Approved
By order
State Committee
Russian Federation
by press
dated October 15, 1997 N 108
Agreed
Russian Committee
trade union of cultural workers
July 2, 1997 N 05-12/031
STANDARD OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WHEN USING ROAD TRANSPORT
1.1. Car drivers must comply with general and
of this Labor Safety Instruction.
1.2. Persons who have passed the
special training, having a driver's license,
at least 18 years of age, fit for work for health reasons,
have undergone occupational safety training.
1.3. Admission and assignment of a driver to a specific vehicle
issued by order from the publishing house.
1.4. The driver is obliged:
observe and know the rules of the road;
internal labor regulations;
basic requirements for personal safety, fire safety
and occupational health;
traffic rules on streets and roads;
rules for using special clothing and personal equipment
protection;
know the design and maintenance of the car;
know and use available fire extinguishing means;
know the techniques of providing first aid to victims, be able to
apply them in case of accidents, and also immediately notify
administration about the incident;
have a driving license with you
a car issued by the traffic police and a waybill;
stop immediately upon a signal from the traffic police officer and officials
persons of the organization and, at their request, transfer it to them for verification
waybill and driving license.
2. Before you start
2.1. Receive a task and a waybill.
2.2. Receive the car after checking its condition.
2.3. The driver is obliged to familiarize himself with the route and
information about road conditions and check before leaving:
lubrication of all places according to the given lubrication chart
car models;
oil level in the crankcase;
cooling system;
gasoline supply in the fuel tank;
steering and tire pressure;
serviceability of brakes: hand and foot;
serviceability of lighting and alarm devices;
cleanliness and serviceability of the cabin, body and their locks.
2.4. Prohibited:
leaving the garage in case of the following malfunctions:
steering wheel play more than 25°;
damaged, not secured, connections not pinned, not
steering parts are tightened;
if complete braking cannot be performed once
pressing the pedal, fluid leaks from hydraulic drive
brakes, an air leak is detected from the pneumatic
drive, the pressure gauge does not work;
tire tread worn out, tire through damage,
the air pressure in the tire does not correspond to the established norm;
clutch slipping, incomplete disengagement, sharp jerks
when turned on, spontaneous shutdown or difficult
inclusion of any gear, malfunction cardan transmission,
defiant strong vibration when moving;
Broken main leaf or spring center bolt, unreliable
the wheel is fixed, the locking ring is faulty;
if the number, location and color of lighting and signal
devices do not correspond technical specifications factories -
manufacturers, headlights not adjusted, non-standard glass on
headlight;
if the windshield is defective, faulty or
There are no snow plows or rearview mirror.
3. While working
3.1. Carry out work according to the assignment received and follow
along the route indicated in waybill.
3.2. Loading and unloading should be carried out in specified places. At
In this case, the vehicle must be in a reliable static condition and
engine is turned off.
3.3. When driving the vehicle, you must strictly observe
Traffic Laws.
3.4. During the flight, observe the work and rest schedule. In parking areas
it is necessary to ensure the safety of the vehicle.
3.5. When towing damaged vehicles, observe
the following requirements:
the towed vehicle must have working brakes; If
they are not working properly, then it should be transported on a platform;
Only one person can be in the cabin of the towed vehicle.
driver;
the towed vehicle must be in good working order sound signal,
and in the dark - lighting in front and behind;
when towing with flexible hitch its length should be
within the range from 4 to 6 m;
the towing speed should not be more than 20 km/h (do not allow
towing in icy conditions).
3.6. When driving a car it is prohibited:
transfer control to another person other than a traffic police representative;
drive a car while intoxicated,
after drinking alcohol and narcotic drugs;
drive a car in a sick, depressed state or
with severe fatigue;
use the car for personal, selfish purposes;
carry out repairs, cleaning the car and other work when
running engine, as well as when engine not running on
descent, if there are no stops (shoes) under the wheels;
load and unload products with the engine running,
excluding spontaneous movement of the car;
rest or sleep in the cabin of a car with a working
engine;
move at a speed exceeding the requirements of the Rules
road traffic and above the maximum established for this
car;
transport people and goods technically faulty car,
as well as cargo not specified in the waybill;
to voluntarily deviate from a route determined by character
transportation
4. In emergency situations
4.1. In cases of traffic traffic accident stop
car until the arrival and investigation of a traffic police officer.
4.2. Provide first aid to victims.
4.3. If a car catches fire, start extinguishing with available
fire extinguishing means.
5. Upon completion of work
5.1. Park the car in a specially designated area
storage place.
5.2. Inspect the vehicle, check the steering,
brakes, operation of lighting devices, alarms.
5.3. Clear the cabin and body of debris and wash the car.
5.4. When the temperature (or expected temperature) is below 0 °C
drain the water from the cooling system.
5.5. Please report any defects found during the flight.
mechanics
5.6. It is not allowed to wash hands and other parts of the body with gasoline,
acetone, turpentine and other solvents. For this purpose
you should use soap or special solutions and pastes,
do not have harmful effects on the skin.
General provisions.
1) Gas installation The vehicle operates under an excess nominal pressure of 16 kgf/cm 2 or 200 kgf/cm 2 and therefore requires careful adherence to safety regulations.
2) Liquefied petroleum gas is released into the air in the form of a liquid, evaporates intensively, removing heat from the environment. Therefore, contact with liquid gas on the human body can cause frostbite.
Do not allow liquefied gas to come into contact with unprotected areas of the body to avoid frostbite.
3) For driving, maintenance and repair gas-cylinder car operating on liquefied petroleum or compressed natural gas, only persons who have undergone appropriate training, passed exams on the design of gas equipment, safety regulations and received a special certificate in the established form are allowed.
4) If gas leaks from a cylinder or gas equipment, evaporated petroleum propane-butane gas, which is 1.5 times more dense than air, poorly dissipates in the air, can form an explosive gas-air mixture, especially in enclosed spaces with pits, basements, etc. .P.
Compressed natural gas Lighter than air, in case of leaks it rises, accumulating in the room or going into the ventilation.
5) Therefore, the main safety requirement when operating a car on gas is to regularly thoroughly check the tightness of gas equipment and immediately eliminate the causes of detected leaks.
6) Check the tightness of gas equipment using a foam-forming, non-flammable (soap) solution or a leak detector.
BASIC SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1) Elimination of leaks should be carried out in the absence of gas in the system, being careful to prevent the formation of a spark when working with the tool.
It is prohibited to tighten nuts and connections, replace components and parts of the power system of gas-cylinder vehicles under pressure, or knock on fittings and gas pipelines.
2) Fill the gas cylinder only at a car gas station. gas station(AGFS, CNG filling station). Constantly monitor the presence and serviceability of the rubber gasket that seals the connector of the car’s refueling device with the AGZS refueling unit.
It is prohibited to be near the valves while filling cylinders.
3) Do not smoke or use open flames inside the car, engine compartment, in the premises of the Site.
4) Do not store cleaning materials and work clothes with the smell of gas odorant in the car, and special places must be allocated for this in the Site premises.
5) Make sure that the car is always equipped with a powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.
6) Long-term storage of a car in a garage should only be carried out when closed valves multivalve after gas has been exhausted from the system.
7) Before starting the engine after a long period of parking, in order to avoid an explosion of accumulated gas, you must open the hood, trunk and hatch of the engine compartment.
8) Stop the engine by turning off the ignition. When placing the vehicle for repairs or long-term parking it is necessary to produce gas from the system, for which, with the engine running on the seeker in idling mode (outside an enclosed space), close the flow valve of the multivalve and wait until the engine stops.
9) Carry out maintenance or repair of gas equipment, as well as other components (units) of the car only after gas has been exhausted from gas system supply, with the multivalve flow valve closed.
10) Repair a cylinder or multivalve only after draining the gas from the cylinder and purging it with air or neutral gas.
11) Fill the cylinder with gas in compliance with the rules of the gas filling station.
12) To avoid damage to the seals, close the fill and flow valves of the multivalve, as well as the manual valve of the gasoline EMC only by hand, without using any tools. There were cases of thread failures resulting in fire and death.
13) It is not allowed to operate a vehicle with an expired cylinder test (re-examination) period. The cylinder is subject to periodic inspection within the time limits specified by the “Rules”, which is carried out at special testing points that have permission from the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities. The date of the next test and the mark are placed on the cylinder plate with the corresponding mark in the “Passport”.
14) Before checking the electrical equipment on the car, make sure that there is no accumulation of gas in the engine compartment of the car and the surrounding area. Perform maintenance or repair of electrical equipment only with the battery disconnected. Avoid loose terminals and bare ends of live wires to avoid sparks or short circuits.
15) Do not check the operation of the gas EMC or the starting EMC of the reducer-evaporator by applying voltage directly from the battery with the control unit connected, as this may damage it.
16) In the event of a fire, if possible, close the flow valves on the cylinder, release the gas at high engine speeds, and turn off the ignition. Extinguish the flame with a powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, sand, rags, and clothing.
17) Adjustment of gas equipment in the engine compartment while the engine is running is carried out with extreme caution: attention should be paid to ensuring that clothing, hands and other parts of the body are not allowed to get into the area of the rotating parts of the engine.
In addition, the following measures must be observed for gas-diesel vehicles and buses:
To avoid pops and explosions of the gas-air mixture in the air filter or muffler, it is prohibited to operate gas-diesel vehicles at faulty systems gas supply restrictions;
It is necessary to monitor the fuel level in the fuel tank and avoid running out of fuel diesel fuel from the fuel tank in gas-diesel mode. Otherwise, there may be a moment when the ignition dose misses ignition and the unburned gas-air mixture in the muffler ignites;
Leaving or entering the vehicle park is carried out in diesel mode with the flow valve closed.
Operate a gas-cylinder vehicle on gas if external mechanical damage gas cylinder equipment, as well as in case of faulty gas equipment and gas leaks from the system;
Starting the engine and running it simultaneously on gas and gasoline;
Continue driving if you smell gas;
Operate a gas-cylinder vehicle after the next test (re-examination) of the cylinder has expired in accordance with the “Rules”;
Filling a gas cylinder with the engine running;
Filling a cylinder with liquefied gas to more than 80% of its total volume;
Carry out repairs to gas equipment, as well as any repairs to other components (units) of the vehicle with the engine running, as well as without exhausting gas from the power system or with the multivalve flow valve open;
Eliminate leaks in connections under pressure;
Repair a cylinder or multi-valve if there is gas in the cylinder;
Carry out welding or other types of work with an open flame without removing the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder from the vehicle;
Release gas from the power supply system or cylinder indoors;
Check the tightness of connections with an open flame;
Park or store a car with a gas leak.
a) When carrying out repair, installation and adjustment work, it is prohibited to use oily hoses, twisted or flattened rubber tubes.
b) Units gas equipment Can only be removed when cool.
c) It is forbidden to release compressed air from cylinders indoors. The air must be released into the atmosphere through a special exhaust device equipped with a noise suppressor.
d) Rubber gaskets must be placed under each cylinder mounting clamp.
e) Before installation of gas pipelines high pressure must be blown out with compressed air.
f) When carrying out electrical installation work, it is necessary to observe following rules:
· the battery mass must be disconnected;
· fixed wires should not rotate relative to the terminals of the devices;
· wires in the engine compartment should not touch heated engine parts;
· do not allow the metal parts of the gas equipment to touch the current-carrying terminals of devices and wire tips;
· wire insulation must not be damaged;
· wires should not be located on sharp edges and edges of gas equipment parts.
Related information.
1.1. The operation of vehicles is accompanied by hazardous production factors caused by high speeds movement of the car, rotating parts of the car, repair and adjustment of components and systems of the car in cramped conditions without special devices, operation of the car in hazardous areas when loading and unloading materials, structures and equipment, moving a vehicle near pits, trenches, energy systems and other hazardous production factors.
1.2. Use of flammable materials as fuel for engines internal combustion creates the possibility of a fire both when the vehicle is moving and when it is being repaired.
1.3. Harmful production factors affecting the driver include leaded gasoline, noise, vibration, insufficient lighting, exhaust gases containing highly toxic substances (acrolein, carbon monoxide, etc.).
1.4. Elimination or reduction of the impact of the listed dangerous and harmful factors on the driver of the car is achieved by implementing a set of organizational, technical and sanitary measures set out in the manufacturer’s instructions and this instruction.
1.5. Persons over 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, special training and have a certificate of the appropriate class for the right to drive a car, who have undergone introductory and on-the-job training are allowed to drive a car.
Permission to work in a car is issued by order of the organization or enterprise.
1.6. The driver is obliged to comply with traffic rules, internal labor regulations and labor safety instructions.
1.7. As special clothing for truck and special purpose drivers. The car is provided with cotton overalls and combined two-fingered mittens.
In winter on suburban lines with a length of 50 km, an additional jacket and cotton trousers with an insulated lining ().
1.8. Persons guilty of violating labor safety rules may be subject to disciplinary administrative or criminal liability.
1.9. Cars of all types of brands and purposes, trailers, semi-trailers must be fully equipped. And their technical condition must comply with the Rules technical operation rolling stock of road transport and traffic rules.
1.10. The driver's cabin must meet the following requirements: wind and side windows should not have cracks or shadows that impede visibility;
side windows must move smoothly by hand or using window lifting mechanisms;
Dips, torn places, protruding springs and sharp corners are not allowed on the seat and backrest;
the seats and backrest must be properly adjusted to ensure a comfortable driving position for the driver;
Cab door locks must be in good working order, eliminating the possibility of their spontaneous opening while the vehicle is moving;
heating devices of the cabin and passenger elephant must be in good working order;
the cabin floor should be covered with a rug;
The vehicle controls must have proper seals that prevent exhaust gases from penetrating into the cabin of the car or bus.
1.11. Engine power supply and cooling systems must be free of fuel, antifreeze oil and water leaks.
1.12. The technical condition of the steering must ensure smooth and reliable control of the front wheels at all vehicle speeds in all road conditions.
The steering wheel lift when the front wheels are positioned corresponding to the vehicle moving in a straight line should not exceed 25 0.
1.13. The technical condition of the brakes must ensure safe stopping of the vehicle and simultaneous braking of all wheels. Length braking distance car at fully loaded on a flat, dry road with a hard surface at a speed of 30 km/h should not exceed trucks load capacity up to 9 tons without load – 9.5 m, and with full load – 11.5 m, buses without load – 11.0 m.
The hand brake on all vehicles must reliably hold a fully loaded vehicle on a slope of 11.5 0.
1.14. The technical condition of the tires must guarantee the safe movement of the vehicle. The air pressure in the tires must comply with the standards.
1.15. Wheel discs must be securely attached to the hubs. The locking rings must be in good working order and correctly installed in their places. Cracks and bent wheel rims are not allowed.
1.16. The technical condition of the vehicle's electrical equipment must ensure starting the engine using a starter, uninterrupted and timely ignition of the mixture in the engine cylinders, trouble-free operation of lighting, alarm, and control devices, and also eliminate the possibility of sparking in wires and clamps.
1.17. A complete list of malfunctions and defects for which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited is given in the Traffic Rules.
1.18. Each car must be provided with stops (shoes) for placing under the wheels, a first aid kit, and a sign emergency stop and a fire extinguisher.
1.19. When sent on a long journey, the car is additionally equipped with trestles, a shovel, a towing device, a safety fork for the locking ring, and in winter, snow chains.
1.20. Smoking and use of open fire on the premises and production premises establishments are permitted only in specially designated areas.
1.21. Refueling a vehicle, regardless of the method, should only be done with the engine not running.
1.22. Leaded gasoline can only be used as engine fuel. It is prohibited to use it for other purposes (cleaning clothes, washing parts, etc.).
1.23. Car washing is allowed only at specially equipped stations.
1.24. Cars on sites should be installed in groups of no more than 10 units each. The distance between cars must be at least 1 m, and between groups - 10 m.
1.25. In the vehicle maintenance and repair area, it is prohibited to wash parts and clothing with flammable liquids (gasoline, kerosene, solvents, etc.), install vehicles with fuel leaking from the tank, and also refuel vehicles.
1.26. It is prohibited to use open fire to warm up the engine in winter.
1.27. In order to prevent fire, it is prohibited:
allow accumulation on the engine, its crankcase, exhaust pipe and muffler for dirt and oil;
leave used cleaning materials contaminated with oil and fuel in the cabin and on the engine;
operate faulty vehicle power system devices;
use gasoline and other flammable liquids to wash the engine;
If the fuel system malfunctions, supply gasoline to the carburetor directly from the container using a hose or other method;
smoke in the immediate vicinity of engine power system devices;
use open fire when identifying and eliminating faulty mechanisms, heat the engine with open fire.
1.28. A driver under the influence of alcohol, drugs or toxic substances is not allowed to work.
1.29. Failure to comply with the requirements of these instructions, the Technical Operation Rules and the Traffic Rules entails liability in accordance with the law.
2.Safety requirements before
start of work.
2.1. Before leaving the line, the driver is obliged to check the technical serviceability of the car, guaranteeing safety and uninterrupted operation on line. Particular attention should be paid to the serviceability of the brakes, steering, front and rear lighting, brake lights, turn indicators, check for fuel leaks, lubricant, oil and water (antifreeze), presence of fuel, lubricant and brake fluid, sufficient tire pressure, serviceability and availability of tools and equipment.
2.2. In gas-cylinder vehicles, it is necessary to check the gas equipment for leaks and serviceability at the control post.
2.3. Before leaving the line, the driver checks the serviceability of the vehicle by making a mark on the waybill.
2.4. Before releasing a car onto the line, the person responsible for the production of technically sound cars is obliged to check their readiness for work and make a note on the technical serviceability of the car on the waybill.
2.5. The driver is required to undergo a pre-trip medical examination with a note on the waybill.
2.6. Detected malfunctions of the gas equipment of the car are eliminated by qualified mechanics and adjusters at the gas equipment repair and adjustment site.
Before turning off the ignition, starting the engine or turning on the lighting of a gas-cylinder vehicle, it is necessary to check the connected space by opening the hood.
To heat the engine and power system of a gas-cylinder vehicle, eliminate ice formations and traffic jams, only hot air, water or steam.
2.7. Before starting the engine, the car must be braked and the gear shift lever must be placed in neutral position.
2.8. The car engine must be started only using the starter. Usage starting handle permitted in exceptional cases. In this case, the following must be observed Additional requirements security:
do not grasp the handle;
at manual adjustment advance the ignition, set the ignition later.
turn the starting handle from bottom to top;
2.10. Before sending the driver on a long journey, the administration is obliged to provide instructions on the specifics of work and safety measures, check the availability of tools, spare parts, a first aid kit, protective equipment extinguishing the fire.
3.Safety requirements
while working.
3.1.When working on the line, the driver is obliged to:
follow traffic rules and instructions from traffic controllers;
maintain the speed of the vehicle in accordance with the requirements of traffic rules, taking into account the condition of the road, but not higher maximum speed, set for of this car;
monitor instrument readings and the serviceability of all mechanisms and systems of the vehicle;
If a malfunction occurs that threatens traffic safety and the safety of the vehicle, stop the vehicle. Continuation of movement is allowed only after the malfunction has been eliminated.
3.2. Before leaving the cabin roadway The driver must make sure that there is no traffic both in the same direction and in the opposite direction.
3.3. When a car is forced to stop on the side of the road or at the edge of the roadway for repairs, the driver is required to install a warning triangle or a flashing red light at a distance of 25–30 m behind the car.
3.4. When repairing a car on the line, the driver must comply with the safety rules established for the repair and maintenance of the car. If the driver does not have the necessary equipment and tools, repairs are prohibited.
3.5. It is prohibited to allow persons who do not have the right to do so (agents, loaders, escorts, passengers, etc.) to repair the vehicle on line.
3.6. Before lifting part of the car using a jack, it is necessary to brake the car with the hand brake and install stops (shoes) under the wheels that cannot be lifted.
A wide pad must be placed on the ground surface under the jack.
3.7. When working on the line, cleaning materials contaminated with leaded gasoline must be burned behind the edge of the road away from the car, taking measures to prevent the spread of fire. In this case, the driver should not leave until the burned materials burn out.
3.8. During parking, drivers, loaders and other persons are prohibited from resting or sleeping in the vehicle while the engine is running.
3.9. The vehicle speed near work sites should not exceed 10 km/h on straight sections of the construction site and 5 km/h on turns.
3.10. While on the territory of an enterprise or warehouse, the driver is obliged to move from one place to another only along footpaths, ladders or floorings away from sources of increased danger (lifting mechanisms, work at height, power plants and power supply wires, etc.).
4. Safety requirements
in emergency situations.
4.1. In case of accidents, trains and other road incidents involving accidents with people, the driver. The person who committed the accident or caused the accident, as well as the driver who discovered this incident, regardless of the purpose of the vehicle and the work performed, are obliged to provide first aid, inform the health authorities and the police, provide a vehicle for transporting victims, etc. in accordance with the rules of movement on streets and roads.
4.2. If a fire occurs, you must stop the vehicle and immediately begin extinguishing it using a fire extinguisher in the cabin.
4.3. Sand, soil, felt felt or other blankets can also be used as fire extinguishing agents, with the help of which it is necessary to isolate the combustion site from air access.
4.4. In the event of a fire in the parking area or the territory of the enterprise, the driver is obliged to evacuate the car in accordance with the developed evacuation plan.
4.5. The driver is obliged to report all accidents, breakdowns and other incidents during the work shift to his immediate supervisor.
5. Safety requirements
upon completion of work.
5.1. Place the car in the designated place, disengage the clutch, and move the gear shift lever to the neutral position. Turn off the engine and turn off the fuel.
5.2. When accepting gas-cylinder vehicles from the line, it is necessary to check the gas equipment for leaks and serviceability at the control post.
5.3. When preparing a gas-cylinder vehicle for overnight parking or maintenance, it is necessary to close the valve on the cylinder and exhaust all the gas in the power system, then turn off the ignition.
5.4. Car washing should be done in specially designated areas. When the hose washer is open, there should be no open electric wires and live equipment.
TO category:
Garage mechanic
Safety precautions during vehicle maintenance and repair
General provisions.
1. Maintenance and repair of vehicles must be carried out in designated places, equipped with devices necessary to perform the established work (inspection ditch, lift, overpass, etc.), as well as lifting and transport mechanisms, instruments, fixtures and equipment. Posts for maintenance and repair must be located on the premises.
Workers must be provided with all the working tools and devices necessary to perform the work assigned to them. Rejection of tools and accessories should be carried out at least once a month with immediate removal of faulty ones from use.
2. Before being sent to maintenance and repair posts, vehicles must be cleared of dirt, snow and debris and washed.
3. After installing the car at a maintenance or repair station, a sign should be posted on the steering wheel: “Do not start the engine - people are working!”
4. When maintaining and repairing a vehicle on a lift in the working (raised) position, the plunger of the lift must be securely secured against spontaneous lowering with a stop (rod).
5. A vehicle installed at a maintenance or repair station, where forced movement of the vehicle is not provided, must be braked with a hand brake. Must be enabled low gear, the ignition is turned off (fuel supply) and at least two stops (wedges) are placed under the vehicle wheels.
Before starting work related to cranking and cardan shafts, you must once again check that the ignition is turned off, the fuel supply (for diesel cars), and release the hand brake lever. After completion of work, it is necessary to re-tighten hand brake and engage low gear.
6. When working on production lines, including those equipped with conveyors for forced movement of vehicles, the following rules must be observed:
— when placing a car on a carrying conveyor with two plate belts, it is necessary to comply with the rules specified in paragraph 5 of this paragraph;
— when placing a car on a carrier conveyor with one belt or on a conveyor on which movement is carried out by a traction chain, the car must first be braked, chocks placed under the wheels, and the ignition or fuel supply turned off (for diesel engines), then before moving using the conveyor, you must release the handbrake, remove stops and various objects from under the wheels, and set the gear shift lever to the neutral position;
— production lines must be equipped with light and sound alarms to warn workers about the start of the movement of vehicles from post to post. The start of the conveyor should be carried out only by the work manager (foreman) after receiving readiness signals from all work stations;
— when signaling the start of the conveyor movement, workers must leave the inspection ditch and move away from the conveyor to a safe distance. It is prohibited to remain in the vehicle while it is moving;
— to ensure the possibility of an emergency stop of the conveyor at any time, “Stop” buttons must be mounted at each post in the ditch, as well as at the top outside the ditch;
— conveyor traction chains must have side guards; it is prohibited to leave tools and other objects on the conveyor traction chain;
— the passage of people across the ditch must be carried out on transition bridges that have stairs to exit the ditch to the side, installed between the vehicles on the nocfrax;
— car maintenance work must be carried out in the sequence and in the order specified in the technological maps drawn up on the basis of the conditions for a rational and safe organization of work. Technological maps must be posted at workplaces.
7. Workers repairing vehicles outside inspection ditches, overpasses or lifts must be provided with deck chairs or mats. It is prohibited to work on the floor without planks or mats.
8. When performing work related to replacing axles or removing wheels, as well as hanging a car (trailer), it is necessary to place trestles under the suspended car (trailer), and stops for the wheels that have not been removed. It is prohibited to perform any work on rolling stock suspended only on lifting mechanisms. It is prohibited to use wheel rims, bricks and other objects instead of trestles for placing under suspended rolling stock. By their design, trestles must protect the car or trailer from falling, be durable, stable and provide ease of use.
When removing and installing springs of all types and designs, it is necessary to first unload them by hanging the body lifting mechanism and placing on trestles.
It is prohibited to lift (hang) the vehicle by towing hooks.
9. Maintenance and repair of the vehicle while the engine is running is prohibited, with the exception of adjusting the power supply systems and electrical equipment of the engine and testing the brakes.
10. On dump trucks with the body raised, it is allowed to carry out technical interventions only after installing a strong metal stop (bar), which eliminates the possibility of spontaneous or accidental lowering of the body.
When replacing the lifting mechanism, removing lift units and disconnecting pipelines, it is necessary to install a second stop.
It is prohibited to place a body with a load on a stop, as well as to work with a damaged or incorrectly installed stop, or to use various random supports and pads instead of a stop.
11. When repairing and servicing rolling stock with high bodies or cabins, workers must be provided with stepladders with steps at least 15 cm wide or special scaffolding. It is not permitted to use ladders for these purposes.
The length of the step ladder or scaffold must be such that the worker can work while standing on a step 1 m from the top end of the ladder.
12. Before servicing and repairing vehicles on rotary stands (tilters), it is necessary to securely secure them, drain fuel and water, tightly close the engine oil filler neck and remove the battery.
13. When repairing and servicing a tank vehicle for transporting flammable and explosive goods, the following rules must be observed:
— the tank must be grounded;
— when performing work inside the tank, workers must have special clothing, hose gas masks, life belts with ropes, and a specially trained assistant must be located outside the tank (reservoir). He must insure the person working in the tank, observing his work, hold on to the rope, the other end of which must be attached to the worker’s life belt.
13. All dismantling and installation transport work, produced with heavy units and assemblies (axles, engine, gearbox, body, frame, springs, etc.), as well as associated with large physical stresses (for example, removal and installation of brake and valve springs, spring pins, etc. ) should be done using:
— lifting and transport mechanisms with load-handling devices;
— special devices (pullers) that guarantee complete safety of work.
Carts for transportation must have sockets, stands and stops that protect units and components from falling and spontaneous movement on the platform.
Before dismantling, oil and water from all units and components must be drained into special containers, preventing them from spilling.
14. When servicing and repairing vehicles operating away from the garage, you should follow all the rules listed here, using possible means of mechanization.
Washing of cars, units and parts.
1. During the car washing process, the following requirements must be met:
— the stream of water during an open hose (hand) washing should not reach open current-carrying conductors and live equipment;
- for any washing method (manual or mechanized), lighting sources, wiring and power engines must be hermetically sealed;
— workplace During mechanized washing, the washer must be located in a waterproof cabin;
— electric control units, as a rule, should be low voltage (12 V).
When installing mechanical and electrical locking of cabinet doors magnetic starters, waterproofing of starting devices and wiring and grounding of casings, cabins and equipment, power supply of magnetic starters and control buttons of washing installations is allowed at voltages up to 220 V.
Ramps, ladders and paths along which the washer moves when hand wash, must have a rough (corrugated) surface.
2. Washing automobile units and parts must be manufactured in compliance with the following requirements:
— before washing engine parts and its power supply systems running on leaded gasoline, it is necessary to neutralize tetroethyl lead deposits in kerosene;
— the concentration of alkaline solutions should be no more than 2-5%; after washing in alkaline solution Rinsing with hot water is required;
— washing stations must have reliable ventilation; work using open flames in the area of such posts is prohibited;
— car washing and cleaning stations should be located in a separate room;
— units and parts weighing over 20 kg must be delivered to the washing station by mechanized means.
Movement of rolling stock within the garage area.
1. Driving rolling stock in the garage territory is permitted only to persons (regardless of their position) who have a certificate for the right to drive the relevant types of vehicles, issued by the State Traffic Inspectorate. This provision remains valid even if it is necessary to test them after repair and adjustment.
2. Traffic on the territory and in production premises is regulated by road signs. It is prohibited to introduce non-standard road signs.
The speed of movement in the territory should not exceed 10 km/h, and in production premises - 5 km/h.
The movement of rolling stock and personnel is organized in the garage (on the territory and in production premises) on the basis of a drawn up plan-scheme, which must indicate permitted directions, turns, stops, parking, exits, exits, etc. This plan must be communicated to the attention of all workers and posted in several places on the territory and in production premises.
3. While vehicles are moving at any speed, people are not allowed to be on the fenders, steps or roofs of the cabs.
Battery repair.
1. Batteries must be transported on trolleys in such a way that there is no possibility of them falling. Carrying small batteries manually should be done using devices (grabs, stretchers) and subject to measures to prevent dousing with electrolyte.
2. When cooking acid electrolyte follows:
- mix sulfuric acid with distilled water in special vessels (ceramic, plastic, etc.);
- It is necessary to pour the acid from the bottles into water. It is prohibited to pour water into acid;
— acid transfusion should be done using special devices (rocking chairs, siphons, etc.). It is prohibited to pour acid manually.
3. Acid or electrolyte bottles should be carried by two people on a stretcher or carried on a cart by one person. In this case, the caps on the bottles must be tightly closed.
4. Charging batteries must be carried out in special rooms equipped with separate supply and exhaust ventilation. Indoors, batteries should be placed on charging racks or in fume hoods.
Chargeable batteries are connected to each other with tight-fitting (spring) clamps that have a reliable electrical contact, eliminating the possibility of sparking. It is prohibited to connect battery terminals with wire “twist”.
Monitoring the charging progress or state of charge of the batteries in the car is permitted only with the help of control devices (thermometer, load fork, hydrometer, etc.). Testing the battery with a short circuit is prohibited.
To inspect batteries, portable electric lamps with voltages up to 36 V are used. The lamp cord must be enclosed in a hose.
5. It is prohibited:
— enter the battery room with an open flame;
— use electric heating devices in the charging room;
— install rectifiers, motor-generators, electric motors, etc. in the charging room;
- store and charge acidic and alkaline batteries together in one room rechargeable batteries;
— presence of people, except for duty and maintenance personnel, in the charging room.
At the entrance to the battery vestibule there should be a poster with the inscription "Battery - flammable - no smoking."
6. The battery room should have a separate washbasin, soap, cotton wool in packaging, a towel and a closed vessel with a 5-10% neutralizing solution of baking soda (a teaspoon of soda per glass of water). To wash the eyes, 2-3% neutralizing solutions should be used.
If acid or electrolyte comes into contact with your body, immediately wash the affected area with a neutralizing solution and then with soap and water.
Electrolyte spilled on the shelves must be wiped off with a rag soaked in a neutralizing solution, and spilled on the floor - first sprinkle with sawdust and collect it, then wash off the area with a neutralizing solution and wipe with dry rags.
8. Upon completion of work in the battery, you must thoroughly wash your face and hands with soap.
Forging and spring works.
1. Before starting work (forging) with a hammer, you must:
- check idling pedals and the presence of fencing; warm up the hammer strikers with a piece of hot metal, pressing this metal between the upper and lower strikers;
— at a low speed, place the hammer head on the forging in order to ensure full contact of the forging with the plane of the lower striker.
When forging with a hammer it is prohibited:
- idle hit the upper firing pin against the lower one;
— insert your hand into the striker stroke area and place the forging with your hands;
— wipe the hammer and remove any debris and scale.
2. Installation of the anvil should ensure a horizontal position of the working surface. This surface should not be wet or oily. It is prohibited to place foreign objects on it.
When forging by hand, a blacksmith should not apply a tool or change the position of the forging without warning the hammerer about it. He should hold the tool so that the handle is not against him, but to the side. The command “Hit!” Only a blacksmith can give it to a hammerman. On the command “Stop!” the hammer hammer is obliged to immediately stop working, no matter who gives the command.
The workpiece must be placed in the middle of the anvil so that it fits tightly to the anvil.
3. It is forbidden to forge metal cooled below 800° C, use unheated tools (pincers, mandrels) and touch a hot workpiece with your hands, even with mittens.
When performing work with forgings heated to white heat, it is necessary to use glasses with blue or smoky lenses, and when performing work in which the formation of sparks, fragments or scale is possible, use safety glasses.
When cutting metal, it is necessary to install portable shields in the direction where pieces of metal can fly off.
4. The pliers for holding forgings must be selected in size so that when gripping a forging, the gap between the plier handles is at least 45 mm.
The hardening that occurs on the tool during work must be removed.
5. When manufacturing or repairing springs:
- use a special stand for bending the ears, equipped with a clamping screw to secure the strip;
— straighten sheets only on a special installation that has limit switches for reversing the electric motor;
- cut off sheets only in a heated state;
- store sheets, springs and cushions only in a horizontal position on special racks.
Bodywork and tinsmithing works.
1. Repairing cabins, bodies, adjusting wings and other parts is permitted only after they have been reliable installation on special stands (stands) or mandrels. It is prohibited to adjust parts of the car while suspended. Repairs to the body and cabin must be carried out using special scaffolding or stepladders.
2. Carrying, straightening and cutting sheet metal parts is only permitted while wearing gloves.
When making parts and patches from sheet steel or when cutting out damaged areas, sharp corners, edges and burrs must be cleaned.
Patches during welding, as well as damaged areas of the body or cabin cut out by welding, must not be held by hand. When working together, body tinsmiths and welders must wear safety glasses and gloves.
Metal scraps generated during the work must be placed in special boxes, and small metal waste must be removed only with brushes.
It is necessary to level the seams with an emery stone placed on the end of a flexible hose; The stone must have a protective casing.
3. Work associated with the release of harmful fumes, as well as work on cleaning parts before soldering or tinning, should be carried out at workplaces equipped with panels, additional local ventilation, and not under exhaust hoods.
4. Welding and soldering of containers containing flammable liquids ( fuel tanks, barrels, etc.) should be carried out after careful processing. Such containers must first be rinsed with hot water, steamed with live steam, then rinsed again with caustic soda and dried with hot air until traces of flammable liquids are completely removed.
Welding or soldering is carried out with open plugs, and it is allowed to be carried out by first filling the container with hot water or continuously supplied inert gas (nitrogen, exhaust gases) according to Table. 170.
When filling containers of a larger volume than indicated in the table, at least 12-15 minutes are required for every 1000 liters of container capacity being repaired.
Exhaust gases are supplied to the container from the car engine, operating at low speeds, through a hose through a spark arrester and spark arrester.
Soldering radiators, fuel tanks and other large parts must be done on special stands (stands) equipped with trays for solder drainage.
When cleaning the radiator tubes with a cleaning rod, you should keep your hand on opposite side tubes. It is forbidden to insert the cleaning rod until the handle stops in the tube.
5. Acid pickling must be done in an unbreakable, acid-resistant container (the use of glass containers is prohibited) and only in a fume hood with a small amount of zinc being lowered into the acid at the same time.
It is necessary to store flux and the material for making flux in a fume hood, and solder in special metal boxes.
6. Blowtorches must be inspected and tested once a month. Faulty lamps must be sent in for repair immediately.
When working with a blowtorch, the following must be observed:
— before ignition, check its serviceability;
— the blowtorch reservoir should not have cracks or seals with fusible solder.
Prohibited:
- light a faulty lamp;
- fill the lamp with gasoline to more than 3L of its tank capacity;
- tighten the filler cap until it stops;
- pour or pour out fuel and disassemble blowtorch near open fire;
— light the blowtorch, pouring fuel through the burner nipple. The burner can be removed only after the compressed air has been released;
- pour fuel into hot lamps;
— release compressed air through the filling hole of the burning lamp. The flame must be extinguished with shut-off valves;
— if malfunctions are detected (leakage of the tank, gas leakage through the burner thread, deformation of the tank, etc.), work with the lamp must be stopped immediately;
- It is prohibited to pour aviation or leaded gasoline into the blowtorch.
Vulcanization and tire fitting works. 1. Persons who have undergone special training and received a certificate for the right to carry out these works are allowed to perform vulcanization work.
Vulcanizing steam apparatus must be inspected and tested at least once a year, with test results recorded in a special journal.
When working on a vulcanization apparatus, it is necessary to constantly monitor the water level in the boiler, the steam pressure on the pressure gauge and the operation of the safety valve. When the water level decreases, it can be pumped up only in small portions.
The safety valve must be adjusted to the maximum permissible operating pressure and in this position it is sealed.
The pressure gauge must be checked at least once a year. Its dial must have a red line along the division corresponding to the maximum operating pressure.
It is prohibited to work on a faulty vulcanizing machine, as well as on a machine with faulty safety valves, pressure gauge, or water pump. If the pump is faulty, stop working, remove the fuel from the firebox and release the steam. It is prohibited to extinguish fuel with water.
Steam sources for powering vulcanization equipment are operated in compliance with the general safety requirements for boilers and pressure vessels.
Vulcanizing steam plates and molds must have working pressure gauges with an indicator of the maximum permissible steam pressure and thermometers. Electrovulcanization devices are subject to all safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations.
Roughing machines must be equipped with devices for local dust extraction, reliably grounded and have a drive guard.
2. Mounting and dismantling of tires must be done on a stand or on a clean platform, and on the road - on a spread mat.
When removing the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the inner tube must be completely released. Removal of a tire tightly adhered to the wheel rim must be carried out with a puller. It is prohibited to knock out discs with a sledgehammer.
Before mounting the tire, the rim must be cleaned of rust and painted; Do not mount the tire on a rim that has dents, cracks or burrs, or use wheel rims and removable flanges that do not match the tire size.
The retaining ring (split flange) must fit securely into the rim recess with its entire length. inner surface. Correcting the position of the tire on the rim while inflating it is possible only after the air supply has stopped.
When inflating a tire, do not use a hammer or sledgehammer to knock down the circlips.
Inflating a partially flat tire without dismantling it is permitted if the air pressure has decreased by no more than 40% compared to normal.
Inflating the tire of a wheel removed from a car must be done only in a special fence or with the help of a safety device (fork) of sufficient strength and size. A pressure gauge must be installed at the tire inflation station.
Before removing a wheel, you must make sure that the car is securely installed on the trestles, and that the wheels that have not been removed are supported by supports.
If the driver takes part in the maintenance of the vehicle assigned to him, he must undergo safety training. When performing maintenance and repairs, the driver must follow the following safety rules.
The vehicle is placed for servicing only after it has been cleared of dirt, snow and after washing. The vehicle should be brought to the service station at the lowest speed, carefully observing the position of the wheels relative to the guide flanges of the ditch or overpass. Before entering or exiting a ditch, overpass, or floor lift, the driver must ensure that there are no people, tools, or devices obstructing the vehicle's movement.
The vehicle is suspended using lifting equipment (jacks, hoists, lifts). When hanging a car or one of its units, you must strictly follow the rules for using lifting equipment. It is prohibited to carry out any work with the car suspended on hoists or jacks with the wheels removed. In this case, under the front and rear axle Strong stands (trunks) must be installed. When hanging one wheel (axle), a trestle should be installed next to the jack, and stops should be placed under the wheels of the other axle. Servicing the lifting mechanism of a dump truck with the body raised is allowed only after the body is reinforced with a metal stop that prevents its spontaneous lowering.
When placing a car on an electromechanical lift, it is necessary to install stops under its wheels. To avoid arbitrary lowering when the vehicle is suspended, height-adjustable stop rods or folding metal ladders must be installed under the frame of the hydraulic lift. Before starting maintenance, a sign must be posted on the lift control mechanism with the inscription “Do not touch - people are working under the car!”
Work in an inspection ditch. After installing the car above the inspection ditch, a sign must be mounted on the steering wheel with the inscription “Do not start the engine - people are working!” When working in a ditch, tools and accessories should be placed in niches and portable lamps with a voltage of no more than 36 V should be used. The engine can be started and tested only at posts equipped with suction ventilation. People are not allowed to be in the ditch when parking or moving the vehicle.
Removal and installation of vehicle components, as well as their transportation, must be carried out using lifting and transport mechanisms equipped with grippers that guarantee the safety of work. It is prohibited to use cables and ropes instead of grippers when removing, transporting and installing units and assemblies. The units must be transported on trolleys equipped with stands and stops that protect them from shifting and falling during transportation.
Use of tools and devices. When servicing a vehicle, only tools that are in good working order and suitable for their intended purpose should be used. It is not allowed to use any levers or extensions to increase the leverage of wrenches, or to use a chisel or hammer to loosen nuts and bolts. Before working with a hand-held power tool, it is necessary to check the reliability of its grounding, and work with it while standing on a rubber mat.
Start the engine. Before manually starting the engine, make sure that the starting handle pin is firmly secured and that the handle itself is not bent.
To avoid damage to the hand from a kickback, the handle should be held so that all the fingers of the right hand are located on one side of the handle. You only need to turn the engine crankshaft from bottom to top. Turning the engine from top to bottom and around is not allowed.
Installation and dismantling of tires. Dismantling tires in ATP conditions should be done on a special stand or using a puller. It is prohibited to knock out discs with a sledgehammer. When mounting the tire, the locking ring must fit into the recess of the wheel rim with its entire inner surface. When inflating tires in a garage, you should use a special guard to prevent the locking ring from falling off.
When inflating on the road, the tire should be placed with the locking ring down or the mounting paddle should be placed in the rim windows. Tubeless tires should be pumped with the spool turned out. To ensure fit on the rim, these tires must be inflated to double the internal pressure, and then, by screwing in the spool, the pressure is brought to normal.
It is prohibited to dismantle one of the dual wheels without using a jack by running the second wheel onto a brick, board or other object.
TO category: - Garage mechanic
Study Question #1.
Introduction
Lesson No. 10.1. Safety and environmental protection
DEVICE AND MAINTENANCE
VEHICLE"
Topic No. 10. Safety and environmental protection
Lesson No. 10.1. Safety and environmental protection
for training specialists in VUS-837 “drivers of category “C” vehicles”
Moscow 2011
Topic No. 10. Safety precautions and environmental protection(SLIDE No. 2)
Study questions (SLIDE No. 2)
- General safety requirements for vehicle operation.
- Danger of poisoning from exhaust gases, gasoline and other toxic operating fluids.
- Safety rules when using electrical appliances. Occupational safety during loading, unloading and transportation of goods, during installation and dismantling of tires.
- Fire safety measures, fire extinguishing rules for vehicle.
- Key measures to reduce harmful effects on environment when operating and repairing a vehicle.
- Measures to reduce toxicity and smoke levels of exhaust gases from automobile engines
Time: 2 hours.
Location: audience.
Type of lesson: lecture.
Guidelines
Justify to students the importance of the educational issue under consideration. The main provisions should be written down in the notes.
Give specific examples from car operating experience.
Pay attention to the correct note-taking.
Present educational material using frames in Microsoft PowerPoint, diagrams and posters.
Maintain connection with the audience.
Quality control of learning material is carried out by a short survey on the material presented.
Summarize the issue discussed and proceed to present the next educational issue.
Draw conclusions based on the lesson material, summarize the lesson, answer students’ questions. Give a task for independent work.
For operation and repair automotive technology The Armed Forces use a wide range of fuels, special technical fluids and oils, the operation of which must comply with a number of environmental requirements. In addition, when maintaining the vehicle and operating it, you must follow safety regulations. Today you will learn the basics of safety and environmental protection when operating vehicles.
By law, motor transport is classified as a source of increased danger, and military units and enterprises that own sources of increased danger are responsible for harm caused by a source of increased danger, unless they prove that the harm arose as a result of force majeure or the intent of the victim.
Sources of increased danger in parks can be:
Violation of safety requirements when installing power, lighting, heating, steam-air and other communications in the park;
Incorrect relative placement of individual elements of the park;
Weak control for the performance of work and the condition of machines, equipment and mechanisms;
Poor organization of workplaces, violation of sanitary and hygienic standards;
Lack of training of workers and insufficient instruction on safety requirements;
Insufficiently clear organization of internal services in the park and failure to fulfill official duties by persons on daily duty;
Moving cars and other machines.
To work with increased danger in parks relate:
Operations with lifting machines;
Installation and dismantling of heavy equipment;
Loading, unloading, working at height in the absence of scaffolding, stepladders and other special devices and working in unsuitable conditions;
Excavation work in the area where energy networks are located;
Electrical and gas welding work for the repair of containers (both inside and outside) containing flammable, explosive and aggressive substances;
Work in bunkers, tanks, cisterns, wells, pits, etc.;
Work with toxic, technical and aggressive liquids;
Operation of electrical installations and other work.
Maintenance and repair of machines must be carried out in specially designed and appropriately equipped workplaces (posts). Each workplace must have approved safety instructions. Each workplace must be equipped with racks for removed parts, tools and fixtures.
Safety requirements when performing maintenance and repair work on machines:
The vehicle must be braked with the parking (mountain) brake, the gearbox must be in low gear, the ignition (diesel fuel supply) must be turned off, at least two stops (shoes) must be installed under the wheels (tracks);
A sign is hung on the steering wheel or control levers with the inscription “Do not start the engine - people are working”;
If the removal of units (assembly units) or parts is associated with great physical stress or creates inconvenience in work, it is necessary to use special devices (pullers) that ensure safety and ease of work;
Units and components weighing more than 20 kg must be moved using lifting mechanisms;
It is prohibited to lift (hang) the machine by towing hooks and work under a suspended machine mounted on jacks alone;
Carry out maintenance of machines only with the engine not running, except for cases when engine operation is necessary for diagnostic and adjustment work;
Starting the engine and moving off the vehicle is permitted under the condition complete safety people near her. Before starting the engine or starting to move, a long sound signal is given;
When servicing the machine from below, outside of an inspection ditch, overpass or lift, specialists are required to use deck chairs. It is prohibited to work without planks (bedding) on the floor (ground);
Equipment, tools and devices must be in good working order and comply with GOST requirements;
It is necessary to follow the rules for using installation tools, do not use heavily worn or incorrectly sized wrenches, tools with a faulty or incorrectly threaded working part, broken or poorly fitted handles;
When servicing machines on a lift, a sign must be posted on the lift control mechanism with the inscription “Do not touch - people are working”;
When servicing machines on a lift, the plunger of the lift in the working (raised) position must be securely fixed with a stop (bar), ensuring that spontaneous lowering is impossible;
When performing maintenance on machine units (assembly units) located high above the floor level, stable stands or stepladders are used. The width (depth) of the steps of the stairs should be at least 0.15 m, the distance between the steps should not be more than 0.3 m. The steps of the stairs should not be slippery.
Rice. 1. Safety requirements when performing maintenance work
and machine repair (SLIDE No. 4)
Rice. 2. Safety requirements when working under the machine (SLIDE No. 5)
Rice. 3. Safety requirements when performing work in an inspection pit (SLIDE No. 6)
Fig.4. Safety requirements when performing work in an inspection pit (SLIDE No. 7)
Rice. 5. Safety requirements when repairing cars with high bodies (SLIDE No. 8)
Rice. 6. Safety requirements when performing welding work (SLIDE No. 9)
Rice. 7. Safety requirements when performing tank welding work (SLIDE No. 10)
Rice. 8. Safety requirements when performing adjustment work (SLIDE No. 11)
