Maintenance of the MTZ-82.1 / 80.1 engine Belarus

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Checking the oil level in the crankcase of a diesel engine D-243

Check the oil level by installing the MTZ-82.1 / 80.1 Belarus tractor on a flat area and not earlier than 3-5 minutes after engine stop when the oil has completely drained into the crankcase.

To check the oil level in the crankcase of the D-243 engine, do the following:

Remove the oil gauge, wipe it clean and reinstall it until it stops;

Remove the oil gauge and check the oil level. The oil level should be between the top and bottom marks on the oil dipstick. If necessary, add oil to right level through the neck by removing the cover.

Replace the cover.

Checking the coolant level in the cooling system

Check the level of coolant in the MTZ-82-1 / 80-1 Belarus cooling system by filling the expansion tank.

To access the expansion tank, open the hood.

The amount of coolant in the expansion tank should be at a level of 20-30 mm from the bottom of the expansion tank to the upper edge of the expansion tank clamp.

If the coolant level is lower than 20-30 mm from the bottom of the expansion tank, open the expansion tank cap and add coolant to the expansion tank up to the upper edge of the expansion tank clamp.

Checking the level and condition of the oil in the sump of the diesel air cleaner D-243

Loosen the two nuts and remove the air cleaner pan.

Check the oil level in the sump, which should be at the level of the ring belt "A".

Add oil if necessary.

If there is dirt and water in the oil, drain the contaminated oil, flush the sump and fill with pre-filtered treated engine oil to the level of the annular groove.

Check the system for leaks.

Checking and adjusting the tension of the cooling fan drive belt

The tension of the fan belt is considered normal if its deflection on the pulley branch crankshaft- the alternator pulley is in the range from 15 to 22 mm for the D-243 (D-243S) diesel engine when pressed with a force of 40 N.

Loosen the alternator to adjust the belt tension.

Turn the alternator housing to adjust the belt tension.

Tighten the bar mounting bolt and the alternator mounting bolt nuts.

Cleaning the rotor of the D-243 diesel centrifugal oil filter

Clean the rotor of the centrifugal oil filter of the MTZ-82.1 / 80.1 Belarus engine at the same time as changing the oil in the engine crankcase.

To clean the centrifugal oil filter rotor, do the following:

Unscrew the nut and remove the cap;

Insert a screwdriver or a rod between the filter housing and the bottom of the rotor to stop the rotor from rotating, and turning the rotor nut with a wrench, remove the rotor cup;

Remove the cover, impeller and filter screen of the rotor;

Use a non-metallic scraper to remove deposits from the inner walls of the rotor cup;

Clean all parts, wash them in a cleaning solution and blow with compressed air;

Assemble the filter by following the disassembly operations in reverse order. Lubricate the O-ring before assembling the bowl with the rotor housing engine oil;

Align the balancing marks on the glass and the rotor body;

Screw the cup fastening nut with a little effort until the cup is fully seated on the rotor;

The rotor should rotate freely, without jamming.

Install the cap and tighten the nut to a torque of 35 to 50 Nm.

Changing the oil in the crankcase of a diesel engine D-243

Before changing the oil, warm up the diesel engine to normal operating temperature (at least 70 ° C), install the MTZ-82-1 / 80-1 Belarus tractor on a flat area, turn off and brake the tractor with a parking brake.

To change the oil in the crankcase of a D-243 diesel engine, do the following:

Remove the oil cap filler neck and turn away drain plug;

Drain the oil into a used oil storage container;

Replace the drain plug and fill in fresh, clean engine oil through the oil filler neck to the upper mark on the oil dipstick;

Reinstall the filler cap;

Start the engine and let it run for one to two minutes;

Ten minutes after stopping the engine, check the oil level with an oil dipstick;

If necessary, add oil to the crankcase.

Draining the sludge from the filter fine cleaning diesel fuel D-243

If the tractor engine has collapsible filter fine purification of fuel, sludge discharge must be performed as follows:

Unscrew the plug at the bottom of the filter and drain the sediment until clean fuel appears, drain the sediment into a special container;

Tighten plugs;

If a non-separable fine fuel filter is installed on the tractor engine, the sludge must be drained as follows:

Loosen the air removal plug by 1-2 turns;

Unscrew the plug at the bottom of the filter and drain the sediment until clean fuel appears;

Tighten plugs;

Fill the system with fuel (bleed the fuel system).

Checking and adjusting clearances between valves and rocker arms of a diesel engine

Check and, if necessary, adjust the clearances between the valves and rocker arms every 500 hours of operation, and also after removing the cylinder head, tightening the cylinder head bolts and when valve knock occurs.

The gap between the rocker striker and the end of the valve stem when checking on a cold D-243 / D-243S engine (coolant and oil temperature no more than 60 C) should be: intake valves and exhaust valves - 0.25 + −0.05 mm.

When adjusting the gap between the end of the valve stem and the rocker arm on an unheated diesel engine, set: intake valves and exhaust valves - 0.25-0.05 mm.

Adjust in the following sequence:

Remove the caps of the cylinder head covers and check the tightness of the bolts and nuts securing the racks of the rocker axles;

crank crankshaft until the valves in the first cylinder overlap ( inlet valve of the first cylinder starts to open, and the exhaust finishes closing) and adjust the gaps in the fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth valves (counting from the fan), then rotate the crankshaft one revolution, setting the overlap in the fourth cylinder, and adjust the gaps in the first, second, third and fifth valves.

Loosen the adjusting screw locknut on the rocker arm to adjust the clearance. adjustable valve and, turning the screw, set the required gap on the probe between the rocker arm and the end of the valve stem.

After setting the clearance, tighten the locknut. After adjusting the valve clearance, replace the cylinder head cover cap.

Checking and tightening the cylinder head bolts

Check the tightening of the cylinder head bolts when the diesel engine D-243 in the following order:

Remove the cap and cylinder head cover;

Remove the rocker axle with rocker arms and racks;

Using a torque wrench, check the tightening of all cylinder head bolts in the correct sequence.

The tightening torque of the cylinder head bolts must be between 190 and 210 Nm;

After checking the tightening of the cylinder head bolts, reinstall the rocker shaft and adjust the clearance between the valves and rocker arms.

Reinstall the cap and cylinder head cover.

Washing the filter coarse cleaning fuel

Wash the coarse fuel filter in the following sequence:

Turn away nuts of bolts of fastening of a glass;

Remove the glass;

Unscrew the reflector with the grid with a key;

Remove diffuser;

Rinse the reflector with mesh, diffuser and filter bowl in diesel fuel and put them back in place.

If a collapsible fine fuel filter is installed on the tractor engine MTZ-82.1 / 80.1 Belarus, replace the filter element of the fine fuel filter, for which do the following:

Close both fuel tank taps;

Drain the fuel from the filter by unscrewing the plug at the bottom of the housing. Do not spill fuel, drain fuel only into a special container;

Turn away nuts of fastening of a cover and remove a cover;

Remove the filter element from the housing;

Wash the inside of the filter housing with diesel fuel;

Assemble the filter with a new filter element;

Fill the filter housing with fuel;

Install the cover and fixing nuts;

Remove air from the fuel supply system.

Checking the injectors for the pressure of the start of injection and the quality of the fuel spray

The nozzle is considered to be serviceable if it atomizes the fuel in the form of a mist from all five holes of the atomizer, without separate droplets flying out, continuous jets and thickenings.

The beginning and end of the injection must be clear, the appearance of drops on the toe of the sprayer is not allowed.

Remove the nozzles from the D-243 engine of the MTZ-82-1 / 80-1 Belarus tractor, for which do the following:

Before disconnecting or loosening any parts fuel system completely clean the adjacent work surface;

Loosen the nuts and disconnect the fuel lines high pressure from injectors and fuel pump;

Unscrew the four bolts of the drain line and remove the drain line. Discard the sealing copper washers (two washers for each banjo bolt);

Turn away bolts of fastening of atomizers and remove atomizers;

Send nozzles for service to the workshop;

Install checked, cleaned and adjusted injectors by following the above steps in reverse order.

Bleed the fuel system.

Oil pressure adjustment in the D-243 engine lubrication system

Constantly monitor the oil pressure value according to the pressure gauge located on the instrument panel (when the engine is running at a rated speed and the coolant temperature is 85-95 ° C, the oil pressure should be at the level of 0.25-0.35 MPa, the pressure value is allowed on a cold engine up to 0.6 MPa);

If the lubrication system is in good condition (oil line connections are tight, safety valve in the oil filter is in good order, etc.), but when operating at rated speed at normal operating temperature Coolant pressure in the lubrication system either constantly exceeds the value of 0.35 MPa, or constantly lower than the value of 0.25 MPa, it is necessary to adjust the oil pressure in the engine lubrication system.

Adjust the oil pressure in the lubrication system as follows:

Unscrew the plug, remove the gasket;

In the channel of the oil filter housing, use a screwdriver to turn the adjusting plug 6 one turn in the direction of increasing or decreasing the pressure value (depending on the actual pressure);

Install the gasket and tighten the plug;

Repeat the above adjustment steps if necessary.

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Service and adjustments MTZ-82 __________________________________________________________________________

Operation and service of MTZ-82.1, 80.1, 80.2, 82.2

MTZ 82 is a tractor of a Belarusian manufacturer, which is very popular in our country. Before operating any operating vehicle, the level of all fluids should be checked and topped up if necessary. Only knowing filling tanks MTZ 82 and poured brands of oils, you can complete this task.

The main filling volumes of MTZ 82 and MTZ 80

First of all, the tractor driver needs to know how much fuel can fit in the fuel tank and how much oil is in the MTZ 82 in the engine. Volume fuel tank 120 liters. But they are not the only ones. There is also a tank starting motor PD-10. It holds 1.9 liters.

Additional carbureted engine needed to start the engine. It provides an easy start even in difficult conditions at low temperature. It consists of a single-stage gearbox and an electric starter with a heater.

Tractor Belarus

MTZ 82 can be equipped with one of two power units: D240 and D240L. What about filling volumes, then the only difference between them is that the D240 has a 20-liter cooling system, and the D240L has a 22-liter one.

Gas stations MTZ capacities 82:

1. The volume of the engine oil crankcase is 15 liters.
2. Transmission housing, including gearbox and rear axle- 40 l.
3. Front drive axle - 1.7 liters.
4. Wheel reducer PM - 1.7 l. every.
5. Upper conical pair of wheel reduction gears front axle- 0.3 each.
6. Power steering - 6 liters.
7. Fuel pump - 0.2 l.
8. Starting motor, gearbox - 0.4 l.

Brands and filling volume

The capacity of the nodes is not predetermining for refueling. It is necessary to fill the system with a certain amount of oil or grease. Before pouring fluid or lubricating components, it is necessary to clarify which brand to use.

When the tractor is operating in the cold season at temperatures up to +5 C it is necessary to use engine oil M-8DM, which complies with GOST 8581-78. It is necessary to fill in 12 liters. The same amount of lubricant, but already the M-10DM oil grade according to GOST 8581-78 must be updated at an ambient temperature of +5 C or more. Lubricant needs to be changed every 500 miles. You can also use alternative options: M-10G2K and M-10G2. The first sample is changed every 250 hours, and the second every 500 hours.

One of the above oils can be poured into the fuel pump. The reason for replacing the fluid in the node may be its repair. In other cases, filling it is not required. The fuel pump holds 0.25 liters of engine oil.

The air cleaner is another part of the tractor that requires engine oil. But there is a peculiarity here. You can add working off, letting it settle. Replacement is made every 500 mph. But be sure to know how many liters of oil to add. In this case, 1.5 liters.

Engine compartment

Filling capacity power transmission- 40 liters. The system is fully loaded. At each next scheduled one, it is necessary to replace 40 liters gear oil TAp-15V, TSp-10 or TSp-15K. Can be duplicated by others - TAD-17.

The wheel reduction gear holds 3.7 liters of the same oil as the transmission. Unlike other elements, the gearbox must be filled at two points at once. The wheel reducer, the upper bevel pair, the drive support and the drive pulley are filled with Tap-15V and other similar oils.

All hydraulic units and HSC are filled with upgraded engine oil M-10G2. You can use others: M-8G2K or M-10G2K. The same applies to the power steering, the same oil is refilled there.

The stroke bearing is lubricated by Litol-24. Alternatively, an LCP-GM multi-purpose back-up grease can be used. This must be done during both operation and maintenance. To fill 0.2 liters of working volume, you must use a special syringe. A few injections will be enough.

» Engine lubrication system D 240 - centrifuge, oil pump and service

Implemented on the D-240 engine combined system lubricants. Based on the operating conditions of the parts, oil enters the rubbing surfaces (rod and main journals of the crankshaft, camshaft bearing journals, fuel pump gear bushings and intermediate gear) under pressure, but in a pulsating flow (valve mechanism) or by spraying. The engine lubrication system includes: a full-flow centrifugal oil filter (centrifuge), an oil pump with an oil receiver and oil radiator. The lubrication system also includes fittings, oil lines, safety valves, control devices and others. Some of the diesel components (starter, pump, fuel pump) have their own autonomous lubrication scheme. To lubricate the engine of the MTZ-82 tractor, engine oil is used: in winter - brand M8G2, in summer - M10G2. The oil must be changed every 480 hours of engine operation.

1 - oil cooler; 2 - main oil line; 3 - oil pressure gauge; 4 - grid; 5 - centrifuge; 6 - oil pump; 7 - pressure reducing valve; 8 - drain valve; 9 - safety valve; 10 - thrust rings; 11 - branch pipe; 12 - oil receiver; 13 - oil cooler.

Oil pump D-240

Single-stage, gear type, mounted on the cover of the first main bearing of the crankshaft and rotates from the engine crankshaft. The pump consists of a cover, housing, drive and drive gears mounted on the shaft, as well as a driven gear located on the pin.

During the rotation of the gears, a vacuum is formed in the suction area, which contributes to the flow of oil into the oil intake of the pump. Getting into the teeth of the gears, the oil is fed into the line, and from there it goes to the rubbing nodes.

The depth of the bores for gears in the housing, their width and placement are performed with high precision. To create tightness in the internal cavity of the oil pump, the mating surfaces of the cover and housing are carefully ground. It is not allowed to move the cover from one pump to another. The oil supply by the pump is 36 liters per minute at a speed of 2320 rpm and a pressure of 0.70-0.75 MPa (7.0-7.5 kgf / cm²).

1 - oil intake; 2 - pump housing; 3 - finger of the driven gear; 4 - driven gear; 5 - housing cover; 6 - pump drive gear; 7 - pin; 8 - pump shaft; 9 - drive gear; 10 - branch pipe.

Oil filter

D-240 engine centrifuge designed to clean the circulating oil in the lubrication system. The engine is equipped with a centrifugal filter equipped with a nozzleless hydraulic drive.

The filter housing has an axis on which the rotor rotates. The cover is attached to the frame with a nut and sealed with a rubber ring. The rotor is kept from axial movement by a washer and nut placed on upper end threaded axles. From above, the rotor is closed with a cap fixed by a nut with a washer. An oil drain tube is located in the inner cavity of the axle. Influenced centrifugal forces small particles, wear products of parts and oil decomposition remain on the inner walls of the rotor. Refined oil with high speed is thrown through a tangential hole into the inner groove of the rotor housing in the area of ​​the inlet holes of the rotor axis. As a result, a reactive force is formed that rotates the rotor. Further, the oil is fed through the holes in the rotor axis and the tube into the main oil line.

The safety valve controls a pressure of 0.65-0.70 MPa (6.5-7.0 kgf / cm²) in front of the rotor. In the event that the oil pressure at the rotor inlet exceeds this value, then it is drained through the valve into the sump.

Pressure drain valve adjusted to a value of 0.20-0.30 MPa (2-3 kgf / cm²) and maintains the required pressure in the main oil line.

Centrifuge (oil filter):1 - filter housing; 2 - tubes; 3 - axis of the rotor; 4 - rotor cover; 5 - glass; 6 - nozzles; 7 - rotor housing; 8 - rotor cup; 9 - thrust ring; 10 - special nut; 11 - washer; 12 - nut; 13 - filter cap; 14 - nut; 15 - cap gasket; 16 - sealing ring; 17 - safety valve; 18 - fitting for connecting a pressure gauge; 19 - oil pipeline to the radiator; 20 - pressure reducing valve; 21 - drain valve; 22 - cork; 23 - adjusting plug.

pressure reducing valve(unregulated) is necessary to transfer cold oil to the line bypassing the oil cooler.

The oil cooler is used to cool the engine oil, the temperature of which may increase during prolonged operation of the engine with maximum load especially at high temperature environment. Passing through a large number copper tubes radiator, the oil is cooled by air flow from the fan at 10-15º C and fed into the engine.

Maintenance of the D-240 engine lubrication system

Before each engine start, check the oil level in the crankcase. Use only engine oil recommended by the manufacturer in the engine. To fill the oil, use a special container equipped with a filter element. It is recommended to fill the oil no higher than the upper mark. It is forbidden to start a diesel engine when the oil level is below the control mark on the dipstick. Enhanced Level oil in the engine will lead to a significant overflow of oil on the cylinder mirrors, deterioration of piston group and intense diesel smoke. With a low oil content, the lubrication of parts deteriorates.

It is recommended to change the oil after every 480 hours of engine operation, as over time it loses lubricating properties. Oil is drained from the crankcase when the engine is warm. Clean the centrifuge rotor before adding oil.

Maintenance of the D-240 engine lubrication system also consists in regular monitoring of oil pressure. The oil pressure at the rated speed of the crankshaft should be 0.2-0.3 MPa (2.0-3.0 kgf / cm²), at minimum speed - not less than 0.8 MPa (0.8 kgf / cm²). High or low pressure signals a malfunction in the lubrication system. A sharp drop in pressure can occur due to oil leakage from the oil lines, incorrect work pressure gauge, safety or drain valve and damage to the oil pump.

The centrifuge rotor must be cleaned every 480 hours of operation. To do this, it is necessary to disassemble the oil filter and use a scraper to clean the rotor from the formed deposits. Before mounting the rotor, lubricate the sealing rubber ring with oil.

7.6.1. Maintenance of diesel tractor MTZ-82

CHANGE OF OIL IN THE CRANKCASE OF THE DIESEL OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR

When changing the oil in the diesel crankcase, follow these recommendations:
fill in the oil sump only recommended this manual oil corresponding to the seasonal period of operation;
fill with oil up to the upper mark on the oil dipstick. Do not allow the diesel engine to operate with an oil level below the lower and above the upper mark; check the oil level no earlier than 3-5 minutes after stopping the diesel engine;
change the oil in the diesel crankcase after 500 hours (with TO-2).
To drain the oil in the lower part of the diesel oil sump there is a hole closed with a plug.

CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE CLEARANCES IN THE VALVES OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL

Check and adjust the gaps between the valves and rocker arms after running in a new tractor and every 500 hours (with TO-2), as well as after removing the cylinder head, TIGHTENING the cylinder head bolts and when valves knock. The gap between the rocker striker and the end of the valve stem on an unheated diesel engine is adjusted by 0.25 ... 0.30 mm for intake and exhaust valves.

Adjust in the following order (Fig. 35):

1. set the piston of the first cylinder to TDC (both valves must be closed);
2. loosen the lock nut 2 of the screw on the adjustable valve rocker arm and, by screwing in or out screw 1, set the required gap between the rocker arm and the end of the rod on the probe 3. After setting the gap, tighten the lock nut and check the gap again with the probe by turning the rod. Adjust the valves in the sequence corresponding to the diesel operation order (1-3-4-2) by turning the crankshaft 1/2 turn clockwise.

Rice. 35. Adjusting clearances in diesel valves

The valves can be adjusted in another way:

1. remove the cap of the cylinder head cover;
2. check the tightness of the fastening of the racks of the rocker arm;
3. turn the crankshaft until the valves in the first cylinder overlap (the inlet valve of the 1st cylinder begins to open, Exhaust valve- finishes closing) and adjust the gap in valves 4, 6, 7 and 8 (valve count from the fan);
4. rotate the crankshaft one turn, setting the overlap in the fourth cylinder, and adjust the clearance in 1, 2, 3 and 5 valves.

After adjusting the gaps, replace the cover cap. When rechecking on a cold diesel, gaps of 0.20 ... 0.35 mm are allowed for intake and exhaust valves.

CHECKING THE TIGHTENING OF THE BOLTS OF FASTENING THE CYLINDER HEAD OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL

Check the tightening of the cylinder head bolts after running in a new tractor and after 1000 h (at TO-3) on a warm diesel engine in the following order:

1. remove the cap and cylinder head cover;
2. remove the rocker axle with rocker arms and racks;
3. torque wrench check up an inhaling of all bolts of fastening of a head of cylinders in the sequence specified in fig. 36. The tightening torque should be 19-21 kgf * m (190-210 N * m);
4. after checking the tightening of the cylinder head bolts, reinstall the rocker shaft and adjust the clearance between the rocker arms and valves. Reinstall the head cover and cover cap.

DISASSEMBLY AND CLEANING OF THE ROTOR OF THE CENTRIFUGAL OIL FILTER OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL

Clean the rotor of the centrifugal oil filter at the same time as changing the oil in the diesel crankcase.

Clean the rotor in the following sequence:

а) unscrew the cap nut 1 (Fig. 37) fastening the cap 2 of the centrifugal filter and remove it;

b) insert a screwdriver (small diameter rod) between the filter housing and the bottom of the rotor and stop the rotor from turning (see Fig. 38). With the key S=36 mm, turning the nut 4 fastening the rotor cup, pull the cup 3 off the rotor body;

c) use a wooden scraper to remove the layer of deposits from the inner walls of the rotor cup;

d) if necessary, clean the nozzle holes in the upper part of the rotor column;

e) assemble the rotor in the reverse order of disassembly, aligning the marks on the rotor and the rotor cup. Lubricate the O-ring with engine oil before installing the rotor cup. Wrap the cup fastening nut with a little force until the cup is fully seated on the rotor; tighten the nut 1 of the cap 2 with a torque of 3.5-5.0 kgf * m (35-50 N * m);

f) check the operation of the centrifugal oil filter.

After stopping the diesel engine for 30-60 s, a slight noise from the rotation of the rotor should be heard under the filter cap.

FLUSHING OF THE FILTER OF PRE-CLEANING THE OIL OF THE DIESEL OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR

After the tractor break-in and every 1000 hours of operation, wash the oil pre-filter 1 (Fig. 39) and blow compressed air until complete removal of contaminants, having previously dismantled it from the diesel oil line. When installing the filter in the oil line, ensure that the oil enters from the same side as before removing the filter.

FLUSHING THE BREATHER PACKING

Flush the diesel breather packing with fuel after 1000 hours (at TO-3). To do this, remove the breather housing, remove the breather, wash it and blow it with compressed air. Pour a little oil inside the breather and, after letting it drain, put the breather in place. At the same time as flushing the breather, flush the screen installed between the oil filler neck and the cylinder block.

ADJUSTING THE DRAIN VALVE OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL CENTRIFUGE

When the diesel engine is running at nominal speed and the water temperature is 95 ° C, the oil pressure should be 2.5-3.5 kgf / cm² (0.25-0.35 MPa). If the oil pressure under the specified conditions is below 1.0 kgf/cm² (0.1 MPa), stop the diesel engine, find out and eliminate the reasons for the decrease in oil pressure. Adjust the oil pressure in the lubrication system by tightening the spring of the drain valve of the centrifugal oil filter (Fig. 40), after removing the screw plug.

OPERATIONS OF MAINTENANCE OF THE COOLING SYSTEM OF THE DIESEL OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR

When servicing the cooling system, adhere to the following recommendations:

1. maintain the coolant level in the upper tank 50-60 mm below the upper end of the radiator filler neck (the level must be at least 100 mm from the upper end of the filler neck);
2. monitor the coolant temperature. If the temperature is exceeded, check the coolant level and fan belt tension;
3. keep the radiator clean and clean it periodically;
4. check the fan belt tension after 125 hours (at TO-1) The tension of the branch between the crankshaft pulleys and the generator should be such that when pressed with a force of 40 N, the belt deflection is 15-22 mm. Adjust the tension by turning the generator;
5. if necessary, but at least every 2000 hours, descale the cooling system. To do this, fill it with a solution consisting of 50-60 g of soda ash per 1 liter of water, start the diesel engine, let it work for 8-10 hours, then stop the diesel engine, drain the solution from the system and rinse it with clean water;
6. the water pump of the cooling system has bearings and a mechanical seal that do not require Maintenance during the entire period of operation.

MAINTENANCE OF THE AIR CLEANER OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL

Service the air cleaner after 1000 hours of diesel operation, as well as in case of fire control lamp clogging of the air filter, which indicates its maximum clogging. To carry out maintenance, perform the following operations (Fig. 41):

1. remove the air cleaner from the diesel engine and disassemble it (separate the pan and remove the filter elements from the housing);
2. clean and wash pan 7, housing 1 and central pipe in diesel fuel, wash filter elements. Let the fuel drain, blow compressed air through the parts and reassemble the air cleaner. Install it on diesel;
3. fill pan 7 with oil to the level of the annular groove and put it in place;
4. check the tightness of all connections of the air cleaner and the intake air duct, for which, with the monocyclone removed at medium speeds of the diesel engine, close the central pipe of the air cleaner, while the diesel engine should stop quickly. Otherwise, find out and eliminate leaks;
5. when assembling the air cleaner after washing, install filter elements 2, 3 and 4 in the following sequence: first element 2 (black) with the smallest thread diameter (0.2 mm); then - filter element 3 with an average diameter (0.24 mm), and finally - filter element 4 with largest diameter(0.4 mm) of thread, then install clip 5 and stopper 6.

If the tractor does not have a warning lamp for maximum clogging, or if there is a malfunction, service the air cleaner as follows: every 125 hours under normal conditions (after 20 hours in conditions of very dusty air), remove the sump and check the level and condition of the oil. If the oil is contaminated, drain it, rinse the sump and refill fresh oil to the level of the annular extrusion. When working in conditions of air clogging with large particles, install gauze protection on the coarse air filter mesh. Every 1000 hours, service the air cleaner as described above in points "a", "b", "c", "d" and "e".

Draining the sludge and washing the coarse fuel filter

Every 125 hours (at TO-1), drain the sediment from the coarse fuel filter. To do this, unscrew the drain plug 2 (Fig. 42) at the bottom of the glass and drain the sediment until clean fuel appears.

After 1000 hours (TO-3), wash the coarse fuel filter, for which (Fig. 43):

1. close the fuel tank cock;
2. remove the bolts 1 fastening the glass 3;
3. remove glass 3;
4. unscrew the reflector 2 with the grid with a wrench;
5. remove diffuser;
6. wash the reflector with mesh, diffuser and filter bowl 3 in diesel fuel and install them in place.

After assembling the filter, fill the system with fuel.

Draining the sludge and replacing the filter element of the fine fuel filter of the MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL

Every 500 hours (at TO-2), drain the sediment from the fuel fine filter. To do this, unscrew the plug (Fig. 44) in the filter housing and drain the sediment until clean fuel appears. Replace the filter element after 1000 hours (at TO-3). To do this (Fig. 45):

1. close the fuel tank cock;
2. drain the fuel from the filter by unscrewing the plug 4;
3. unscrew the nuts, remove the filter cover 1, remove the filter element 2;
4. rinse the cover and the inner cavity of the filter;
5. install a new filter element and assemble the filter;
6. open the fuel tank cock, fill the system with fuel, bleed the air from the fuel system.

FILLING THE SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH FUEL AND REMOVING AIR FROM THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR DIESEL

Open the fuel tank cock. Unscrew the plug 3 (Fig. 46) on the fuel pump housing and the purge valve fitting 1 on the fuel fine filter by 1-2 turns. Using manual priming pump 2, bleed the system, closing sequentially, as fuel appears without air bubbles, the plug on the fuel pump housing and the fitting on the fine filter. Once the air is bled from the system, tighten the manual priming pump knob tightly.

CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE NOZZLE

Every 2000 hours of operation (with TO-3) remove the injectors from the diesel engine and send them to the workshop to check them on the stand.

CHECK ON THE DIESEL ANGLE OF STARTING THE FUEL SUPPLY BY THE DIESEL PUMP OF THE MTZ-82 TRACTOR

When the diesel engine is difficult to start, smoky exhaust, interruptions in operation, as well as when replacing and installing the fuel pump after TO-3 or repair, be sure to check the angle of the start of the fuel supply by the pump. Check the angle in the following sequence:

a) set the fuel supply control lever to the position corresponding to the maximum fuel supply;

b) disconnect the high-pressure pipe from the fitting of the first section of the pump and connect a momentoscope instead (a union nut with a short tube, to which a glass tube with an inner diameter of 1-2 mm is connected with a rubber tube);

c) turn the diesel crankshaft with a wrench until a jet of fuel without air bubbles appears from the glass tube;

d) remove part of the fuel from the glass tube and, shaking it and slowly rotating the diesel crankshaft clockwise, monitor the fuel level in the tube. At the moment when the fuel starts to rise, stop the rotation of the crankshaft;

e) unscrew adjusting bolt 1 (Fig. 47) from the threaded hole of the rear sheet and insert it with its non-threaded end into the same hole until it stops in the flywheel. In this case, the adjusting bolt must coincide with the hole in the flywheel (this means that the piston of the first diesel cylinder is set to a position corresponding to 24 ° before TDC). If the set bolt does not match the hole in the flywheel, have the adjustment done by a qualified technician.

When the engine is running, friction occurs when the parts that drive the mechanism move. They must be constantly lubricated to avoid dry friction. In the diesel engine of the Belarus tractor, some of the parts are lubricated under pressure, while others are lubricated by oil splashing.

Under the pressure created oil pump, lubricated:

• fuel pump drive gears ;
• crankshaft and camshaft bearings;
• intermediate gear bushings;
• valve mechanism.

Splash lubrication of the mechanism occurs during engine operation, as well as during circulation in the system.

This method is lubricated:

• pistons;
• sleeves;
• piston rings;
• oil pump drive;
• camshaft lobes.

In a running engine, the lubricant is gradually contaminated with wear products and dust. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the chemical effects of oxygen and the influence of metals, resulting in the formation of acids, resins and other harmful destructive substances.

Progress does not stand still, and gradually the best appears: mineral oils are being replaced by semi-synthetic and synthetic ones for low-speed diesel engines. Based on crude oil, it loses its beneficial features because of high temperatures and great pressure. In the combustion chamber, mineral water is coked, forming soot. When it comes into contact with a hot piston, a varnish is formed that causes burning piston rings. The result is wear and overhaul engine.

Synthetic oils were originally developed for jet engines. With time high tech became available to the common man. Developed in laboratories, synthetics do not contain natural chemicals that break down at high temperatures. Removed from it chemical compounds causing precipitation and oxidation. In addition, it withstands extremely high temperatures that a petroleum-based mineral water would not withstand.

Another advantage of synthetics is frost resistance. At low temperatures mineral lubricants thicken, making it difficult to start the engine. Synthetics do not thicken, and begin to work immediately after starting the engine.

Semi-synthetic oils are obtained by mixing synthetic and mineral oils. The addition of mineral reduces the cost, while synthetics give lubricant mixture their positive properties, prolonging the engine life and simplifying its start at low temperatures.

Life time

Filtration and lubrication systems have a direct impact on oil life. To separate harmful impurities, various engines tractor "Belarus", filtration and cleaning systems are used. In the D-36 engine, it is double. In a cast-iron housing fixed to the cylinder block, oil filters coarse and fine cleaning. A new variation has appeared in the D-40K model: purification is carried out using an installed centrifugal filter with a permanent filter element, the wear resistance of rubbing parts is increased and crankcase oil consumption is reduced.

It is recommended to change the oil every year or every 250 hours. More detailed information can be viewed in the chemotological map for a specific tractor model.

Chemical properties

Oils can be not only synthetic or mineral, that is, they differ in chemical properties given by the composition of the forming substances. The most important qualities them are:

Viscosity-temperature properties. Too much viscosity will impede circulation in the system and prevent penetration into small gaps. Low viscosity will allow the oil to flow out of the gaps, enter the combustion system and seep into the technological connections of the parts. The best option for engines is a lubricant with the lowest allowable viscosity, providing reliable fluid friction. quality oil thins less when heated and thickens less at low temperatures.

Stability is the ability of oils to retain their original beneficial properties. WITH greater characteristic stability, it has better resistance to high temperatures, atmospheric oxygen.

When interacting with metal, oxidation or corrosion occurs. Corrosive properties are due to the content of acids in the oil. They can appear both from poor-quality cleaning, and as a result chemical reactions, during circulation in the engine.

To improve the above properties, chemicals are added to them - additives.

Types of oils for tractor diesel engines

1. In summer diesel oil with additive DP-11, DSP-11;
2. In winter - also with DP-8 additive (GOST 5304-54); MS-14 GOST 1013-49;
3. Grease grease GOST 1033-51.

The letters in the marking indicate: D - diesel, P - the presence of an additive, C - thorough selective cleaning, the number (11 or 8) indicates the viscosity at a temperature of 100 ° C. In winter, it is recommended to use less viscous, in summer more viscous.

MS-14 is a selective oil, used as a base lubricant, today it has been discontinued.

Alternative oils

In the operating instructions for Belarus tractors, the manufacturer categorically prohibits the use of alternative options for engine lubrication. The information below is for your reference.

Oils with viscosity SAE-30, SAE-40, SAE-50 are not recommended to be poured into tractor engine V winter period. They are mainly used in shipping, as the engine is located in a closed engine room where the temperature is above 0°C.

For powerful forced engines in the summer, Dp-14 is used. This special oil for high speed diesels.

M-10G2 or M-10G2k - seasonal, in terms of viscosity it corresponds to SAE-30, in terms of operating characteristics API corresponds to class CC. It is mainly used for boosted naturally aspirated diesel engines operating in extreme conditions. It is a product of processing low-sulfur and sulphurous types of oil. The composition includes a sufficiently large number of effective additives that contribute to providing high thermal stability and use in harsh environments. Antioxidants, antiwear, neutralizing and detergent additives prevent the formation of high temperature deposits.

The letter "k" in the name means that it is designed for high-powered diesel engines of K-701 tractors and Kamaz vehicles. It also found wide application in ZIL cars and Ikarus buses.

M-10G2k analogues (SAE 30): Shell Rotella TX, Total HD 1-B, Texaco Ursa Extra Duty, Mobil Delvac 1200, Mobil Special, Gulflube XHD, ESSO Estor SDX, Castrol CRB-30, BP Vanellus.

Kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100°C is 11 mm2/s, which makes its use undesirable in winter.

Motor oil M-8G2 (GOST 8581-78)

The G2 series is obtained from low-sulphur and sulphurous grades of oil. M8G2 contains more effective additives than B2. It is applied for winter operation naturally aspirated or low aspirated diesel engines. Additives of the G2 group make it possible to use them in the most difficult conditions, where high temperature stability is important. The kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 8 mm2/s. Viscosity corresponds to SAE-20.

M-8G2 analogues: Shell Rotella 20/20W, Ravenol Formel Diesel 20W, Addinol Diesel, Nordix Diesel, Sintek Sintoil.

At temperatures below -30°C, M-4/8V2 oil is used. Viscosity corresponds to the SAE-20 class. Additives added to the composition do not allow it to thicken even at the lowest temperatures, making it optimal for use in the most frosty regions.

It should be remembered that the oil in a diesel engine darkens quickly enough. If black particles are already visible at a run of 800-1500 km, it means that detergent additives that remove soot from the engine have begun to work.

The tractor's diesel engine dirty the oil very quickly. This is related to the use of quality fuel. Therefore, it does not matter what you pour: synthetic or mineral - change it strictly on time. Do not rely on the super ability of synthetics.

If you decide to switch from synthetic to mineral oil engine does not need to be flushed. It is enough to drain the old oil. However, you should be aware of the oil cooler installed on most turbodiesel engines, in which is enough oil which, if mixed, can damage the engine. You can't just mix and match synthetic oil and mineral.

Do not add additives to modern oils. Everything you need is already contained in them and it is unlikely that you can somehow improve their properties.