The automatic transmission is a device that allows you to independently, that is, without direct participation of the driver, choose one or another transmission to move. We will try to tell everything about automatic transmission, ranging from the history of development, ending with how to use the automatic transmission.

How did the machine gun appeared

A modern automatic transmission appeared due to three directions in the mechanics that were developed independently of each other and in the consequence became a single node that allows you to enable transmissions automatically, depending on the speed of the vehicle.

The first development in this direction was the emergence of a planetary transmission, which became the main mechanism car Ford T. At first at the beginning of the 20th century. The essence of this device was to ensure that the transmissions are turned on smoothly with two pedals. One of them worked for an increase and decrease in gears, and the other activated the rear transmission. In those days it was a really novelty, because then in the transmissions of cars, synchronizers still did not apply that ensure the smoothness of the inclusion.

The second direction was the appearance in the 1930s of the last century the first semi-automatic transmission when the planetary mechanism began to control the hydromefta. At the same time, the use of clutch in the car has not been canceled. This invention belongs to the well-known company General Motors.

Well, the last invention, it became application Hydromefta In this type of transmission, which reduced the appearance of jerks. In addition, this time, in addition to 2-steps, an overdrive was introduced for the first time - an increase in the transmission, while the gear ratio did not exceed the unit.

Chrysler, who in the 1930s introduced this innovation, presented a new type of transmission as a semi-automatic, although it is currently considered mechanical.

Ultimately, the automatic transmission, in the form she used to see, appeared in the 1940s and its creator became the company General Motors. In the same period, the company abandoned the use of hydromefta and began to use a special torque converter, which eliminated the possibility of slipping the element. Later, the standard was introduced, which implied five positions of the selector to the automatic transmission: "D", "L", "N", "R" and "P".

Device and principle of operation of automatic transmission

The design of the automatic box includes the following items:

1. Hydrotransformer - Plays the role of clutch and ensures the smoothness of the operation of the mechanism. The main function of the hydrotransformer is considered to be a smooth transmission of torque from the flywheel to the automatic transmission.
2. Planetary type gearboxes - Sequential torque transmission.
3. Clutches of friction type. In a different way, they are called "packages". Provide gear shift. Provide communication between gear mechanisms and tear it.
4. Overtaking coupling. Plays the role of the synchronizer and reduces the load arising from contacting "packages". In addition, in some designs, the automatic transmission is eliminated by braking by the engine, leaving in the work of increased transmission.
5. Shafts and drums To connect all parts of the box.

Regardless of the design of the automatic transmission, the transmissions switch over the same principle. All switching is carried out by moving the oil inside the automatic transmission, by incorporating those or other spools. Control of spools can be of two types: electrical or hydraulic.

Hydraulic drive uses oil pressure generated using a centrifugal regulator, which is connected to the gearbox. In addition, the pressure is created at the moment when the driver presses the gas pedal. Thus, the automation receives information about the position of the accelerator and performs the necessary switching of spools.

In electrical drive, solenoids are used, which are installed in spools and are connected to the automatic transmission unit. In most cases, this unit has a close relationship with. It turns out that switching gear will be carried out depending on the position of the throttle, the gas pedal, vehicle speed and many other parameters.

How to use the automatic transmission + video

Without a doubt, the automatic transmission provides convenience of driving, although many drivers still prefer the mechanical box, feeling the car and completely controlling the transmission. Despite this, there is still a big percentage of those who really love ACP.

If you just plan to master a new type of transmission, then you need to consider several nuances that will protect you from the premature breakdown of the node, because the planetary transmissions are very sensitive to mechanical overloads.

There are several positions of the selector:

• "N" - neutral gearbut. It does not need comment, this is the same as in an ordinary manual box.
• "P" - "Parking". This position allows you to block drive wheels and eliminate the possibility of a car's skate when parking.
• « D "- used to move the car forward. In fact, is the main position of the selector, which is responsible for all automatic switching.
• "L" - lower transmission. It is an analogue of the first transmission of mechanical gearbox. It is intended to overcome the portions of the road where the movement at high speed is unacceptable.
• « R »- rear. Used to move the car back.

Having understood with the position of the selector, it is time to learn how to use them correctly. First of all, the launch of the motor is assumed under the positions "P" or "N" and with a completely squeezed brake pedal. To switch to the "D" position, you must, not releasing the brakes, remove the leg from the gas and click on the button lock the selector, translate it and start moving.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that with any change of the position of the selector, in no case cannot be pressed on the gas pedal.

Several important points:

For automatic transmission, it is unacceptable for the "Rash" method when overcoming the snow barrier. This is due to the fact that to translate the selector from the position "D" in "R" must be completely stopped the car. Otherwise, you can simply bring the entire transmission mechanism.

1. You can only move in winter on good winter tires With a fairly large pattern of tread. At the same time, you need to establish a selector to the position "W" or "1", "2", "3". This is due to the fact that when the wheels hit the ice, the automation "thinks" that the car is not loaded and accelerates, which naturally leads to switching transmission. Thus, it turns out a sharp drift of the car.
2. and recommended only on the tow truck or method of partial loading of drive wheels. The fact is that the oil pump of the box is driven by MOC, and when it is turned off, the oil supply is turned off, which corresponds to the wear of the box mechanisms. Nevertheless, the developer has taken into account this factor, leaving several tug rules. For example, the speed should not exceed 40 km / h (although exceptions are also possible), the box must be filled with oil not as usual, but to the throat itself and the maximum towing distance should not exceed 30 km. At the same time, it is necessary to stop and give time a cooling mechanism, since it overheats very much at these moments. Many models with automatic transmission can not be towed, for example, all-wheel drive. Although you can disconnect the cardan and immerse the front wheels.
3. Automatic transmission not for extreme driving And in no case will not fail to fulfill such tricks as pressing gas and brake pedals at the same time. All this will lead to overheating and the subsequent breakdown of the node.

That's all you need to know about the automatic transmission.

The automatic transmission is a device that provides a selection of a gear ratio in accordance with the terms of the road surface, terrain and speed without direct participation of the driver. In a car equipped with automatic transmission, an accelerator (gas pedal) sets the speed with which the car moves, and does not determine the engine speed - this is the principle of operation of automatic transmission.

History suggests that the automatic transmission was invented somewhere in the thirties in the twentieth century. From the very appearance of such a transmission, the principle of operation of the automatic transmission has practically not changed, but depending on the time and certain technical requirements constantly complemented. Thanks to such additions, the automatic transmissions that differ in their options, models appeared. Different producers, they have various specifications.

With distinctive characteristics, all automatic transmission remains one principle of operation. This is determined by the fact that they have a practically the same device, if not to take into account some small nuances.

Automatic gearbox device

Device automatic transmission

• The main is a hydrotransformer, which is also called hydromefta - this is a mechanism located between the engine engine and the gearbox housing. The functional task of the hydromefta is the transmission and redistribution of torque during the start of the car;
• Torque is transmitted indirectly using planetary gearboxes;
• For choosing one or another transmission, friction clutches correspond, often called "package";
• One of the mechanisms is the overtaking coupling, which basically performs a function of reduction in "packages" of shocks during shift. In some cases, during the operation of the automatic transmission, the overtaking coupling turns off the braking with the engine;
• The box of the box also includes drums and connecting shafts;

The principle for which the automatic transmission works

To control the automatic transmission, there is a special set of so-called spools that guide the oil under a certain pressure to the pistons located in friction clutches and brake ribbons. It is possible to set the position of spools in automatic or manual mode using the gear shift handle.

You also need to know that automation, control automatic transmission, can be hydraulic and electronic. Hydraulic is called automation using the oil pressure obtained from the centrifugal regulator. In turn, the centrifugal regulator is connected to the automatic transmission shaft, which is located at the output. The hydraulic system is designed to use oil pressure in accordance with the position of the accelerator. Machine is given information about the position in which the gas pedal is located - this is a team so that the spools switched.

Diagram automatic transmission

The electronic control system contains solenoids that are responsible for moving spools. The solenoid automatic control unit is connected by cables, there are also options for their connection with the control of the ignition system and fuel injection. In this case, the movement of solenoids controls the electronic control unit. The block controls the solenoids, depending on the position of the gear shift handle, the velocity on which the car and the position of the accelerator moves.

Features of using automatic transmission

In order to avoid various breakdowns and troubles, you need to know how the automatic box works and how to use it. Cars equipped with a machine gun are very practical and convenient vehicles. Even despite the fact that many motorists are skeptical about such transmissions, they are very popular. Usually it all depends on what a person is used to. If the driver loves the dynamics, speed, then the automatic transmission is not an option for it. Having considered the device, specifications and how the automatic transmission works, it becomes clear that it is intended for people who prefer a calmer ride manner.

The torque converter performs the functions of a smooth connection of the box to the engine

In any case, before starting to master the car with a machine, you need to explore all the nuances and the rules for using such a transmission. It is important to understand that neglected by some features, you can withdraw the automatic transmission for a short time. You also need to know that the repair or replacement of the entire automatic box will cost a round sum.

Rules of operation of automatic

Even if the entire transmission is controlled by electronics, from the driver you need to follow certain rules for controlling it using the gear gear selector handle:

Appeared in the 1940s. As you know, the presence of an automatic transmission significantly facilitates the process of operation of the vehicle, also reduces the load on the driver, safety increases, etc.

Note that under the "classic" automatic box should be understood as a hydromechanical transmission (hydromechanical machine). Next, we will look at the box of the box - automatic, structural features, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the PPC of this type.

Read in this article

Car with automatic transmission: advantages and disadvantages

Let's start with the advantages. Installing an automatic transmission allows the driver during a ride not to use the gear lever, the foot is not involved for a permanent clutch pressing when switching to an increased or reduced stage.

In other words, the change in speed occurs automatically, that is, the box itself takes into account the load on, the speed of movement of the vehicle, the position of the gas pedal, the desire of the driver himself sharply accelerate or move smoothly, etc.

As a result, the comfort of driving the car with automatic transmission increases significantly, the transmissions switch automatically, gently and smoothly, the engine, the elements of the transmission and the chassis are protected from heavy loads. Moreover, many automatic boxes provide for the possibility of not only automatic, but also manually shifting gear.

As for the minuses, they are also available. First of all, constructively automatic automatic transmission is a complex and expensive unit, differs by reduced maintainability and resource compared to. The car with this type of gearboxes consumes more fuel, the automatic box gives less on the wheels, since the CPD of the box automatic is slightly reduced.

Also, the presence in the car automatic transmission imposes on the driver certain limitations. For example, the automatic box must be warmed before the trip, it is advisable to avoid constant sharp starts and too intense braking.

On the machine with an automatic box, it is impossible to bounce, it is not allowed to tug a car with a box of a machine at high speed over long distances without hanging the driving wheels, etc. We also add that such a box is more difficult and more expensive.

Box automatic: device

So, even taking into account certain shortcomings, the automatic hydromechanical box for a number of reasons has remained the most common solution for changing torque among other types of automatic transmissions.

First of all, even taking into account the fact that the resource and productivity of such boxes is lower than that of the "mechanics", the hydromechanical transmission is quite reliable and durable. Now let's look at the automatic transmission device.

The automatic transmission consists of the following basic elements:

• Hydrotransformer. The device performs a clutch function by analogy with the manual transmission, however, the driver's participation is required to transition to one transmission;
• The planetary series, which is similar to the gear unit in manual "mechanics" and allows you to change the transfer ratio during transmissions;
  Brake tape and friction (front, rear friction) allow smoothly and timely switching transmissions;
• Office automatic transmission. This node includes the oil collector (pallet of the box), a gear pump, as well as a valve box;

Control automatic control is performed using a selector. As a rule, the automatic transmission has the following main modes:

• R - Parking mode;
• R - Movement with reversal;
• N mode n-substial transmission;
• Mode D-forward with automatic gear shift;

Other modes can also be available. For example, L2 mode means that there will be only the first and second transmission when moving forward, L1 mode indicates only the first transmission mode, s mode should be understood as a sporty, there can be various "winter" modes, etc.

Additionally, imitation of manual automatic transmission can be implemented, that is, the driver can increase or lower the transmissions on its own (manually). We also add that the automatic box also often has a Kick-Down mode (kick-down), which allows the car sharply accelerate with such a need.

The "kick-down" mode is triggered when the driver presses sharply on gas, after which the box quickly goes to reduced transmissions, thereby allowing to unwind the engine to high revs.

As can be seen, the box - the machine actually consists of a torque converter, a manual transmission, as well as control systems, which in the aggregate and forms a hydromechanical box. Let's look at its device.

Principle of operation and construction of the hydrotransformer

The torque converter is necessary in order to transmit and change the torque from the engine to the box. Also, the torque converter reduces vibrations. The device of the hydrotransformer assumes the presence of a pumping, turbine and reactor wheel.

Also in the torque converter there is a blocking clutch and a clutch of the free stroke. The hydrotransformer (GDT, often in everyday life is called "Bublik") is part of the automatic transmission, but it has a separate case from a durable material filled with working fluid.

The pumping wheel of GDT is attached to the engine crankshaft. The turbine wheel is associated with the gearbox itself. There is also a reactor wheel between the turbine and pumping wheel, which is fixed. Each of the wheels of the hydrotransformer has blades that differ in their form. Between the blades, the channels are implemented through which transmission fluid (transmission oil, ATF, from English Automatic Transmissions Fluid).

The blocking clutch is necessary to lock the torque converter in some modes of operation. The overtaking coupling or a free move coupling is responsible for ensuring that the rigidly fixed reactor wheel is able to rotate in the opposite direction.

Now let's look at how the hydrotransformer works. Its work is based on a closed cycle and is that the transmission fluid is supplied to a turbine wheel from the pumping wheel. Then the fluid flow enters the reactor wheel.

The reactor blades are designed to enhance the flow rate of ATP fluid. The accelerated flow is redirected to the pumping wheel, forcing it to rotate with a greater speed result - an increase in the torque value. It is worth adding that the maximum moment is achieved when the torque converter is rotated at the lowest speed.

When the engine crankshaft is spinning, the angular velocity of the pumping and turbine wheel is aligned, and the flow of transmission fluid changes the direction. Then the clutch of the free move occurs, after which the reactor wheel begins to rotate. In this case, the torque converter switches to the hydromefta mode, that is, only torque is transmitted.

A further set of speed leads to a locking of the torque converter (the locking clutch is closed), resulting in a direct transmission of torque from the motor to the box. In this case, the GDT blocking occurs on different transmissions.

It should be noted that in modern automatic transmissions, the mode of operation is implemented with slipping the clutch of the torque converter blocking. This mode eliminates the full locking of the torque converter.

This mode of operation is possible to be implemented if the conditions are appropriate, that is, when the load and speed are suitable for activation it. The main task of the clutch slippage becomes more intensive acceleration of the car, reducing the consumption of combustible, softer and smooth transmission.

What is the automatic transmission: how the mechanical part of the box is arranged and works

The automatic transmission (automatic transmission) itself, as well as mechanical, stepwise changes the torque when moving the machine forward, and also allows you to move back when the reverse transmission is turned on.

At the same time, the automatic boxes typically use the planetary gearbox. This solution is compact, allows you to implement efficient work. For example, the MCPP often has two planetary gearboxes that are connected consistently and work together.

Combining gearboxes makes it possible to get the required number of steps (speeds) in the box. Simple automatic transmissions have four steps (four-stage automatic), while modern solutions can have six, seven, eight, or even nine steps.

The planetary gearbox includes several consecutive planetary gears. Such transfers form a planetary series. Each of the planetary gear includes:

• sunny gear;
• satellites;
• corona gear;
• drove;

The ability to change the torque and transmit rotation becomes available when the planetary row elements are blocked. One or two elements (solar or corona gear, drove) can be blocked.

If the crown gear is blocked, then the gear ratio increases. If the solar gear is fixed, then the gear ratio will be reduced. The blocked lead means that the direction of rotation is shown.

For the blocking itself, friction clutches (frictional) are responding, as well as the brake. The coupling blocks the parts of the planetary row among themselves, while the brake holds the desired elements of the gearbox due to the connection with the PPC housing. Depending on the design of one or another automatic transmission, a ribbon or multi-disc brake can be used.

The closure of couplings and brakes occurs due to hydraulic cylinders. Manage such hydraulic cylinders is implemented from a special module (distribution module).

An overrunning coupling may be present in the overall design of the automatic box, whose task becomes kept drove, which makes it possible to prevent its rotation in the opposite direction. It turns out, transmission to automatic transmission switches due to frictions and brakes.

Automatic automatic transmission control and principle

As for the principles of operation of the automatic transmission, the box works on a given algorithm for the inclusion and off of friction and brakes. The control system of such inclusions and shutdowns on modern boxes is electronic, that is, the selector (lever), sensors and gearbox have.

The automatic transmission control unit is integrated into and closely connected with the engine control unit. By analogy with the engine, the automatic transmission control unit also interacts with different sensors, which transmits signals to it about the speed of the gearbox, the temperature of the transmission fluid, the position of the gas pedal, the selector installation modes, etc.

The gear of the gearbox produces the processing of the received signals, then sends commands to actuators in the distribution module. As a result, the box determines which transmission to include in certain conditions (increased or reduced).

At the same time there is no clear given algorithm, that is, the transition point to different transmissions "floating" and is determined by the ECU itself with a box. This feature allows the system to work more flexibly.

Hydroplite (it is the same hydraulic block, hydrophilt, distribution module) actually controls the ATF transmission fluid, responding to the triggering of friction and brakes in the automatic transmission. This module has electromagnetic valves (solenoids) and special distributors, which are interconnected by narrow channels.

Solenoids are needed to switch gear, as they regulate the pressure of the working fluid in the box. Valve data operation is monitored and regulated by the automatic transmission control unit. The distributors are responsible for choosing operating modes and are activated by lever (selector).

The circulation of the hydraulic fluid in the automatic box corresponds to the pump pump. Pumps are gear and blade, they are activated by the hub of the hydrotransformer. It is important to understand that the pump along with the hydroplated (hydroblock) is the most important details in the design of the hydraulic part of the automatic box.

With the fact that in the process of work, the box has a property to heat up, the automatic transmission often has its own cooling system. At the same time, depending on the design, a separate oil radiator can be present, or a cooler or heat exchanger, which is turned on in.

That in the end

Taking into account the above information it becomes clear that the automatic box is a whole complex of mechanical, hydraulic and electronic devices. In this case, control is carried out both hydraulics and electronic unit.

It should also be noted that on the layout, automatic transmissions may differ for cars with front and rear-wheel drive, although most of the components are the same.

If we talk about the mechanical part of the automatic transmission, the planetary series is used in its device, which is distinguished by this type of boxes from ordinary "mechanics" (in the mechanical gearbox put parallel shafts and the gears attached to them, which are in engaging each other).

As for the hydrotransformer, this device can be considered a separate element of automatic transmission, since GDT is placed between the motor and the box, performing the clutch functions by analogy with the manual transmission.

Also, the hydrotransformer is driven by an oil pump inside the automatic box. The indicated pump creates the operating pressure of the transmission fluid, which, in turn, allows you to implement the control of the box.

Finally, we note that you should not try to start a car with a "automatic" box without starter (with overclocking), as is often practiced on cars with a manual box. The fact is that the ACP pump is activated from the engine.

It turns out that the engine does not work, the pressure of the working transmission fluid in the box will not be. This means that without pressure, it will not be possible to implement the automatic transmission control, and no matter what position the operation mode selection will be in the position. Moreover, an attempt to start a machine with a machine "from the Pull" can lead to serious gearbox breakdowns.

Read also

What is braking engine. How to perform this technique. Pros and cons, sonic recommendations. Braking engine on cars with automatic transmission.

Modern cars are equipped with several types of transmissions. Until recently, domestic cars were mainly completed by a manual gearbox. With a box, Russian motorists met, after the country began to import cars from abroad. But with the variator, there are still few people come across. The wide distribution of this type of transmission is just beginning.

So arranged variator

Principle of operation of the variator

The variator was invented for a long time. A description of the basic principles of his work is occurring in the notes of Leonardo da Vinci dated to the end of the fifteenth century. The first cars with the variator appeared in the fifties of the last century. These were small DAF. Then this transmissary began to equip some Volvo models. But the variator never received wide distribution at that time. And only today, the developers again began to develop and actively implement this type of transmission into production.

The principle of operation of a variator or CVT (abbreviation from English Continuously Variable Transmission) is radically different from classical mechanics and machine gun. It does not take fixed gear. Switching speeds from the first to the second, etc. absent. The transfer ratio from the engine shaft to the wheel drive varies smoothly as overclocking or slowing the car. Modern cars are equipped with toroidal, chain and clinorenic variasts. The most common type of transmission is most common.

Consider the principle of operation of a variator with a clinorem

The effect of cone-shaped halves of pulley leads to the poverty of the belt to the outer diameter, and the extension to the movement towards the axis

The basis of the clinoremable variator is two pulley. Each pulley consists of a pair of cones facing vertices to each other. Shifting and sliding cones allows you to change the diameter of the pulley. Pulleys are connected by a wedge-shaped belt. The flow of cone-shaped halves of pulley leads to the poverty of the belt to the outer diameter, and the expansion to the move towards the axis. Thus, smoothly changes the radius, according to which the belt works - from smaller to more and vice versa. Accordingly, the gear ratio of the engine varies and the drive. If the lead and slave pulleys are in an intermediate position (the diameters of the pulleys are equal), the transmission becomes direct - the frequency of rotation of the motor shaft is equal to the speed frequency of the drive.

To start the machine from the scene there is a conventional clutch or a torque converter, which is blocked after the start of movement. Drills of pulleys controls the electronic system consisting of servo drive, sensors and control unit.

An important role in this transmission is played by such a detail as a variator belt. Obviously, the usual rubber belt, from those that are used in the actuators of the air conditioner or the generator, is not suitable here. It will not withstand loads arising from the transmission of the torque in the variator, and is quickly extended. Therefore, the wedge-shaped belt of the variator has a rather complicated structure. This can be a steel tape with a special coating or a set of cables, which are riveted with a plurality of steel plates of the trapezoidal form.

Belt variator

In the cars of the Audi brand, variators with a belt made in the form of a wide steel chain. Special fluid is used for lubrication chain. With a strong pressure in places of contact of the chain with a pulley, it changes its condition. This allows the chain to transmit great efforts without slippage.

Variator - pros and cons

The benefits of a vehicle with a variator can be attributed smooth and at the same time quite fast overclocking. Comfortable ride on the variator is comparable to a ride on - in the car also provides for only two pedals and there is no need to manipulate the speed switching lever. This is especially true for novice drivers. The engine with a variator transmission will not silent on the traffic light and will not give the car back on the cool rise.

Thanks to the variator, the load on the drive elements and the engine is distributed evenly with any driving style. The engine with the variator always works smoothly, in a favorable gentle mode. It greatly increases its resource, reduces fuel consumption, reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Disadvantages of the variator:

• The high cost of the transmission fluid and the inability to replace it with ordinary oil
• Dorganiza repair and lack of narrow-profile qualified specialists
• The need to remove indications with a large number of different sensors. If you fail, even one of them has serious violations in the work of the entire transmission
• Inability to install on cars with a powerful engine

Although it is worth noting that there are some progress on the equipment of the variator transmission of more powerful engines. For example, on Audi A4 2.0 TFSI (engine power 200 hp) a variator with a Multitronic chain is successfully operating. And the Nissan Murano crossover with an engine capacity of 3.5 liters and a capacity of 234 hp Equipped with an X-Tronic clinoremable variator. If the variator truck is still unacceptable, then for passenger cars, it is a good alternative mechanic or machine.

In this video, a detailed overview of automatic transmissions

What is better - a variator or machine

Many motorists ask themselves the question - what is the better variator or machine? A brief description of the principle of operation of the variator was given above. Therefore, how is the variator differ from the machine quite understandable. But is such a transmission better than the automatic transmission - there is no unambiguous answer. With the advantages of the variator compared to the machine, everything is clear. This is a dynamic acceleration, and low fuel consumption, and a larger engine resource. But here is that there is still a box of automatic in the win. Although it cannot be said that the repair of automatic transmission is low, however, it will cost cheaper than similar work with the variator. Yes, and services providing services for the repair of automatic transmission significantly more.

Variator or mechanic what is better

The same question may occur in relation to the manual transmission - a variator or mechanic, what is better? According to the advantages of the variator, the situation here is the same as with a machine gun. Regarding the repair and maintenance of the mechanics, it is definitely cheaper than the variator and the machine. It will not be superfluous to note that the variator, as well as the machine, is designed rather for lovers of a calm safe movement. Those who belong to the car, first of all, as to the means allowing to quickly move from point A to point B. For the same drivers who simply love cars and all that is connected with them, which you like to feel one whole with your iron horse , I like to join the seat under the action of the load from acceleration, you like to hear the root of the motor - the answer to the question of a variator or mechanic that it will be better to be unequivocal - MCPP.

Something useful for you:

Tips for buying and maintaining a car with a variator

Due to expensive maintenance and repair of vehicles equipped with a variator, when buying it is recommended to give preference to new cars with a guarantee. In the case of used auto, it is difficult to judge the degree of wear of the transmission elements. Repair of a faulty box may require additional costs, so such that the total amount spent on the purchase and repair of a used car will be commensurate with the purchase of a new one.

Motorists are still decided on acquisition with the variator, you should know how to check the variator when buying. The easiest test is to warm up the car and move from the scene. Jews at the start should not be. If they are present, most likely produced a resource of transmission fluid. It must be changed. When replacing the liquid, filters change. When checking the variator in all modes of transmission operations, there should be no extraneous noise.

When buying a car, there may be a question, and what is actually sold by the variator or maybe a classic machine? How to determine the machine or the variator is under the hood? The fact is that visually define the type of transmission is quite difficult. Even the designations of the switch modes in the machine and the variator are the same - P, R, N, D.

Determine the variator or machine can be as follows:

• Carefully familiarize yourself with the documentation for the car - the machine is denoted by the letters at or A. Variator - CVT
• Collect information about a specific car brand from reference books, directories, on the Internet. Thus, you can find out which type of transmission is installed on the car you are interested in
• Conduct a test trip by car. With a dynamic acceleration, the machine, switching transmission, gives tangible shoes. Simultaneously with the switching changes and the number of revolutions, which can be determined by a tachometer or hearing. The variator accelerates without shocks at the stationary tachometer arrow.
• In some new variator models, there is no probe to check the gearbox oil level. In automatic boxes, the dipstick is always present.

Car owners with a variator are recommended every 24,000 mileage kilometers to visit the service station to check the condition of the working fluid. Replacing the oil in the variator is performed every 60 thousand km of run. This is according to the manufacturer's instructions, but on the recommendations of specialists it is better to make a fluid replacement earlier in 30 - 40 thousand km.

How to ride the variator

• At negative temperatures, it is not recommended to give a greater load on the transmission immediately after the start of the movement. Elements of the system must warm up in a small go.
• Try to avoid strong and sharp loads, the variator is not created for racing, towing and off-road.

During operation, you must regularly check the status of the wiring, connectors and sensors. If foreign noise appears, you need to immediately contact the service center. Trying to repair the variator independently, not having skills and special devices, it is not recommended.

Thanks to the constructive feature, the automatic transmission provides with the help of automation the selection required for the movement of the car, without participation in this driver's process. At the same time, unlike the mechanical gearbox, the right hand of the driver is released from movement shifting movements and disappears the need to equip the car with a clutch pedal, which also eliminates the driver's movement of the driver to squeeze the clutch from the process.

To start moving the car, equipped with automatic transmission, the driver is enough to translate the box of the box to the desired position and then it remains only to adjust the speed of gas and brake pedals. Driving a vehicle equipped with an automatic box is much easier, which gives a greater opportunity to the driver focuses on the road atmosphere.

Regardless of the type, any transmission - whether it is mechanical or automatic, performs the same functions in the car - the effective use of the engine torque, but in various ways based on its features of the structures.

Device automatic

The operation of the automatic transmission is based on the operation of its planetary mechanisms and the hydromechanical drive. In a small engine speed, the automatic machine allows a car to move in a large speed range. To the main elements devices automatic transmission include the following mechanisms:

• hydrotransformer;
• planetary reductor;
• packages of frictional;
• brake band;
• control device.

Main nodes and principle of operation of automatic transmission

Basic principle of operation of automatic transmission It should be the property of fluid when rotating transmit energy. This property made it possible to create a device (hydromefta, a hydrotransformer), in which there is no rigid connection between the inlet and output shafts, and the mechanical energy between these shafts is transmitted using the working fluid stream.

The torque converter in the automatic transmission performs the automatic torque transfer function from the power unit to the main gearbox nodes, which corresponds to the function of the clutch node in the manual transmission. After reaching certain revolutions by the engine, using the working fluid pressure on the slotransformer nodes - the pumping wheel, which is rigidly connected to the crankshaft of the power unit and the turbine wheel, interconnected with the main gear shaft, the torque transmits. During a decrease in the revolutions of the power unit, fluid pressure on a turbine wheel falls, and it stops. Accordingly, the engagement of the engine with the box is interrupted.

Due to the fact that the hydrotransformer is limited in the possibility of transmitting mechanical energy in wide ranges, it is connected to the planetary multi-stage transmissions that ensure the switching of speeds and reversing rotation.

By your device, the planetary gearbox is a gear rotating around the central - "sunny" gear. It functions by blocking and separating certain elements of the planetary row. For three-speed automatic transmission, two planetary mechanisms are used, and in four-speed - three.

Packages of frictional or friction system are mechanisms that block the moving elements of the planetary gearbox. On its device, this is a set of several movable and stationary rings, which under the influence of the hydraulic pusher stalls, which ensures that the appropriate transmission is switched.

The brake tape takes part in the transmission, which temporarily blocks the necessary elements of the planetary gearbox. The principle of its work is the effect of self-installing used to block these elements. Having a relatively small size, the brake tape softens the mechanisms at the time of their work.

The control device is intended to regulate the functioning of the brake ribbon and the work of the friction. It consists of a block of valves having spools, springs, channel system and other elements. The control device performs the gear shift function based on the specific conditions of the vehicle movement - when it accelerates it uses increased gear, and when braking is low.

Modes of operation of automatic transmission

Automatic transmission can operate in several standard modes. All of them are designated still in the past century symbols in Latin: P, D, N, R.

Parking mode "P" or parking. - Provides all gears off. In this case, drive wheels are blocked by gearbox mechanisms, and it is disabled from the engine. In this mode, the engine is launched.

Video about the warming of the "Automatic" box:

Movement Mode "D" or drive. - Provides automatic gear shift when moving a car forward.

Mode "N" or neutral transmission - Provides the leading wheel of the car from the gearbox. This mode is used during short stops or, if necessary, towing a car.

Reversing Mode "R" - Provides car movement with reversal.

The driver management of the automatic box must be performed in the set sequence: 1. Parking; 2. Reverse; 3. Neutral; 4. Movement.

In modern automatic transmission for a comfortable ride, additional modes of operation are provided.

Mode reduced transmission "L" - Used during slow motion in a complex road atmosphere. In this mode, the gearbox only works on the selected transmission, regardless of the change in the power unit.

Modes "2" and "3" - Used when towing cargo by vehicle or in appropriate conditions. The numbers indicate the number of fixed transmission on which the car moves.

Overdrive mode «O / D» or "Overdrive" - Used for frequent automatic activation of the increase. Such a mode provides a more economical and uniform movement of the car, mainly on the highway roads.

City Mode Mode "D3" - limits the automatic switching of the transmission box.

Retired traffic mode "NORM" - Allows the box to switch to increased transmissions when the average rotation of the engine crankshaft is reached.

Winter Movement mode «S» or "SNOW" (It can also be denoted by the "W" or "Winter" symbol - allows the car to start moving from the second transmission, thereby preventing the running wheels. Also, during the movement, the operation of the automatic transmission is performed more gently using low engine speeds.