That is, to argue that they are. And since the “bible” for any car enthusiast is traffic rules, let’s start by studying them. They say

2.3. The driver of the vehicle is obliged to:
2.3.1. Before leaving, check and ensure the good technical condition of the vehicle on the way in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety
Driving is prohibited if there is a malfunction of the service brake system, steering, coupling device (as part of a road train), unlit (missing) headlights and rear side lights V dark time days or in conditions insufficient visibility, the driver's side windshield wiper does not operate during rain or snowfall.

In principle, if you have read everything that is written in the traffic rules (above), then it becomes clear.

That you can’t drive with faulty brakes! And if they break down on the road, then movement will be prohibited.

What brake malfunctions require a vehicle ban?

Here it is worth turning to the mentioned Basic Provisions, or rather to the application for them. In essence, this is a list of malfunctions in which operation is prohibited

GOST requirements are checked for maintenance; doing this yourself will be quite problematic. Basically it is the relationship between pedal effort and brake response. That is, some kind of check of the effectiveness of the braking system.
What about leaks, omissions, faulty control devices, then it is not difficult for the driver himself to control it.
Of course for any traffic violation has its own article of the Code of Administrative Offenses Russian Federation, which prescribes punishment for actions related to traffic violations.

What article regulates the fine for the braking system?

For the braking system, a fairly common article of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation is used, namely 12.5. However, if for most cases this is part 1, then for the braking system they even allocated a special part, namely 2.

There is a very interesting word here - KNOWNLY. That is, if the driver drove, drove, and everything was fine. And then suddenly it broke down, and he was not aware until the very end, until the inspector himself stopped him and discovered the malfunction together with the driver, then it seemed like there was no violation. But who will believe in such a coincidence...
In general, we can say that it is practically impossible to get behind the wheel of a car and not understand that there was a malfunction in the brake system. This means that the trip was obviously faulty braking system.
So, the fine here is, in principle, not large, minimal. However, this is not the worst thing that can threaten.

Car detention for faulty brakes

Part 2 of Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the detention of a car, on the basis of Article 27.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Let's quote a piece:

That is, the car will simply be taken to the impound lot and from there they will either leave after repairs or on a tow truck. In addition, in most cases, an additional fee is charged for guarded parking lots, that is, the amount for keeping the car in such a parking lot will have to be added to the fine. In general, hassle and wasted money in this case there will be much more than just the minimum fine.

Is it possible to pay a fine for a brake system with a discount?

In 2016, Article 32.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation was supplemented with a clause on the possibility of paying a fine at a discount. This does not apply to all articles, but article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Allows the use of concessions from Article 32.2. Simply put, it is possible to pay the fine for brakes at a discount. The main thing here is to pay the fine within 20 days from the date of the decision.

Questions and answers on the topic “Fine for a faulty brake system”

Question: What is the penalty for faulty brakes?
Answer: 500 rubles. In this case, if the fault concerns the brake hydraulic system, the vehicle will be detained. For faults hand brake does not apply.

Comments on paragraph 2.1

If you stand near one of the front wheels of your car and ask someone to turn the steering wheel back and forth at a small angle, you will be “horrified” to see that the wheels are standing still.

Don't be alarmed, this is normal. Before the wheels begin to turn, all gaps in the steering mechanism and in the steering linkage joints are selected. This is play, that is, free movement of the steering wheel without turning the front wheels. Only any play should be within normal limits.

If the total steering play exceeds 10°, then operation of the vehicle is prohibited, since movement along a given trajectory becomes very problematic, and in conditions of heavy traffic it is simply impossible. The car begins to “scour” along the road with large movements in the lateral direction, which can lead to unplanned contacts with other road users.

When driving outside the city high speed the effect of the car's yaw on the road usually intensifies and, in the end, the driver simply loses control over the behavior of the car. In addition, increased steering play requires constant correction of the direction of movement of the car, as a result of which the driver becomes very tired, which cannot but affect overall road safety.

2.1. The total play in the steering exceeds the following values:

Passenger cars and trucks and buses based on them - 10°
Buses - 20°
Trucks - 25°

2.2. There are movements of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design. Threaded connections are not tightened or secured in the correct manner. The steering column position locking device is inoperative.