All components of the vehicle must work properly to ensure it maximum performance... However, parts wear out over time. Therefore, they need to be periodically changed and, if necessary, balanced. This is especially true for the flywheel.

What is a flywheel?

A flywheel is the disc-shaped component of a car that connects to the crankshaft. Although it has virtually no moving parts, it is essential for the proper functioning of the crankshaft. Its main task is to create inertia for some parts of the car. In addition, it connects the starter and the shaft, which ensures the start of the engine.

This is a rather massive element of the car, which prevents the pistons from staying motionless. Thanks to large mass it allows you to easily start the movement of other mechanisms.

However, due to the high mass, one problem is created - balancing. If this element has a displaced center of gravity, then rotation leads to the emergence of additional forces. Displacement occurs for various reasons, whether it is marriage, wear of a part or incorrect installation... However, it is important that these forces lead to vibration, which is extremely dangerous for the car parts.

In this part of the vehicle, even slight vibration can cause significant damage to parts. The destruction of the starter, crankshaft and other components is not the limit if this factor is neglected. Therefore, it is important to monitor the flywheel's center of gravity and balance as necessary.

Balancing Basics

Balancing is the process by which the center of gravity returns to the geometric center of the flywheel. Especially often it is carried out after the procedure to facilitate this detail, which is often practiced by motorists. Balancing is extremely important, otherwise destructive forces can act on the engine.

Several types of imbalance on the flywheel are noted, among them:

• static;
• instant;
• dynamic.

In the static case, some kind of mass appears on the axis of the part. Because of this, the axis of the device is displaced relative to the axis of rotation, which leads to vibrations. Instantly, additional masses appear at the edges of the part. If the flywheel does not move, then vibrations do not occur, but when rotating, they can manifest themselves extremely strongly. The last option is dynamic. It combines the previous types of imbalance.

Advice! To eliminate dynamic imbalance, wheel balancing is often carried out. It helps to avoid this effect.

Often to eliminate similar problems the car is being taken to the service. There, the flywheel is carefully balanced, returning the center of gravity to its original position. However, this procedure can be carried out without outside help, carrying it out at home. Difficulties are at least here

Balancing a flywheel with your own hands

Most simple solution is static balancing. Although it can be done different ways, then one of the simplest will be used. It allows you to completely carry out the procedure without special tools.

To begin with, it is important to determine the point where the weight is shifted. To do this, a metal rod is threaded through the center of the flywheel, which can withstand such a weight without deformation. If there is still a shaft in its design, then it can be used for this task. Next, you need to take two straight supports and fix them in parallel.

Important! It is worth carrying out this procedure with a water level, because the slightest miscalculation can lead to erroneous conclusions during the diagnostic process.

Further, the flywheel is located on these supports. The heaviest side will then move downward, turning the axle. This will give an idea of ​​the approximate location of the center of gravity. By the way, for the same task, you can replace the straight supports with a vice, clamping the shaft on which the part is located.

Although the craftsmen recommend hanging weights for balancing, often the excess metal is simply drilled out. The problem is that this not only leads to a decrease in the total weight of the flywheel, but it can also simply render the part unusable.

It is also possible to carry out weight balancing if the part has a bearing. The idea is the same, there are several weights and a flywheel at an angle. Rotating gradually and determining the lack of weight, you need to place the weights until the part is completely balanced. Many people consider this option more convenient, because the flywheel is not fixed anywhere and is constantly suspended.

Services often perform dynamic balancing of this element. It is more reliable and faster, and the result is an absolute balance of detail. This approach is recommended to everyone, but for this you need to go to the service. It is almost impossible to carry out such a procedure on your own, because this requires a special stand with equipment. In addition, it uses not only the flywheel, but also the crankshaft and clutch.

So for independent work better fit static balancing. It allows you to quickly and quite well return the center of gravity to its place, using only available means. Although this is done faster and more accurately at the stand, this option is suitable for budget repairs.

And for a better understanding of the flywheel balancing procedure, it is recommended to watch this video. Shown here is a fixed part on which you can determine the offset of the center of gravity. This is the basis for further balancing procedures:

Shaft is a part of machines and mechanisms designed to transmit torque along its longitudinal axis. The most common shafts are assembled with impellers, pulleys, sprockets, etc. installed on them.

Like any other mechanical part, the shaft may be incorrectly installed in bearing supports, have inhomogeneities in the density of the material, irregularities in the manufacturing geometry and insufficiently accurate fit of parts rotating with it, etc. As a result of the above reasons, unbalanced masses appear in the rotating shaft, causing low-frequency vibration of the shaft. These vibrations can be so significant that they can lead to bending of the shaft and complete destruction of bearing assemblies and other parts of the machine. This is why it is so important to balance the effect of unbalanced masses by performing a shaft balancing procedure.

Earlier, we have already considered the types of rotor imbalance and the corresponding types of balancing - static and dynamic. It was noted that the accuracy of dynamic balancing is an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy of static balancing, and that for rotors whose diameter is much larger than the length (pulleys, impellers, sprockets), it is possible to limit ourselves to carrying out only static balancing.

With regard to the case of assembled shafts (for example, a shaft with an impeller), in most cases it is possible to limit ourselves to static balancing of the impeller and dynamic balancing of the assembled shaft on the machine and / or in its own supports. In fact, a perfectly balanced shaft assembly is a shaft with separately balanced parts, then balanced as an assembly on a machine, and finally balanced in its own bearings.

As the statistics of BALTECH, a recognized expert in balancing, show, proper balancing of the shafts of rotating machines increases the service life of impellers and impellers by 23% -100%, and also increases their useful power by 10% -25%.

The balancing of the shafts in their own supports must be entrusted to specialists. technical service"BALTECH", armed with the most modern balancing instruments - mobile sets "PROTON-Balance-II" and BALTECH VP-3470 and the multi-plane balancing program BALTECH-Balance.

The main production line of the BALTECH company is the production of modern pre-resonance horizontal, vertical and automatic type for rotors of a wide variety of configurations, weights and dimensions. Let's consider in more detail the possibilities of balancing machines "BALTECH" on the example of a vertical balancing machine of the BALTECH VBM-7200 series.

Balancing machines of the BALTECH VBM-7200 series are designed for one-plane or two-plane balancing of shafts and parts (impellers, pulleys, disks, etc.) without shaft journals. With regard to our case of balancing shafts, these machines also carry out balancing of the cutting tool and chucks.

The shaft balancing procedure takes only a few minutes and includes:

• Input of geometrical parameters of the balanced shaft;
• Starting the balanced shaft in rotation and taking the automatically calculated data on the value and angle of installation of the correction mass.
• Installation / removal of the correction mass.

We especially note that high speed and measurement accuracy is achieved through the use of the BALTECH-Balance program, standard functionality which allows you to carry out multi-plane (up to 4 planes) and multi-point (up to 16 points) balancing with instruments for measuring the amplitude and phase of vibration of any manufacturer.

In order to gain deep theoretical knowledge and professionally master the skills of working with balancing machines and BALTECH devices, we recommend that you sign up for the nearest Course TOP-102 “Dynamic Balancing” in Training center company BALTECH.

It happens that on the engine it is necessary to replace the flywheel, its ring gear or clutch basket after replacing the listed parts, and even after replacing (after flushing oil channels), it must be balanced. If you neglect this operation, then your engine, even with an increase in the speed of the car to only 70 km / h, will begin to vibrate strongly due to imbalance. Naturally, this cannot be allowed, and crankshaft, before installing it on the engine, you need to balance it. How to make a simple device for balancing in just a couple of hours, and what it takes to do this, we will consider in this article.

Most automobile or motorcycle factories balance their crankshafts assembled with a flywheel and a clutch basket, and some, such as the crankshaft of a Dnepr motorcycle or a Zaporozhets car, also balance their assembly with a centrifuge. This must be taken into account and before balancing, put all parts on the crankshaft, and even a pulley or gear on the front of the shaft, if, of course, they exist in the design of your engine.

Well, of course, all the connecting rods, complete with pistons, rings and fingers, will need to be weighed and achieved exactly the same weight. Many factories (usually domestic ones) neglect this, therefore, I advise even at the first engine repair, be sure to weigh the above listed parts and if there is a difference in weight, eliminate it (by removing excess metal).

By the way, when forcing the engine, many mechanics facilitate the flywheel by grinding it, and after lightening the flywheel, it is also necessary to balance the crankshaft, assembled with a lightweight flywheel.

Crankshaft balancing device.

The balancing device, which will be described in this article (see photo), is very simple and anyone, even an inexperienced locksmith, can make it. For work, you need a little profile pipe, or a corner, a steel bar with a diameter of 12 - 16 mm, (you can use a construction one), a grinder, etc.

First, you will need to make a base - a frame, approximately 400 x 400 or 500 x 500 mm in size, which is welded from a corner or a profile pipe (the width of the corner or pipe is 45 - 60 mm). In general, the dimensions of the frame and the device itself depend on the length of your crankshaft, because if you need to balance the crankshaft from the truck, then naturally this device will need to be made of larger sizes.

After you weld the frame and clean the welds, in two corners of the frame (numbers 1 and 2 in the photo) and in the middle of the opposite pipe (number 3 in the photo), you will need to drill holes (their diameter depends on the thickness of the bar from which studs). Nuts are welded to the holes from above, the diameter of the internal thread of which depends on the diameter of the three studs that you buy or make from a bar.

Why are there only three studs and not four in each corner of the frame? Because in order to set the frame strictly horizontally before balancing (using a level), it is enough to twist only three pins, and the fourth only complicates the adjustment. On each stud, you will also need to screw locknuts, which, after adjusting the frame, are counterbalanced. At the top of each stud, it is useful to grind two flats for a wrench with a grinder, so that later it would be easy to twist them when adjusting the level.

Now you will need to drill four holes with a diameter of 14-16 mm closer to each corner of the frame. In these holes are inserted and clamped with nuts 4 studs (stands) made of a bar, about 14-16 mm thick, and about 250 mm long (the length of all four studs is absolutely the same).

Now, on the top of each pair of studs - racks, you need to put on two corners (20 - 40 mm wide and about 300 mm long) of the corner, (before that, we drill holes in the corners). We put on the corners and grab them by welding so that their sharp edge is at the top, the crankshaft will fit on this edge. You will get two U-shaped racks located opposite each other (like two horizontal bars). That's all - the device for balancing the crankshaft in the garage or even at home is ready!

Crankshaft balancing.

Before balancing, you first need to set the device strictly horizontally, relative to the Earth's gravity. To do this, first we lay the level on the corner (20 mm) of the U-shaped rack located near the numbers 1 and 2 and twist the pins 1 and 2 until we achieve its absolutely horizontal position and, accordingly, the corner on which it lies.

Then we unfold the level perpendicularly and lay the level across, that is, immediately on two corners of both U-shaped racks, and by rotating the pin 3, we achieve an absolutely horizontal position of the entire device as a whole.

By setting the fixture exactly horizontally, you can lay the crankshaft complete with parts on it as in the photo. If there is an imbalance, then the crankshaft will immediately begin to turn, that is, roll along the edge of the corners until the center of gravity of the parts is in the very bottom point(Earth's gravity helps us). Naturally, this imbalance (preponderance) must be eliminated.

To eliminate the overweight, you need to drill out excess metal in the heaviest (bottom - indicated by an arrow in the photo) part of the flywheel to remove excess weight... But how do you know exactly this weight. For this, to the lightest opposite side flywheel (top) you need to glue the magnets different weight or pieces of a large magnet (you can break the speaker magnet into pieces).

It will be necessary to add (glue) magnets to the flywheel until the crankshaft, complete with parts, no matter how you turn it at the corners, should lie motionless (not roll to the right or to the left). All magnets that have been glued must be weighed, and this exact weight will be the overweight (imbalance). Now there are a lot of Chinese electronic scales on sale - you will need to buy them, they are not expensive (or ask to weigh the magnets in the store).

Now it will be necessary to drill so much metal from the flywheel so that the weight of the chips is the same as the weight of the magnets that compensate for the imbalance. When drilling, it is advisable to lay a cloth under the flywheel so that the chips can be collected and weighed. But practically one hole drilling (about 7 - 8 mm) is always not enough, and you have to drill several. If you have a milling machine, you can mill out excess metal in the flywheel. But the main thing is not to overdo it in this matter, otherwise you will then have to drill on the opposite side of the flywheel.

By the way, if you have a pulley, gear or centrifuge at the other end of the crankshaft, and you changed them and not the flywheel, then you will need to balance with these parts (as in the photo) and drill the excess metal into them, and not in the flywheel. Well, if you changed the clutch basket, then you need to balance your crankshaft with the basket fixed to the flywheel (here you can drill out excess metal in the basket, where the holes for its fastening are).

And finally, I will add that this device can also be used to check the runout of the crankshaft using an indicator rack from a dial. To do this, you will only need to drill two holes in the upper corners (on which the crankshaft fits) and fix two prisms on them, on which the crankshaft will subsequently fit, to check its beating with an hour indicator.

I hope this article will help all drivers who like to do everything on their own car, and who, using this device, can easily balance the crankshaft in their garage.

For the sake of completeness, as well as for everyone to understand how the balancing of the crankshafts of any engine affects the softness of its operation, watch the video below; success to all!

To save costs going to Maintenance in a car service, you can perform balancing crankshaft in a garage. The article describes options for how you can balance the crankshaft with your own hands.

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Why balancing crankshafts?

With an imbalance of the crankshaft, the mass is unevenly distributed along and across the axis, that is, the balance is disturbed: one edge is lighter than the other. The main cause of lateral unbalance is wear of shaft parts during long-term operation.

Crankshaft balancing is carried out to reduce stress and vibration on components power unit... This operation makes it possible to increase the performance of the engine and extend the service life. Basically balancing is necessary for worn-out engine elements, but there are cases when balancing needs to be done. new car.

It is possible to determine whether balancing of the crankshaft is necessary by the behavior of the gear shift knob: it begins to dangle when moving on Idling... The same goes for the engine: if the engine jerks when idling.

The reasons for the appearance of problems may be different:

• poor quality manufacturing of associated parts;
• heterogeneity of the material used for the crankshaft;
• backlash resulting from a violation of the gaps between mating elements;
• poor quality assembly;
• inaccurate centering;
• natural wear and tear.

After replacing the flywheel or its ring gear, clutch basket, it is necessary to balance the crankshaft. If you do not follow this procedure, then even at low speeds, the motor will begin to vibrate due to imbalance.

Where to balance the crankshaft - repair options

There are two ways to balance the crankshaft:

DIY balancing procedure

Balancing can be done in a car service, where, of course, the procedure will be carried out more accurately, or in your own garage. To carry out the procedure at home, you need to make a special device - a machine on which the flywheel will be installed. There is nothing complicated. Even a person who does not have locksmith experience can make such a machine with his own hands.

Adaptation

First of all, you need to weld the frame, which will serve as the basis of the machine. The dimensions of the frame and attachments depend on the length of the crankshaft. For manufacturing, you need a profile pipe and a corner. After making the frame and grouting the joints, in two corners of the frame and in the middle of the opposite pipe, you need to drill holes for three studs. Nuts with an internal thread diameter equal to the diameter of the studs, which are made from iron rods, are welded to the holes.

Before balancing, the frame must be set strictly horizontally using a level. It is easier to do this if it stands on three pins than on four. After adjustment, the locknuts should be screwed onto the welded nuts from above. Next, you need to make holes near each corner of the frame for 4 rods with a diameter of 14-16 mm, which will act as racks. The length of the rods should be the same - about 250 mm.

Now you need to take 4 corners 2-4 cm wide and about 30 cm long and drill holes in them with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the racks. On each pair of racks, a corner is put on with the ribs up. The corners need to be welded. It turns out a device resembling a horizontal bar with bars: opposite each other, stands in the form of the letter "P" are installed. The crankshaft will be installed on these struts. Thus, the crankshaft balancing machine is ready.

Sequencing

Balancing the crankshaft with a DIY device consists of the following steps:

1. First of all, you need to set the machine strictly horizontally. To do this, the level is first placed on one corner crossbar. Then you should tighten the studs-racks until the corner is located strictly horizontally. Next, turn the level perpendicularly, put it on two corner-crossbars at the same time and twist the hairpin drilled in the middle of the pipe. We achieve complete horizontality of the entire structure.
2. When the machine is exposed, it is possible to install the crankshaft assembly with accessories on it. If there is an imbalance, the shaft will rotate around the corner until the heaviest point is at the lowest point. This imbalance (overweight) needs to be eliminated.
3. To eliminate the overweight, you need to remove the excess metal at the bottom (heavy) point of the flywheel. You can use small magnets to determine the exact weight of the metal to be drilled. They need to be hooked on the opposite, light side of the flywheel. The magnets should be hooked until the crankshaft assembly with parts turns over, but lies motionless.
4. Having achieved stationary position crankshaft, you need to remove the magnets and weigh them on a scale. This will be the weight that needs to be removed to correct the imbalance.
5. Now so much chips are removed from the flywheel so that its weight is equal to the weight of the magnets that we weighed before. A rag should be placed under the device to collect and weigh the shavings. Sometimes several holes have to be drilled, since one with a diameter of 7-8 mm is usually not enough. The main thing is not to drill more than necessary, otherwise you will have to drill the flywheel from the opposite side.
6. If the heavy point falls on some part of the flywheel that has changed, for example, a pulley. Then you need to drill this detail. If the clutch basket has been changed, then excess metal is removed in it near the holes for its attachment.

With this hand-made device, you can easily balance the crankshaft. Of course, it is difficult to achieve accuracy without special equipment, but you can save money on visiting a car service.

Video "Crankshaft balancing"

This video demonstrates how to properly balance the crankshaft.

For a perfectly balanced electric motor, the axis of inertia of the rotor must coincide with the axis of rotation. But quite often during the operation of the unit, an imbalance occurs, extraneous noise and increased vibration. These signs indicate the need for a balancing procedure for the electric motor.

The rotor of the engine is a complex structure consisting of several elements. Each of them is endowed with its own density, probable microdefects and various deviations. All this can cause an imbalance, the value of which can reach critical indicators. Then the balancing of the electric motor becomes the only condition for extending the life of the unit.

The rotor or armature of the motor can be balanced in two ways:

· In dynamic mode;

· In static mode.

The inertial forces arising during the rotation of the rotor and the inertial moments of forces caused by unbalance depend on angular velocity... Based on this, for electric motors with quiet running, balancing in a static mode is used, and high-speed units are balanced in a dynamic mode.

Static balancing has several disadvantages, including: the duration of the procedure, a large number of measurements and calculations. But the main disadvantage of balancing an electric motor in a static mode is an insufficiently accurate reduction in the unbalance indicator.

But professionals know how to perform balancing with maximum accuracy, therefore, if there is a need for such a procedure, it is recommended to contact experienced specialists in their field.

Our company performs high-quality balancing of all types of electric motors. We provide services by reasonable prices and in the most short time... Call our phone number listed on the site, we will be happy to help you !.

OUR OPPORTUNITIES

Dynamic balancing of vertical and horizontal rotors and shafts

Balancing in own supports at the Customer's enterprise

Balancing on machines

Diagnosing the reasons that impede balancing

Identifying the causes of equipment malfunction

Equipment balancing result

Reduced vibration and increased stress

Increased service life of bearings, couplings and seals

Reducing the likelihood of emergency equipment failure

Reducing electricity consumption

After balancing, all results are recorded in the form of a balancing protocol, reflecting the name of the equipment, accuracy class, geometric parameters, the tolerance band, as well as the initial and final unbalance levels.

Balancing stages

Measurement of initial vibration

Setting a test weight with a known mass

Re-measuring vibration

Calculation of the correction weight and the angle to the installation Installing the weight on the rotor (or metal removal)

New vibration measurement until a result is achieved

Our Balancing Videos:

During operation electric motors rotating parts, in particular the shaft, can get various defects and damage. This may be a defect in the journal of the shaft or its curvature, the shaft may "sink" if the rotor plates are overtightened and some other damage.

After carrying out any repairs on electric cars, v mandatory balancing of the shafts. This procedure can be carried out in a static or dynamic mode. For low-speed machines, static balancing is usually performed, and on units with high rate stroke - dynamic balancing.

For balancing, special machines are used, in which the motor shaft is placed. The work is quite laborious and responsible, therefore, it is unlikely that it will be possible to perform it on your own with high quality. It is better to entrust the implementation of this task to professionals who have sufficient experience and skill in carrying out the procedure.

For static balancing, a special machine with prisms mounted on a support structure is used. The shaft is placed on the working surfaces of the prisms, then the location of the load is determined at one end of the part for balancing. This eliminates static imbalance. After that, the shaft is balanced according to the established rules.

During dynamic balancing, the balance weights are placed on the two ends of the shaft. High-speed shafts have their own runout at each end, which is caused by imbalance. Further, the master performs balancing until the maximum reduction in imbalance indicators.

Our company provides services for balancing the shafts of all types of electric motors. We do our work efficiently, quickly and inexpensively! Call our specialists if you need to perform balancing, they will be happy to answer all your questions!

Balancing ventilation of electric motors

Dynamic balancing of the ventilation system of the electric motor is one of the many operations performed to further smooth operation rotating mechanism. Such balancing is carried out either on special balancing machines or on the engine's own mountings.

Why is ventilation balancing done?

All rotating mechanisms are subject to balancing, as well as their elements separately. In case of poor-quality balancing, the engine can begin to vibrate, make noise, lose power, increase energy or fuel consumption. This leads to failure of individual parts of the electric motor or its entirety.

When an asymmetry (displacement of the axis of rotation) or, in other words, an imbalance occurs in a rotating system, troubles immediately arise due to an increase in vibration. The higher the rotation speed, the more pronounced the manifestations of the imbalance become.

The service - "balancing the ventilation system", is provided by our company! Our staff includes only highly qualified specialists who are able to perform this task quickly and efficiently.

If you want to pay as little as possible and pay for the repair of electric motors, then you must follow the operating rules for these devices:

* Balancing the ventilation of the electric motor must be carried out in a timely manner;

* Constantly monitor the health of the equipment;

* The electric motor must be operated with the parameters corresponding to the technical data sheet of the unit;

* Increased vibration phenomena lead to additional loads on the entire engine or its individual parts.

If you need balancing of the ventilation system of the electric motor, then dial the phone number indicated on our website. We will fulfill this work efficiently and on time, and the engine after balancing ventilation will work properly for many years!

Balancing rotating parts

Our organization is engaged in dynamic balancing of ventilation systems, anchors of electric motors, pulleys, shafts, impellers and other rotating parts both on their supports and on balancing machines.

What is balancing for?

Balancing is a native word for both the car and any other equipment with rotating parts. All rotating parts are subjected to this operation. Flywheel, crankshaft, clutch, cardan shafts, wheels, pulleys, fans, etc. You can't list everything. And it is worth fiddling around here, as the imbalance will immediately declare itself with shaking, vibrations, noise exhausting the soul, rapid wear of bearings, loss of power, increased power consumption or fuel consumption, etc. premature wear and breakdown of other parts, and in some cases all equipment.

An imbalance occurs when the rotating system is even slightly unbalanced. It is worth slightly shifting the axis of rotation from the center of the part or making this part non-circular at least a fraction of a millimeter (or simply non-uniform in density) - the imbalance with its companions shaking, vibrations and wear is right there. It manifests itself, however, with an increase in the speed of rotation. For example: at a speed of 100 km / h and there is an imbalance of 15-20 g on a 14-inch wheel, the load on the disc will be similar to striking it with a three-kilogram hammer at a frequency of 800 times per minute.

And so the conclusion!

1. If you want to pay less and less often for repairs, follow the rules of operation industrial equipment... Balance on time.

2. The equipment must be in good working order, and the parameters of its operation must correspond technical data sheets... Rotating parts of machines (shafts, pulleys, fans, etc.) must be balanced both as separate parts and as an assembly.

3. Vibration of parts causes additional loads on the part itself and on the parts associated with it.

GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Manufacturing equipment. General requirements security

1.1. Production equipment must ensure the safety of workers during installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation both in the case of autonomous use and as part of technological complexes, subject to the requirements (conditions, rules) provided for by the operational documentation.

Note. Operation includes general case intended use, maintenance and repair, transportation and storage.

2.1.2. The design of production equipment must exclude, in all envisaged modes of operation, loads on parts and assembly units that can cause destruction, posing a danger to workers.

2.1.11. Design of production equipment driven by electrical energy, should include devices (means) to ensure electrical safety.

2.1.13. Production equipment, which is a source of noise, ultrasound and vibration, must be designed so that noise, ultrasound and vibration in the specified conditions and operating modes do not exceed the permissible levels established by the standards.