In the car, it is designed to protect the working unit from overheating and thereby controls the performance of everything motor block. Cooling is the most important function in engine operation internal combustion.
The consequences of an internal combustion engine cooling malfunction can be fatal for the unit itself, up to full exit cylinder block failure. Damaged components may no longer be subject to restoration work; their maintainability will be zero. You should be very careful and responsible when using it and periodically flush the engine cooling system.
By controlling the cooling system, the car owner directly takes care of the “heart health” of his iron “horse”.
Purpose of the cooling system
The temperature in the cylinder block when the unit is running can rise to 1900 ℃. Of this amount of heat, only part is useful and is used in the required operating modes. The rest is removed by the cooling system beyond engine compartment. Increase temperature regime exceeding the norm is fraught with negative consequences that lead to burnout of lubricants, violation of technical clearances between certain parts, especially in piston group, which will lead to a reduction in their service life. Overheating of the engine, as a consequence of a malfunction of the engine cooling system, is one of the causes of detonation of the combustible mixture supplied to the combustion chamber.
Engine overcooling is also undesirable. In a “cold” unit, a loss of power occurs, the thickness of the oil increases, which increases the friction of unlubricated components. The working fuel mixture partially condenses, thereby depriving the cylinder walls of lubrication. At the same time, the surface of the cylinder wall is subject to corrosion due to the formation of sulfur deposits.
The engine cooling system is designed to stabilize the thermal conditions necessary for the normal functioning of the vehicle engine.
Cooling system types
The engine cooling system is classified according to the method of heat removal:
- cooling using liquids in a closed type;
- air cooling in open type;
- combined (hybrid) heat removal system.
Currently, air cooling in cars is extremely rare. Liquid may be open type. In such systems, heat is removed through a steam pipe into the environment. A closed system is isolated from the external atmosphere. Therefore this type is much higher. At high blood pressure the boiling threshold of the cooling element increases. The refrigerant temperature in a closed system can reach 120℃.
Air cooling
Natural forced air cooling is the simplest method of heat removal. Engines with this type of cooling release heat into the environment using radiator fins located on the surface of the unit. This system has a huge disadvantage in functionality. The fact is that this method directly depends on the small specific heat capacity of the air. In addition, there are problems with the uniformity of heat removal from the motor.
Such nuances prevent the installation of both an efficient and compact installation. In the engine cooling system, air flows unevenly to all parts, and then the possibility of local overheating must be avoided. Following design features, cooling fins are mounted in those parts of the engine where air masses are least active due to aerodynamic properties. Those parts of the engine that are most susceptible to heating are placed towards the air masses, while the “colder” areas are located at the rear.
Forced air cooling
Engines with this type of excess heat removal are equipped with a fan and cooling fins. This set of structural components allows air to be artificially pumped into the engine cooling system to blow over the cooling fins. A protective casing is installed above the fan and fins, which directs air masses for cooling and prevents heat from entering from the outside.
The positive aspects of this type of cooling are the simplicity of design features, light weight, and the absence of refrigerant supply and circulation units. The disadvantages are the high noise level of the system and the bulkiness of the device. Also, forced air cooling does not solve the problem of local overheating of the unit and diffuse airflow, despite the installed casings.
This type of engine overheating warning was actively used until the 70s. Operation of the engine cooling system with forced air type was popular in small cars Vehicle Oh.
Cooling with liquids
The liquid cooling system is the most popular and widespread today. The process of heat removal occurs with the help of liquid refrigerant circulating through the main elements of the engine through special closed lines. Hybrid system combines elements of air cooling simultaneously with liquid. The liquid is cooled in a radiator having fins and a fan with a casing. Also, such a radiator is cooled by incoming air masses when the vehicle moves.
The liquid cooling system of the engine produces minimal noise during operation. This type collects heat everywhere and removes it from the engine with high efficiency.
According to the method of movement of liquid refrigerant, systems are classified:
Engine cooling system design
The liquid cooling design has the same structure and elements for both gasoline and diesel engines. The system consists of:
- radiator block;
- oil cooler;
- fan, with casing installed;
- pumps (pump with centrifugal force);
- a tank for expanding the heated liquid and controlling the level;
- refrigerant circulation thermostat.
When flushing the engine cooling system, all these components (except the fan) are affected for more efficient further operation.
Coolant circulates through lines inside the block. The set of such passages is called the “cooling jacket”. It covers the most heat-prone areas of the engine. The refrigerant, moving through it, absorbs heat and carries it to the radiator unit. Cooling down, it repeats the circle.
System operation
The radiator is considered one of the main elements in the engine cooling system. Its job is to cool the refrigerant. It consists of a radiator sheath, inside of which tubes are laid for the movement of liquid. The coolant enters the radiator through the lower pipe and exits through the upper one, which is mounted in the upper tank. On top of the tank there is a neck closed with a lid with a special valve. When the pressure in the engine cooling system increases, the valve opens slightly and fluid enters the expansion tank, which is attached separately in the engine compartment.
There is also a temperature sensor on the radiator, which signals the driver about the maximum heating of the liquid through a device installed in the cabin on the information panel. In most cases, a fan (sometimes two) with a casing is attached to the radiator. The fan is activated automatically when the critical temperature of the coolant is reached or is forced by a drive with a pump.
The pump ensures constant circulation of coolant throughout the system. The pump receives rotational energy by means of a belt drive from the crankshaft pulley.
The thermostat controls the large and small circle of refrigerant circulation. When the engine is first started, the thermostat circulates liquid in a small circle in order to motor unit warmed up faster operating temperature. The thermostat then opens a large circle of the engine cooling system.
Antifreeze or water
Water or antifreeze is used as coolant. Modern car owners are increasingly using the latter. Water freezes at sub-zero temperatures and is a catalyst in corrosion processes, which negatively affects the system. The only advantage is its high heat transfer and, perhaps, accessibility.
Antifreeze does not freeze in cold weather, prevents corrosion, and prevents sulfur deposits in the engine cooling system. But it has lower heat transfer, which has a negative effect in the hot season.
Malfunctions
The consequences of a cooling malfunction are overheating or undercooling of the engine. Overheating may be caused by insufficient fluid in the system, unstable work pump or fan. Also malfunction thermostat when it should open a large cooling circle.
May be caused by severe contamination of the radiator, slagging of lines, bad work radiator caps, expansion tank or low-quality antifreeze.
The engine cooling system in every car is responsible for the stable and trouble-free operation of the internal combustion engine (ICE). After all, if cooling does not occur properly, this can lead to overheating of the internal combustion engine, and then to expensive repairs. This article will discuss the engine cooling system, its operating principle and design, as well as solving some problems that arise during operation.
Working principle and main function
The main function of the cooling system is to remove excess heat coming from the internal combustion engine and prevent it from overheating. And in winter period time, it provides heating of the car interior using a heater radiator. IN standard systems circulation, it cools the heated parts, and in modern cars performs another series additional functions, such as:
- Cools the working fluid Automatic transmission.
- Cools the oil in the lubrication system.
- Heats the air.
- Cools exhaust crankcase gases.
The principle of operation of the engine cooling system is as follows: the cylinders located in the cylinder block are surrounded by a so-called “water cushion” of coolant (coolant), which constantly circulates, thereby achieving the optimal operating temperature.
Antifreeze and antifreeze are used as coolant, and as an exception, distilled water can be added.
Over time, these liquids precipitate, which negatively affects normal cooling. In order to prevent this, the coolant should be replaced according to the regulations service book. To understand how the engine cooling system works, the first step is to consider the device diagram.
Device diagram
The engine cooling system circuit consists of the following direct parts:
- cooling radiator basic;
- radiator fan;
- water pump (pump);
- cooling jacket(water cushion);
- thermostat ;
- heater radiator;
- expansion tank.
Such schemes are almost similar for diesel and gasoline engines, there is only a slight difference in the very principle of operation diesel engine. Each of the details plays important role for stable and proper operation engine cooling systems, and if one of them fails, this may lead to overheating of the internal combustion engine, which will result in time-consuming and costly repairs. It is necessary to consider each element separately.
Radiator and fan
The radiator of the engine cooling system is one of the main elements and is designed to dissipate into the atmosphere the heat removed from the internal combustion engine by the coolant, and is also responsible for the temperature of the engine. Structurally, the radiator is made of many tubes with fins that increase heat transfer.
The engine cooling fan is designed to improve the efficiency of the radiator. There are 3 types of them, depending on the drive:
- Electric.
- Hydraulic.
- Mechanical.
The most common fans with electric drive. The fan is activated when the coolant sensor is activated, thereby increasing the air flow. If the radiator honeycombs are clogged, you can try to clean them using special means, sometimes this method helps.
Water pump
The pump in the car is designed for constant circulation of working coolant. A water pump often has two drives: belt or gear. In cars whose internal combustion engine is additionally equipped with a turbocharger, in addition to the main pump, an additional one is installed, which provides more efficient cooling of the turbocharger and charge air.
The “water jacket” is a system of coolant circulation channels that pass through the cylinder head (cylinder head) and serve to remove excess heat, thereby cooling the internal combustion engine.
Thermostat
The next important component is the thermostat. Its main purpose in the engine cooling system is to regulate coolant flows, accelerate engine warm-up and maintain the specified operating temperature in all modes internal combustion engine operation. The thermostat is often installed in the pipe coming out of the radiator.
At a high temperature of the internal combustion engine, the valve in the thermostat opens and the coolant circulates in a large circle, connecting the radiator to operation. In other words, when the thermostat is closed, it moves coolant through a small circle in the “water jacket”, and when it is open, it directs the coolant to the radiator.
Visually, the heater radiator is similar to the main radiator, but it is smaller in size and is installed inside the car. Its main task is to heat the car interior in winter. By the way, its breakdown is a common malfunction in winter, and, for example, in Kalina cars, it often fails due to inconvenient fastening, and as a result, heat stops flowing into the car interior.
Expansion tank with valve plug
The engine cooling system expansion tank is designed to maintain required level coolant. Over time, during operation and the temperature of the fluid changes, its volume also changes, which must be compensated by adding coolant. It is necessary to always monitor the level and in case of minimal permissible level top it up. Also an important detail is the expansion tank valve cap.
The most common faults
During the operation of the vehicle, problems may arise. various malfunctions with cooling. The most common ones should be considered: air in the cooling system, system pressure, thermostat or pump failure, leak.
Airiness is perhaps the most common malfunction that occurs; it is caused by air that entered the system while adding coolant. In order to eliminate it, the air must be vented.
Overpressure in the engine cooling system may damage rubber pipes or radiators. Simply put, they can simply be torn apart. Acceptable values vary from 1.2 to 2.0 atmospheres. The expansion tank valve cap is responsible for normal pressure, which, if necessary, opens and releases excess steam.
If the thermostat or pump fails, such a breakdown can be eliminated by replacing it with new part. There are cases when a motorist finds traces of a leak, but still needs to get to the nearest service station, then in order not to overheat the internal combustion engine, they use sealant for the engine cooling system. It is intended to create a seal at the site of the leak, however, it is often not recommended to use it, this is only a last resort.
You can repair the engine cooling system yourself, but if the motorist has little skills, it is better to entrust this task to specialists from a service station.
Bottom line
It's time to summarize the information presented. Engine cooling plays an important role for proper and stable operation car. You should not forget to monitor the condition of the components responsible for cooling, and add it as coolant leaves the expansion tank.
Question 38: Cooling system. Kinds. Purpose, device, principle of operation.
The cooling system serves to remove heat from the hottest engine parts, maintaining an optimal temperature in the system (80-95 C).
There are the following types of cooling systems:
liquid (a closed liquid cooling system is used, connected to the atmosphere through a valve. Excessive pressure in the system allows you to increase the boiling point of the liquid, which eliminates excessive vaporization.)
air (open type);
combined.
Scheme fluid system cooling:
1) Liquid circulation pump (pump)
2) Fluid heater (cooling jacket of the cylinder block and cylinder head)
3) Thermostat
3a) Bypass valve
3b) Main (radiator) valve
3c) Thermosensitive element
4) Carburetor and intake manifold heating unit
5) Temperature indicator
6) Interior heater radiator
6a) Radiator control valve
7) Main radiator
8) Fan with electric motor
9) Expansion tank
10) Expansion tank plug
10a) Steam valve
10b) Air valve
11) Coolant drain valve
When the engine starts, the liquid circulates in a small circle:
pump (1) heater (2) open valve (3a) pump (1)
When the engine warms up ~80C, valve (3a) closes and valve (3b) opens. Both circulation circles are working. When 90°C is exceeded, valve (3a) is completely closed, and (3b) is completely open and all the liquid circulates in a large circle.
The cooling system is designed to maintain normal engine thermal conditions. When the engine is running, the temperature in its cylinders rises above 2000 degrees, and the average is 800 - 900oC! If you do not remove heat from the “body” of the engine, then within a few tens of seconds after starting, it will no longer become cold, but hopelessly hot. The next time you can start your cold engine only after it has been overhauled. The cooling system is needed to remove heat from the mechanisms and parts of the engine, but this is only half of its purpose, although it is the larger half. To ensure a normal working process, it is also important to speed up the warm-up of a cold engine. And this is the second part of the cooling system. Typically, a liquid cooling system is used, closed type, with forced circulation of liquid and an expansion tank (Fig. 25).
The cooling system consists of:
cooling jackets of the block and cylinder head,
centrifugal pump,
thermostat,
radiator with expansion tank,
fan,
connecting pipes and hoses.
In Figure 25 you can easily distinguish two circles of coolant circulation. The small circulation circle (red arrows) serves to warm up a cold engine as quickly as possible. And when the red arrows are joined by the blue ones, the already heated liquid begins to circulate in a large circle, cooling in the radiator. Leads this process automatic device– thermostat. To monitor the operation of the system, there is a coolant temperature indicator on the instrument panel. The normal coolant temperature when the engine is running should be between 80-90°C (see Fig. 63). Engine cooling jacket consists of many channels in the block and cylinder head through which coolant circulates. Centrifugal pump causes fluid to move through the engine cooling jacket and the entire system. The pump is driven by a belt drive from the engine crankshaft pulley. The belt tension is regulated by the deflection of the generator housing (see Fig. 59a) or the tension roller of the engine camshaft drive (see Fig. 11b). Thermostat designed to maintain constant optimal thermal conditions of the engine. When starting a cold engine, the thermostat is closed, and all the liquid circulates only in a small circle (Fig. 25) to warm it up as quickly as possible. When the temperature in the cooling system rises above 80 - 85O, the thermostat automatically opens and part of the liquid enters the radiator for cooling. At high temperatures, the thermostat opens completely and all the hot liquid is directed in a large circle for its active cooling. Radiator serves to cool the liquid passing through it due to the air flow that is created when the car moves or using a fan. The radiator has many tubes and "membranes" that create a large cooling surface area. Expansion tank necessary to compensate for changes in the volume and pressure of the coolant during heating and cooling. Fan designed to forcefully increase the air flow passing through the radiator of a moving car, as well as to create air flow when the car is stationary with the engine running. Two types of fans are used: constantly on, belt-driven from a pulley crankshaft and an electric fan that turns on automatically when the coolant temperature reaches approximately 100 degrees. Pipes and hoses serve to connect the engine cooling jacket to the thermostat, pump, radiator and expansion tank. The engine cooling system also includes interior heater. Hot coolant passes through heater radiator and heats the air supplied to the car interior. The air temperature in the cabin is regulated by a special tap, with which the driver increases or decreases the flow of liquid passing through the heater radiator.
Air cooling.
The fan directs air around the finned walls of the cylinder. Advantages: reliability, almost complete absence of maintenance. Disadvantages: increased weight and cost, insufficient cooling at low speeds, uneven heat dissipation.
For normal engine operation, a temperature of 80 - 90 degrees is required. And the temperature in the cylinder in operating condition can rise to 2000 degrees, which has a destructive effect on parts. The cooling system in the car allows the engine not to overheat in hot weather and not freeze in cold weather. Violation of the temperature regime is fraught with rapid wear details, increased consumption fuel and oil, a drop in engine power.
In this way, the cooling system controls the temperature limits for ideal vehicle operation.
Purpose of air cooling
The direct purpose of the cooling system is to maintain the optimal temperature for engine operation. The cooling system is responsible for both heating the air in the cabin and cooling motor oil and the working fluid of the automatic transmission, sometimes the intake manifold and throttle assembly are cooled. As a result of fuel combustion, 35% of the heat is dissipated.
Did you know?The first cooling system appeared in 1950.
Operating principle of the air cooling system
The name speaks for itself - the air flow is the main one in the air cooling system. The air removes heat from the cylinders, cylinder head and oil cooler. The entire system consists of a fan (driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley), cooling fins of the cylinders and head, a removable casing, deflectors and control devices. Stands on the fan safety net to prevent the entry of foreign objects.
The air flow is forced to the engine using aluminum fan blades. Air moves between the cooling fins and is then evenly distributed using deflectors to all engine parts.
The fan consists of a guide diffuser (it has fixed radially arranged blades of variable cross-section around its circumference to direct the air flow) and a rotor with 8 radially arranged blades. The diffuser blades change the direction of air flow, and it moves in the opposite direction from the rotation of the rotor. This increases air pressure and cools the engine better.
Interesting to know!In 1997, an air-cooled engine with two 400 turbines was installed. Horse power. It is considered the most powerful.
To increase the surface area for air contact, additional fins are installed on the block and cylinder head. The fan can supply 30 cubic meters of air per minute, which allows the engine to operate at temperatures from –40° to +40°. Thermostats and dampers allow you to regulate the intensity of engine cooling.
Natural air cooling
The simplest way to cool the engine is natural air cooling. There are fins on the outer surface of the cylinders, through which heat is transferred. This cooling system is found on motorcycles, mopeds, piston engines and etc.
Forced air cooling
The forced air cooling system has a fan and cooling fins. The shroud covers the fan and fins. This helps direct air flow and prevents heat from entering from outside.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages air cooled engines:
1. Simplicity of design. Easy to repair.
2. Light weight.
3. Reliability.
4. Inexpensive.
5. Good cold start performance.
Flaws:
1. Creates noise.
2. The size of the motor increases.
3. Uneven airflow and local overheating.
4. Sensitivity to the quality of fuel, oil and spare parts.
Attention! Even a thin layer of dirt on the motor housing reduces cooling performance. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the engine housing.
Common breakdowns
The sensor shows an increase in oil temperature - the cooling system malfunctions. Immediately turn off the engine and find out the cause. On dashboard The lamp lights up to indicate a problem. The cause may be a broken fan belt. Problems with the thermostat very rarely occur.
Where are air-cooled engines used?
Engines with an air-cooled system are used less and less (they are being replaced by liquid cooling) in mechanical engineering (compact small cars, diesel internal combustion engines, trucks, agricultural machinery).
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To protect the engine from overheating, thereby increasing the trouble-free operation of the vehicle, an effective cooling system is necessary. The upcoming study is devoted to “air vents,” their design, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. After studying the information provided, you can compare forced air cooling with liquid cooling to make right choice systems.
Why is an air-cooled engine attractive?
In a functioning engine, the temperature of the cylinders can reach 2000 degrees, while the optimally acceptable mode is 80-90 degrees. Of course, in such extreme conditions, not a single part will last long. To preserve the working parts of the car, the engine needs sufficient reliable system cooling. Such designs have two varieties:
- air-cooled system. Here, air acts as protection for the operating unit from overheating;
- Liquid cooling previously, in the old days, was carried out with ordinary water. Technical progress was reflected in the creation of a special substance called antifreeze. Antifreeze is also used to reduce engine temperature.
This publication examines in detail the first type of systems that protect a functioning engine from excessive overheating. This will allow an ignorant car enthusiast to become familiar with the structure and operating principle of a complex technological mechanism.
Functions of cooling systems
It should be noted that maintaining optimal temperature conditions in a car engine requires protection not only from excessive overheating, but also from freezing. Overcooling the unit can cause condensation fuel-air mixture caused by contact of fuel with the cool surface of the cylinders.
Getting into the crankcase power plant, it leads to liquefaction lubricant, which is reflected by the loss of most of its useful characteristics.
Mixing fuel with oil causes an annoying drop in engine power. Functionally important details engines wear out faster. Also negative point is the thickening of oil in a supercooled unit. Deterioration in the timely supply of lubricant to the cylinders leads to excessive waste of fuel, and the functional ability of the engine is significantly reduced.
In addition to performing the main function, cooling systems additionally provide:
- lowering the temperature of exhaust gases in the recirculation system;
- ventilation and air conditioning in the car interior. They are also responsible for heating;
- timely cooling of engine oil;
- maintaining optimal temperature balance in turbocompressor units;
- cooling the working fluid filling the automatic transmission.
Purpose and principle of operation of the air cooling system
It has been established that an overheating engine causes exorbitant fuel consumption, and a large amount of fuel is also wasted. machine oil. Parts that are important for the normal functioning of the car quickly fail due to rapid wear and tear. In addition, violation of the temperature regime can lead to an unreasonable loss of the required power by the motor.
With the help of an air cooling system, the engine maintains an optimal temperature. Its purpose is also to control the heating of the air inside the car. It monitors the timely cooling of lubricants, reduces the temperature of the working fluid filling the automatic transmission, and sometimes maintains optimal operating conditions. throttle assembly and the receiving manifold.
The principle of operation of the system is to remove heat by air flow from excessively heating parts of a running engine. In this way, the cylinders, cylinder heads and oil cooler are cooled.
The air flow to the engine is forced by aluminum fan blades, protected by a special mesh from the unwanted ingress of random objects that could damage the unit. The deflectors evenly distribute the air entering through the cooling fins between all parts of the functioning motor.
Fan design
It should be noted that forced air cooling is not possible without special device. The fan, which is a necessary link in the system under consideration, consists of the following parts:
- a guide diffuser equipped around the circumference with stationary, radially arranged blades of variable cross-section, influencing the uniform distribution of air flow;
- a rotor having eight special blades arranged along a radius;
- aluminum blades that force air flow in the required direction;
- a casing that prevents heat from entering from the external space;
- a protective mesh that protects the mechanism from accidental penetration of foreign objects into the device.
The diffuser blades change the direction of the air flow, and it rushes in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor. This contributes to an increase in atmospheric pressure, causing better cooling engine.
Advantages and disadvantages of an engine air cooling system
Separately, it should be noted that sometimes natural circulation of atmospheric flows is quite sufficient to ensure normal temperature conditions. The outer surface of the cylinders of mopeds, motorcycles, piston and other simple engines is equipped with special ribs that facilitate heat transfer to the external environment.
Complex design car engine requires forced cooling. The air flow must be given a certain direction. Fans are used for this purpose.
Air-cooled engines have the following advantages:
- extreme simplicity of design, greatly simplifying the process of repairing or replacing parts that have become unusable;
- relatively light weight;
- thorough reliability;
- reasonable cost;
- good cold start characteristics of the engine.
However, before choosing a car with an air-cooled engine, you should also become familiar with the disadvantages of the systems in question. They are characterized by:
- excessive noise created by a running fan;
- increasing the size of the engine due to the need for additional space to accommodate the blower;
- uneven direction of air flows, which determines the possibility of local overheating;
- excessive sensitivity to the quality of fuel and lubricants, as well as increased requirements for the condition of spare parts.
However, air cooling has found its niche in the automotive industry. Trucks, agricultural machinery and cars with diesel internal combustion engines are equipped with such engines.
Common myths about balloonists, fact or fiction
Unfortunately, the shortcomings of the Zaporozhets completely undermined the confidence of domestic motorists in the air engine cooling system. It was accused of high heat, insufficient power and rapid failure. While the German Beetle, equipped similar system, enjoys constant popularity among consumers, delighting the manufacturer with constant increased demand.
Following the characteristics of the German car, we will examine in detail some fairly common legends that haunt air-cooled engines.
Statement 1. The “air vent” loses to the liquid system due to strong heating
It is by no means an immutable truth. In fact, temperature features, on the contrary, can be considered an advantage of an engine cooled by an air flow. Of course, reduced thermal conductivity does not allow the air to remove heat at a sufficient speed provided by water or antifreeze.
However, the difference in temperatures on the surface of the cylinders and in the external environment is much greater than the difference between the walls and the liquid moving inside the system. That's why, weather have a lesser effect on the thermal regime of the “air vent”. The possibility of overheating a liquid-cooled motor in hot weather is much higher.
Statement 2. Large dimensions
Also highly controversial. When comparing the sizes of two engines that have equal cylinder diameters and the same piston stroke, but are equipped with different cooling systems, the advantage is often on the side of the air vent.
Despite the rather impressive appearance of the fan with a deflector and the rather bulky casings surrounding the cylinders with heads, its parameters turn out to be somewhat more compact than those of a liquid unit.
In addition, dropsy takes up much more space due to additional equipment, carried outside the engine. On the body there is a very bulky radiator equipped with a fan. Also, a large number of various hoses does not add compactness.
Statement 3. Air systems are inferior to liquid systems in reliability
Not true. Statistical studies claim that in one out of five cases of engine failure, liquid cooling is to blame. The reason is faulty parts such as a thermostat, radiator, pump, etc.
The simplicity of the design ensures the reliability of the fan with a deflector, due to the low probability of failure. In addition, an attractive point in favor of the “air vent” is considered to be the reduction in system maintenance costs.
Statement 4: Air cooling is too loud
Unfortunately, it is true. Design features air system does not provide for effective sound-absorbing devices, which are available liquid engine. In addition, the ribs of the cylinders and air vent heads sometimes, on the contrary, increase the noise produced by a functioning engine.
The designers have provided sound insulation of the liquid system, which is carried out thanks to the double walls of the cooling jacket, inside which antifreeze or water circulates. Therefore, in this position, the “airman” really ended up losing.
Statement 5. Air engines wear out faster
Correct when applied to legacy systems. The fan simply forced air flows onto the cylinder fins, without ensuring sufficient uniformity of airflow. Modern engines characterized by rational heat distribution.
Moreover, more heat on the cylinder walls of the “air vents” helps to reduce losses caused by friction of the rings on the cylinders due to better dilution of lubricants. This explains less wear on parts. The oil is less subject to oxidation, which slows down its aging, allowing you to save on frequent replacements.
Statement 6. Insufficient power
Not entirely true. The reason for this accusation is the deterioration of the weight filling of the cylinders with working fluid, causing a short-term drop in engine power. This occurs due to the increase in temperature of the cylinders and heads with increasing load, which leads to unwanted heating of the air inside the system.
However, at a higher number of revolutions the difference in the filling coefficient air engines and liquid motors become less than the 3.5% established by research, practically heading towards zero. Therefore, you can combat the loss of impact by increasing the speed.
Conclusion
So, the study proved that air cooling is no worse than liquid cooling, and in some respects it is even superior to it. Isn't it time for manufacturers to think about resuming production of cars with air systems? Consumer demand will grow, despite the sad experience of the ill-fated “Zaporozhets”.
