The Volkswagen Transporter T3 is a minibus that was produced between 1979 and 1992. Its distinctive feature is rear-wheel drive. The vehicle is available in several body versions and provides a high seating position for all passengers in the cabin. The car is suitable for family trips, long-distance travel with friends.
History of creation
The first minibus from Volkswagen with excellent driving performance was developed in the first half of 1979. Unlike its predecessors, this vehicle was more spacious. Depending on the modification, the dimensions of the T3 Transporter had different indicators. In particular, the parameters of the Caravelle T3 are as follows: 1844 x 4569 x 1928 mm.
Since the mid-1980s. air conditioning began to be installed on minibuses, which will create comfortable conditions for passengers in the cabin. From this time period on the Syncro model there was a four-wheel drive. The car was equipped with electric windows. It was possible to automatically adjust the exterior mirrors. It should be noted that there are wipers. The installation of an anti-lock braking system has been introduced since 1986, which increases the degree of safety when maneuvering. Thanks to technical improvements, an impressive smoothness of the car began to be noted.
Modifications
Initially, potential car owners were offered a choice of models with different body types. Modifications:
- Volkswagen Transporter T3 245 type - a truck with a platform and sides and an open body;
- Type 247 - flatbed truck with a short, closed body;
- Type 251 - closed box van;
- Type 253 - minibus with a closed body;
- Type 255 - 9-seat closed-body bus.
Each type of transport has a different number of seats. A van and a truck with an open body, a minibus with 9 seats are designed for 3 people.
The four-wheel drive vehicle Syncro is suitable for commercial transport. The luxury version of the Caravelle Carat has alloy wheels, low ground clearance, and an audio system in the cabin. Westfalia Camper is equipped with a timing belt drive, turbodiesel power plant.
A full-fledged family minibus is the VW Multivan generation. It is distinguished by good cargo and passenger capabilities. It is designed for 6 seats. The car's engine is installed at the rear.
Cabin interior
The developers have paid maximum attention to the interior design. The Caravelle Carat has velor single seats with easy-care armrests. It should be noted that the car has wide tires. The installed mirrors provide the required level of passive safety.
The Multivan Whitestar Carat passenger minivan features large plastic bumpers. The frame is securely fixed and has an optimal degree of rigidity. There is a folding sofa bed in the salon. Motor transport is suitable for family trips outside the city. Optics and mirrors Volkswagen Transporter T3 cope with their functions. Thanks to the high seating position, all passengers will be accommodated in comfort.
The lifting capacity depends on the model (may exceed 850 liters).
Thus, the salons are diverse. It seems possible to find an option with a lifting roof. At the same time, inside the car there may be a gas stove, a washbasin, a refrigerator, and a place for rest.
Engine and gearbox
Initially, an air-cooled motor was installed on vehicles, which has a simple design and a long working life. In the early 1980s. generation of cars with water cooling appeared, which quickly warms up at startup, is less noisy in operation.
The car can be equipped with a turbodiesel and gasoline engine. The first version of the power plant is found on the Westfalia, Multivan Syncro, and the second on the Kombi, Caravelle Carat, Multivan models.
The turbocharged engine increases power. Cars Westfalia, Multivan Syncro develop the same power (70 horsepower). Average fuel consumption in the range of 10.5-13 liters. Similar power is provided by the two-liter gasoline engine on the Kombi model, but the fuel consumption exceeds 14 liters per 100 km.
The Caravelle Carat is equipped with a 2.1 liter power unit that develops power up to 95 hp. The Multivan model spends on average about 11.5 liters during travel, while the power is equal to 112 hp. The engine resource can exceed 300,000 km of run.
Minivan with 1.6 liter diesel engine. produces 50 horsepower. Its fuel tank capacity is 60 liters. The diesel engine can also run the Volkswagen Transporter T3 version with a 1.7 liter power plant, the power of which reaches 57 hp.
Self-care of the engine and transmission may involve changing the fuel. The engine is suitable for the use of a semi-synthetic oil that has a viscosity of 10W-40, for example, Total Quartz, Mannol Diesel Extra. Replacement frequency - 10,000 km. Under difficult operating conditions, the procedure is carried out earlier.
As a transmission, an automatic transmission is installed on the car, designed for 3 speeds, manual transmission (4 or 5 st.). "Mechanics" ensures efficient movement of Volkswagen regardless of the set speed limit. It is recommended to fill it with SAE 80W90 fluid of API GL4 class. Dextron ATF is used for automatic transmissions.
Chassis Transporter T3
The motor transport is equipped with a toothed steering rack, which has a decent margin of safety. In the early 1990s, the Carat version began to be equipped with a power steering, which greatly facilitates movement. All mechanisms related to the steering are distinguished by the quality of workmanship. Due to the fact that Volkswagen began to be equipped with a power steering system, maneuvers on the road began to be carried out easier and more efficiently.
The suspension provides an optimal level of cross-country ability on the roadway. The front axle includes double wishbones (triangular) with coil springs. On the rear axle there are slanting levers with springs. The suspension copes well with increased loads. Shock absorbers Volkswagen Transporter T3 with springs dampen vibrations, minimize vibration and shaking that occurs during the trip. The car behaves steadily on the road. The running gears installed on the foreign car provide decent running dynamics.
Disc mechanisms can be installed on the front axle, and drum mechanisms on the rear axle. They meet all safety standards and are highly durable.
Malfunctions
If you stick to an aggressive driving style, deformation of the pads or discs may occur, resulting in an increase in stopping distance. The surface of the brake elements must be free from corrosion, chips, etc. Hoses should be checked for leaks and integrity, if damaged, brake fluid will leak.
Sign up for a steering system diagnosis in the following cases:
- Stiffness of the steering wheel;
- After parking the car on the asphalt, oil smudges began to appear;
- Deterioration in handling;
- There were knocks at the front of the car.
As a rule, these symptoms indicate the presence of a broken steering rack, there may be torn anthers that must be replaced. Regular checking of the power steering system helps to reduce the risk of an emergency.
Despite the fact that the car has a standard factory anti-corrosion coating, over time, the car owner may encounter body corrosion at the welds.
The average resource of the Volkswagen Transporter T3 gearbox is 15,000 km. By this time, its main components wear out, as a result, the difficulty of switching speeds, jerks (noises) will be noted. Repair of the gearbox is necessary if oil starts to leak. Also, it is necessary to monitor the level of the filled fuel. Do not forget about the timely replacement of spark plugs and filters.
With prolonged use of the car, condensation or dullness may form inside the optics on the outside, which will interfere with the lighting. In this case, the headlight needs to be replaced.
Prices for Transporter T3
Owners are offered a choice of purchasing a car with rear-wheel drive, the average price of which is within 150,000-300,000 rubles. Used, worn out cars are about 3-4 times cheaper. The price of a vehicle with front-wheel drive can exceed 500,000 rubles, and for exclusive models - 1 million rubles.
Thus, it is a maneuverable form of transport, on which working mechanisms are installed, of high quality. The suspension allows you to quickly bypass any unevenness of the road, creates optimal conditions for being in the cabin for all passengers. The car is characterized by high reliability. Late generations of the Volkswagen Transporter T3 could be equipped with an automatic transmission, an ABS system, and an air conditioner. It is suitable for family trips, groups of friends on vacation, for organizing excursions.
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The representative of the legendary Transporter family - (Volkswagen Transporter T3) was produced from 1979 to 1992. in Germany (Hannover) and from 1992 to 2003. at factories in South Africa. The car is characterized as reliable, hardy, durable; at a democratic price typical for the Volkswagen concern.
The car was produced in many modifications, including exclusive ones - Carat, Caravelle. In 1985, the first serial all-wheel drive T3 (Syncro) was released. The model is notable for the fact that the motor is located at the back. In subsequent versions, such a constructive solution was no longer used. In comparison with the previous version (T2) VW T3 has a slightly larger wheelbase, dimensions and weight; in addition, some technical innovations were implemented in its design (in particular, heated seats, ABS, power windows).
The main options for T3 power units are gasoline (1.6-2.1 liters, 50-112 hp), diesel (1.6; 1.7 liters, 48-70 hp). The configuration included a manual and automatic transmission. The external design is notable for corporate simplicity and considerable dynamism. The interior options are quite diverse; the main emphasis is on convenience and functionality. On the move, the car demonstrates excellent handling, stability, and high cross-country ability.
About the main advantages of the Volkswagen Transporter T3
This car is characterized by considerable capacity (given the dimensions), good handling and dynamics, reliability and cross-country ability. Many people also like the look of the car - traditional, not too burdened with design delights, but generally pleasant.
The most noticeable "weaknesses" of VW T3 are insufficient (especially from the point of view of modern requirements) noise insulation, a somewhat harsh ride, susceptibility to corrosion of the body, and possible difficulties with repairs. The last two points, of course, should be taken philosophically - after all, the model is no longer produced. In general, we can say that the shortcomings are not significant, obtrusively overshadowing the operation of the car.
Finally, about the current level of prices for T3. Here, of course, a lot depends on the age of the car (in the first place) and on how well it is preserved. The cost spread is quite large. A twenty-year-old car on the move can cost 40-60 thousand rubles, newer cars with which, before getting behind the wheel, you do not need to tinker too much, will cost more than 100 thousand rubles (the price level of 100-150 thousand rubles can be considered average). VW T3s are also sold for 600 thousand rubles (these are mainly all-wheel drive versions in good condition).
Most likely it will not be possible to meet the Volkswagen Transporter-3, which was recently brought from neighboring Europe, which is a pity, because there are still many such cars preserved there in excellent condition. In theory, you can find a car made much later than 1991, because these cars are still produced in South Africa. But the likelihood that some ferrymen could deliver an inexpensive truck to Russia from such a distant country as South Africa, as you understand, is small. In addition, African "Transporters" have a steering wheel on the right, and a cargo door on the left, since in their homeland there is left-hand traffic. Although it is 2 times cheaper to clear a light truck through customs than a passenger car of the same age with the current customs duties, it is simply unprofitable to import an inexpensive car of an outdated model into Russia. Therefore, all Transporter-3 offered in the secondary market have been traveling on the roads of our country for several years.
The selling price of an old Volkswagen truck is not high, but the services of a branded service, according to the owners of these cars, are quite expensive. Therefore, such a car with us is usually serviced and repaired not at an authorized service, but in a regular garage. Fortunately, the simple design of the 80s, in principle, allows it. Another thing is that garage “craftsmen” do not always perform service operations in a timely manner and professionally. And yet, there are still a lot of decently preserved copies of the Transporter-3 series. Their current and former owners agree that the factory anti-corrosion treatment of the bodywork was excellent. In their opinion, only those parts of the body that were damaged in the accident and then were straightened out actively rot. And in fact: even at “showdowns” and dumps, we had to see still quite “living” bodies of cars that were “scrapped” due to the failure of the engine and chassis assemblies.
By the way, the Transporter-3 series is the last truck of the concern with a rear-mounted power unit. It is directly derived from the first Transporter, created back in the early 50s on the basis of the legendary "beetle". According to our observations, among the Volkswagen Transporter-3, minibuses, cargo vans and cargo-passenger “combi” are most often found. A little less often - pick-ups with a regular or double cab, as well as vans with a high roof. Sometimes you come across minibuses with a volumetric roof reclining back. In the past, they were residential vehicles - "camper". Another rarity is five-door bodies with sliding rear doors. Unlike the subsequent Transporter-4 model, the Transporter-3 series does not have a modification with an extended base. But there is an all-wheel drive version, according to the "Volkswagen" tradition, referred to as "Syncro" (Syncro).
The rear-engined VW has a noticeably smaller wheelbase than the “short” version of the Transporter-4. The turning radius is very small, both due to the short wheelbase and due to the large steering angle. The front suspension is independent, lever-spring, and the steering is rack and pinion. An important feature is the zero roll-in angle of the steered wheels (caster). That is why the car has excellent directional stability: even with heavily worn salen blocks and ball bearings, it “holds the road” well. In terms of dimensions, the Transporter of this series can be compared to our “loaf”. Volkswagen is slightly longer than the UAZ-452 (4570 mm versus 4360), it has a larger wheelbase (2460 versus 2300). But the width of the German minibus is slightly less than that of the Ulyanovsk one (1845 versus 1940). The Syncro modification slightly differs from the rear-wheel drive base and track. The length of the cargo compartments of the “Transporter” and the UAZ is close (2780 and 2733 mm.), And the height from floor to ceiling of the Transporter-3 is the same 1315 mm (with a standard roof) as that of the UAZ. True, in a German car, the capacity of the body is reduced by the protruding cover of the engine compartment.
As an SUV, Syncro is noticeably inferior to UAZ: Volkswagen's transmission requires more careful handling. With the Ulyanovsk transfer case, it is easier to storm heavy off-road than with a German visco-clutch. The carriage layout of the car is made in the traditions of the “old school”: the driver and two passengers of the cab sit above the front wheels. It is worth noting that, unlike the RAF and, moreover, the UAZ, shaking and swinging on irregularities is almost not felt in the cockpit. Firstly, this is the peculiarity of the distribution of mass along the axes, the so-called "weight distribution": the power unit located at the rear plays the role of a counterweight. Secondly, the front suspension itself, according to experienced minibus drivers, is noticeably softer than that of the RAF-2203. The comfort in the cockpit is also enhanced by the fact that, with this arrangement, gases from the engine compartment do not enter the cabin, which is what some minibuses with a front engine “sin”.
The above-mentioned feature of mass distribution also has a downside. When a car with a rear engine is fully loaded, the engine and luggage together overload the rear wheels. Naturally, this negatively affects handling. Therefore, if you need to transport heavy objects, it is recommended to put them not on the hood of the engine compartment, but closer to the driver's cab and, accordingly, to the front wheels. The structure of the cargo doors of the Transporter-3 series van itself has exactly this type of loading. The sliding side door has a huge opening and a minimum loading height. You can freely bring into the salon several dozen boxes with goods, large-sized furniture and even a motorcycle. The threshold for the rear end door is located above the engine compartment, which means that heavy objects will have to be lifted quite high.
Minibuses have two main options for the layout of the passenger compartment. Either both rows of seats are facing in the direction of travel, or the front row is turned with their backs. By the way, in order to better load the front wheels, it is better for the most obese and overweight passengers to get into the minibus in the front row of seats. In this regard, the worst situation is with a pickup truck with a double cab: in any case, it will have to stack the load above the power unit. Loading onto the platforms of Transporter-3 pickups is simplified by the presence of three folding sides. But the lower edge of each side is located quite high: like the threshold of the end door of a van and a bus. Cars of different ages and configurations differ in the interior of the cab. As in most light vans, in the low-cost versions of the Transporter-3, the driver has a separate seat, and two passengers are seated in a common one. The three of them in the cockpit are clearly cramped, but two will feel quite at ease. It is worth noting that any modification of the Transporter-3 has noticeably more comfortable seats than the Gazelle. The driver's seat, unlike the UAZ one, is equipped with a normal adjustment mechanism.
The cars of the “luxury” version have only two seats in the cab, but the most comfortable ones: wide ones, equipped with folding armrests, of which Gazelle drivers can only dream of. The dashboards of some modifications of the "Transporters" have a tachometer, while others take its place by a clock. As for the upholstery of the cab walls of the cheap Transporter-3 modification, it is very similar to the one that Zhiguli had in the 80s. The "suite" has a more expensive finish, with velor inserts. In addition, the expensive version of the minibus has padding on the side pillars. The execution of the "torpedo" differs. In the cheap version, it is metal painted with black “pebbled” paint, and in the expensive version, it is a “semi-soft” leatherette coating, similar to the “Zhiguli” panel. However, in the Transporter-3 salon there is less metal even in the cheapest version of the body-colored metal than in the Gazelle cab. The interior of the 80s Volkswagen as a whole looks "more cultured" and "more expensive" than that of a modern Nizhny Novgorod lorry.
The owners claim that the old "Transporters" are equipped with efficient heating systems, in any case, this concerns modifications with a liquid-cooled engine. The “stove”, like the engine cooling radiator, is located at the front of the machine. Duct ducts routed through the front doors and pillars supply warm air to the passenger compartment of the minibus. Some cars have technological holes for additional air duct pipes that can be installed and used. There is such a nozzle, for example, under the driver's seat. Sometimes there are "luxury" cars with air conditioning. Not only Soviet cars are distinguished by the unification of parts for cars of different brands. This is also practiced in the German car industry. For example, the wheels of the 14-inch Transporter-3 wheels are interchangeable with the “Mercedes” wheels from the W-123 and “Ford” wheels from the Scorpio and Granada models. T3 tires are 185R14 or 195R14, but 205 / 70R14 rubber is possible, and only Syncro has 16-inch wheels.
A reasonable question arises, is it possible to use domestic tires designed for GAZ-24 and GAZ-31029 on a German minibus? Of course, if one of the tires of your Transporter-3 suddenly becomes unusable, and you have a Volga tire at hand, you can temporarily put it on. But for normal operation on the Transporter-3, "Volgovskaya" tires are not suitable in terms of speed and carrying capacity. According to the owners, if you accelerate faster than 100 km / h or carry a ton of cargo, the tires from the “Volga” noticeably heat up. Well, let's assume that our first acquaintance with an inexpensive German truck took place. In the next issue, read the story about the line of power units that were installed on the Transporter-3, as well as about the chassis design, typical malfunctions and repair features of the units of this family of machines.
©. Photos taken from publicly available sources.
This Volkswagen T3 is known in various markets under different names, including the Transporter or Caravelle in Europe, Microbus in South Africa and Vanagon in the Americas or the T25 in the United Kingdom.
VW T3 was still Type2. But at the same time it was already a different car. The wheelbase of the VW T3 has increased by 60 millimeters. The minibus became 12.5 centimeters wider than the VW T2 and weighed 60 kilograms more (1365 kg) than its predecessor. The engine in it, as in earlier models, was located at the rear, which was already considered an outdated solution at the end of the 1970s, but it ensured the ideal weight distribution of the car along the axles in the proportion of 50x50. For the first time for this class of cars, Volkswagen offers for the T3 model as optional equipment power windows, an electric drive for adjusting external rear-view mirrors, a tachometer, central locking, heated seats, a headlight cleaning system, a rear window wiper, retractable footrests for sliding side doors, and starting since 1985 air conditioning and four-wheel drive.
Syncro / Caravelle Carat / Multivan
In 1985, several important events took place at once in the history of VW minibuses and the T3 model in particular:
Under the Transporter Syncro brand, the all-wheel drive Volkswagen was launched into mass production, the development of which began back in 1971. Its chassis was based on the Austrian military van Pinzgauer, which had been produced by that time since 1965. Therefore, the van parts were produced in Hanover and final assembly took place at Steyr Deimler Puch in Graz, Austria. It was a commercial vehicle with high efficiency even on bad roads. Its new flexible clutches transferred engine traction to the front axle, taking into account the road conditions. Permanent four-wheel drive is carried out through a visco-clutch. The design was distinguished by its reliability and ease of operation, which ensured a long life on many Volkswagen vehicles. It was a complete independent replacement of the intermediate differential, which automatically created an almost 100% blocking effect if necessary. Later, the Syncro received a limited slip limited slip differential, which, together with other units, fully independent suspension and 50/50 axle weight distribution, made the T3 Syncro one of the best four-wheel drive cars of its time. Transporter Syncro has been recognized by off-road driving aficionados and has taken part in a large number of rallies around the world.
In 1985, VW T3 minibuses began to be equipped with air conditioning. In particular, it was installed on the luxury Caravelle Carat - a car focused on the level of comfort for business customers. The minibus received a lower ground clearance due to faster wheels with low-profile tires, alloy wheels, a folding table, footrests lighting, suede trim, hi-fi audio system, seat armrests. Second-row seats that rotate 180 ° were also offered.
In the same year, the first generation VW Multivan was introduced - the T3 version for universal family use. The Multivan concept blurs the line between business and leisure - the birth of the versatile passenger minivan.
During the 1980s, US Army Infantry and Air Force bases stationed in Germany used te-thirds as conventional (non-tactical) vehicles. At the same time, the military used its own nomenclature designation of the model - "light commercial truck / light truck, commercial"
Porsche has created a limited edition version of the VW T3, codenamed B32. The minibus was equipped with a 3.2-liter engine from the Porsche Carrera / Porsche Carrera and this version was originally intended to support the Porsche 959 in the Paris-Dakar / Paris-Dakar races.
Some versions for the North American market
The simplest versions of the US Vanagon had vinyl seat upholstery and a rather spartan interior. The Vanagon L already had additional fabric-wrapped seats, better trim paneling and optional dashboard air conditioning. The Vanagon GL was produced with a Westfalia roof and an extended list of options: a fitted kitchen and a fold-down sleeper. For the conventional high-roof "Weekender" versions, which did not have a gas stove, stationary sink and built-in refrigerator in the basic equipment as in full camper versions, a compact portable "cabinet" was offered, which included a 12-volt refrigerator and a stand-alone sink version. the "Weekender" version features rear-facing second-row seats and a folding table attached to the side wall, which were originally manufactured in Westfalia.
Production in South Africa
After 1991, production of the VW T3 continued in South Africa until 2002. For the local South African market, VW has renamed the T3 to Microbus. Here she underwent homologation - a slight "facelift", which included large windows in a circle (their size was increased in comparison with models made for other markets) and a slightly modified dashboard. The European wasserboxer engines were replaced with 5-cylinder engines from Audi and updated 4-cylinder engines from VW. Added a 5-speed gearbox and 15 "rims as standard on all versions. Large ventilated front disc brakes have been added to better match the onslaught of the 5-cylinder engine. rotated 180 degrees and folding table.
Dates in the history of VW-T3
1979
New Volkswagen Transporter released. In addition to many technical improvements to the chassis and engine, he acquired a new body structure. The T3 revolutionized the design of automobiles: the computer partially "calculated" the frame under the body using the finite element method, and the car received increased rigidity. T3 did not manage to achieve phenomenal success at the start. This was due to the technical parameters of the car.
The air-cooled horizontal four-cylinder engine had a significant dead weight of 1385 kg. The smaller engine (1584 cc) would mean that it would hardly be able to reach speeds over 110 km / h. And even a larger engine only allowed the car to accelerate on the freeway to a speed of 127 km / h: three kilometers per hour less than its predecessor. As a result, it was not easy at first to convince international clients of the benefits of the new technology. It was only with the advent of a horizontal four-cylinder water-cooled engine and a diesel engine with better performance and more power that the third-generation Volkswagen Transporter achieved success. The hull width has increased by 125 mm, which made it possible to accommodate three completely independent seats in the driver's cab; the track and wheelbase have become larger, and the turning radius has decreased. The interior space has become more spacious and modern. Crash tests have helped in the development of elements that absorb energy in front and side impacts, the so-called crumple zones. A concealed roll bar was installed on the front of the driver's cab at knee level, and robust sectional profiles were integrated into the doors to provide protection against side impacts.
1981
25th anniversary of the Volkswagen plant in Hanover. More than five million commercial vehicles have rolled off assembly lines since the factory opened. The water-cooled horizontal four-cylinder engine and the modified Golf diesel engine provided the Transporter breakthrough needed. It is very likely that the experts in Hannover had no idea at the time that the diesel engine opened a completely new page in Volkswagen's success story.
Production of diesel Volkswagen Transporters begins at the Hanover plant.
Volkswagen Transporter received horizontal four-cylinder water-cooled engines of a new design with 60 and 78 hp. to replace previous generations of air-cooled engines.
1983
Presentation of the Caravelle model - a minivan designed as a "passenger enhanced comfort". The Bully Bull was a multifunctional all-rounder that provided the ideal platform for an infinite number of options - an everyday family car, a great travel companion offering living space on wheels and freedom of movement.
1985
The launch of the four-wheel drive Volkswagen under the Transporter Syncro brand, the Caravelle Carat modifications and the first VW Multivan appear.
The turbocharged diesel engine and the new high-power fuel injection engine (112 hp) go into production.
In July, the AGM approves the change of the company's name to Volkswagen AG.
1986
Installation of ABS became possible.
1988
Series production of the Volkswagen California travel van. Volkswagen's plant in Braunschweig, Germany, celebrated its 50th anniversary.
1990
The production of T3 at the plant in Hanover ceases. In 1992, production was discontinued at a plant in Austria. Thus, since 1993, the T3 was finally replaced in the European and North American market with the T4 model (Eurovan in the US market). By that time, the T3 was the last rear-engined Volkswagen car in Europe, so connoisseurs see the T3 as the last "real Bull". Starting in 1992, production was moved to a plant in South Africa, which, with minor changes in design and equipment, produced the T3 for the local market. Production continued until the summer of 2003.
In 2009, the 30th anniversary of T3 was celebrated.
The Volkswagen Museum (Wolfsburg) hosted a thematic exhibition dedicated to T3.
Other exhibits of the exhibition:
3.5 / 5 ( 4 voices)
The Volkswagen Transporter is one of the most reliable cars in the minivan niche. The car is considered to be a successor of the Kafer car, which was previously produced by a German company. Thanks to its sophisticated design and unique technical characteristics, the Volkswagen Transporter has become extremely popular around the world.
This car has undergone rather modest changes and almost did not succumb to the influence of time. The Volkswagen Transporter family is VW's largest representative. The vehicle is offered in Multivan, California and Caravelle versions. The whole.
Car history
Dutch VW importer Ben Pon was responsible for the idea of the Transporter car project. On April 23, 1947, he noticed a car platform at the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg, which was built by workers on the basis of the Beetle. Ben thought that during the rebuilding of European countries after World War II, a machine for transporting small things might be of great interest.
After Pon showed his own developments to the CEO (at that time he was Heinrich Nordhof), and he agreed to bring the idea of the Dutch specialist to life. By November 12, 1949, the Volkswagen Transporter 1 was presented at an official press conference.
Volkswagen Transporter T1 (1950-1975)
The debut minivan family was launched into production back in 1950. After the first months of operation, the conveyor produced about 60 cars every day. An enterprise based in Germany, in the city of Wolfsburg, was responsible for the construction of new products. The model received a gearbox from the VW Beetle. However, unlike the "beetle", in the 1st Transporter, instead of the frame of the central tunnel, a load-bearing body was used, the support of which was a multi-link frame.
The debut minivans lifted a load no heavier than 860 kilograms, however, produced since 1964, they already transported luggage weighing 930 kilograms. The Beetle also handed over to the Transporter four-cylinder power units with rear-wheel drive. At that time, they developed 25 horsepower. The car is very simple, however, it was he who was supposed to conquer the whole world.
After some time, they began to install more modern motors, which already had a capacity of 30 to 44 horses. A 4-speed gearbox was originally responsible for the transmission, however, since 1959, the car has been equipped with a fully synchronized gearbox. The car was equipped with drum brakes.
It was possible to highlight the external appearance with a massive VW logo and a windshield divided into 2 equivalent parts. The driver's and passenger doors received sliding glass. In March (8th) of 1956, the production of a family car was launched at the new Hanover enterprise Volkswagen, where the first generation was assembled until 1967, when many motorists around the world were able to contemplate the successor model - T2. It turned out to be surprisingly successful.
During the 25-year life cycle of the T1 model, it has undergone a considerable number of modifications. We raised the carrying capacity, made specialized passenger versions, equipped it with camping equipment. On the platform of the first generation of VW, ambulances, police and others were created.
When the serial production of the "passenger car" Beetle was well debugged, VW was able to concentrate the gaze of its own engineering staff on the design of the second car of the lineup. So the world saw a versatile small truck called the Tour2, which had the main structural components from the Beetle - the same air-cooled powertrain at the rear, the same suspension on all wheels and the familiar bodywork.
A little earlier, we mentioned Ben Pone, who literally got fired up with the idea of releasing small trucks, however, he was not alone. Bavarian specialist Gustav Mayer, in the literal sense of the word, devoted his whole life to minivans.
The German began to work at the Volkswagen plant in 1949. At that time, he had already gained authority for himself, and such that he was called a talent from God. It didn't take long before he became the chief designer of the VW cargo department.
Since that time, all the brand new Transporter modifications have gone through it. With his own hands, he has diligently built up a good reputation for the T line. For the first time VW decides to subject its cars to wind tunnel tests! Based on the data obtained, certain elements of the car were developed.
In the first generation of minivans, the design staff decided to use one of the innovative solutions: to divide the body into 3 zones - into the driver's cab, the cargo compartment, the volume of which was 4.6 cubic meters, and the engine department.
In the standard configuration, the "truck" had double doors on only one side, however, if necessary, doors were installed on both sides. Due to the fact that there was a large distance between the axles, the location of the power unit and the transmission device at the rear of the car, the engineering staff managed to create a vehicle with an ideal weight distribution (the rear and front axles were loaded in a 1: 1 ratio).
Despite this, the location of the engine in the copies of the first issues was not entirely successful, since it did not allow them to have a tailgate. However, since 1953, the luggage compartment door nevertheless appeared, which greatly facilitated the loading and unloading of the truck.
As we wrote above, the power unit had an air-cooled motor. This was a significant advantage, since the drivers experienced a minimum amount of difficulties because of this - it did not freeze, did not overheat.
This is partly why the model has become popular in the global automotive market. T1 was successfully bought in tropical countries, as well as in the Arctic. Good dynamic performance stood out as an advantage: with luggage weighing about 750 kilograms, the minivan could accelerate to 80 kilometers per hour. Fuel consumption did not exceed 9.5 liters per 100 kilometers.
A real breakthrough in this car was the presence of a serial heating stove. The distance between the power unit and the driver's cab was rather big, it was difficult to heat it with engine heat. Therefore VW ordered an independent heating system for the first generation from Eberspacher.
By the end of the spring of 1950, a combined bus and an eight-seater passenger bus were produced. Both variations of the vehicle can be easily transformed into a cargo-passenger version by means of a removable seat structure or by changing their position.
The following year, Volkswagen began producing a passenger variant of the Samba Transporter, which is gaining popularity due to its two-tone body paint, removable tarpaulin roof, 9 passenger seats, 21 windows (8 of which are installed on the roof) and a lot of chrome in the elements of the car. Samba's dashboard has separate niches for installing radio equipment (which for the 1950s was something incomprehensible to the mind).
In the following years, the Germans managed to release another variation of the vehicle with an onboard platform. Thanks to this design, it was possible to free up a considerable part for bulky cargo. In 1959, the concern released the Transporter 1 with a loading platform, which was 2 m wide.
It was possible to choose among all-metal, wood and combined structures. The elongated cab allowed a group of workers from various services to travel comfortably to tasks, and the cargo platform (length 1.75 m) was used to transport tools, equipment, or building materials.
Together with the release of the mass version of the Transporter, a police and fire variation was developed on its platform. The T1 platform made it possible to create a "home on wheels" by Westfalia. The production of such "houses" began at the enterprise in 1954.
It turns out that already in those years it was possible to travel with the whole family or with friends around the world, enjoying the beauty of the surrounding nature. The set of equipment for the new "home" included one table, several chairs, a bed, a wardrobe and various other household items. When folded, all the elements were securely fastened and packed, which ensured their transportation without danger and without problems.
It is nice that the complete set of mobile "houses" had a sun canopy-roof, with the help of which it was possible to create your own private veranda.
During 1950, the plant produced only 10 minivans, which was clearly not enough given their popularity. Therefore, VW decided to ramp up production of the model. In the fall of the 54th, the assembly line of the Wolfsburg enterprise produced its one hundred thousandth car.
In order to fully satisfy the market demand, the Germans expanded their own production by building a new enterprise, but already in the German city of Hanover. The plant started production of serial minibuses in 1956. Already at the newly-made enterprise in the same year, it was possible to produce the 200,000th minibus.
The next 5 years only added to the popularity of Bulli, so by the beginning of autumn, 500,000 copies had already been released. As of October 1962, the company announces the production of the millionth minivan. The first T1 family was in great demand in America - the model is often attributed to the Hippie generation. The T1 did not change significantly in terms of appearance until the summer of 1967.
Volkswagen Transporter T2 (1967-1979)
At the end of 1967, the time came for the 2nd Volkswagen Transporter family. At that time, about 1,800,000 copies left VW plants. The T2 minibus was developed by the designer Gustav Mayer, who saved the platform from the TUR2 Bulli, however, decided to supplement it with a large number of cardinal changes.
T2 has grown in size, has become more reliable, durable and attractive. It is important that the running characteristics, together with the ease of control, were able to step on the heels of the characteristics of passenger cars. This result was achieved thanks to the competent selection of the front wheels and excellent weight distribution along the axles.
If we talk about appearance, then it has become modern. Safety also increased - instead of a 2-section windshield, panoramic glass was installed. The power unit was left in the rear of the car, as well as the drive. Mayer proposed for the second generation a list of boxer power units, the working volume of which was 1.6-2.0 liters (47-70 "horses"). The car is now equipped with a reinforced rear suspension and a dual-circuit braking system.
The new generation minivan could accelerate to speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour. The number of its modifications has increased. In the 1970s, a real breakthrough in car tourism began in European countries, therefore, numerous models of the second family began to be converted into mobile homes. Since 1978, the first all-wheel drive modification of the Transporter 2 has been produced.
It was the Volkswagen Transporter 2 that became the debut car, which had a sliding door to the side - an element without which it is simply impossible to imagine any vehicle in the minivan class today.
Since 1971, Volkswagen began to expand its Hanoverian plant, which made it possible to increase the number of copies produced. In one year, the plant assembled 294,932 vehicles. The second generation of the minibus fell on the anniversary cars of two and three million.
This eloquently testifies to the fact that the Transporter reached the apogee of its relevance and popularity precisely during the period of the release of the second family. The company's management understood that a single enterprise would not be enough to meet the increasing demand for cars, therefore, the Germans launched the production of the famous minibus at their own production facilities in various countries, such as Brazil, Mexico and South Africa.
The second generation Volkswagen was produced in German factories for 13 years (1967-1979). Interestingly, since 1971, the model has been produced in the form of an improved T2b. From 1979 to 2013, this model was produced in Brazil.
Following the modification of the roof, interior, bumpers and other body components, the name changed to T2c. In Brazil, the plant produced a limited edition, equipped with diesel engines. Beginning in 2006, the South American division ceased production of air-cooled motors. Instead, a 1.4-liter inline power plant was used, which produced 79 horsepower.
This forced to change the stereotyped front of the minivan and install a false radiator grille on it to cool the engine radiator. By the end of 2013, the release of T2b, T2c and their modifications was finally stopped. Until then, the car was sold in two trim levels - a 9-seater minibus and a panel van.
Volkswagen Transporter Т3 (1979-1992)
The next, third generation was presented in 1979. The minibus had many engineering innovations in the "hodovka" and power units. The third generation of the "truck" received a more roomy and less rounded body.
The design solution fully corresponded to the constructivism that existed at that time (by the end of the 1970s). The body did not have complex surfaces, the functionality of the panels improved and the overall body rigidity increased.
It was from the third family of the Transporter that Volkswagen began to focus on anti-corrosion bodywork. Most of the body parts were made of galvanized steel sheets. The number of paint layers has reached six.
Initially, motorists perceived the novelty rather dryly, since the technical component did not meet their expectations. Of course, the air-cooled powertrain was too simple. By the way, the engine did not stand out in power either, because a 50 or 70-horsepower engine did not have enough agility to make an almost one and a half ton car spirited.
Only a few years later, the 3rd generation of the Transporter began to be supplied with a water-cooled gasoline engine, as well as the first mass engine in the history of the Transporter operating on diesel fuel.
Following this, interest in the new product began to gradually recover. In 1981, the company released the T3 version with Caravelle in the name. The salon has acquired a nine-seater layout, velor trim and 360-degree rotating seats.
The model was distinguished by rectangular headlights, more voluminous bumpers and plastic body trims. Four years later (in 1985) the Germans showed their "brainchild" in the Austrian Schladming. The vehicle was named T3 Syncro and was equipped with all-wheel drive.
Gustav Mayer himself confidently spoke about the reliability of the all-wheel drive model, who made an advertising run across the Sahara desert on it without serious breakdowns. This option could be appreciated by all motorists who needed an unpretentious four-wheel drive minibus.
The T3 was equipped with a wide range of power units, which consisted of 1.6 and 2.1 liter (50 and 102 horsepower) gasoline engines and 1.6 and 1.7 liter (50 and 70 horsepower) diesel engines. ).
When the Volkswagen Transporter 3 was discontinued in 1990, a whole era of minivans ended. As in the 74th the famous "Beetle" was replaced with a radically different design, "Golf", so the T3 gave way to its successor.
Volkswagen Transporter Т4 (1990-2003)
In August 1990, a completely unusual front-wheel drive Transporter T4 was presented. The minibus was special in almost everything - the engine was in front, the drive went to the front wheels, water cooling was installed, the center distance changed depending on the modification. Initially, fans of past generations spoke negatively about the new product.
However, this did not last long and it soon became clear that the life of the Volkswagen Transporter T4 is a history of fundamental changes. Accustomed to the unusual performance of the T4, buyers in car dealerships were already lining up for the novelty. Not without the help of the frontal position of the power unit and front-wheel drive, the manufacturer managed to seriously increase the capacity of the minibus, which, in turn, opened up new horizons for building various types of vans on the T4 platform.
From the very beginning, the company decided to release the fourth generation of the car in the modification of the Transporter and the comfortable Caravelle, where the interior was designed specifically for the comfortable transportation of passengers.
After some time, the number of minibuses of various brands began to grow on the world market, so the company returned to its cars, producing the California passenger car on the Caravelle platform, which was distinguished by a more expensive interior and an expanded range of colors.
But California turned out to be not so in demand, so in 1996 it was replaced by the Multivan, which was in almost everything similar to a truck, but had a more luxurious and comfortable interior decoration.
The very first models of the Multivan T4 had 24-valve V-shaped six-cylinder engines with a volume of 2.8 liters, which produced 204 horsepower. Perhaps this was one of the most important reasons why the 4th generation achieved such popularity.
Optionally Multivan was equipped with a computer, telephone and fax. The model was short-wheelbase and could accommodate up to 7 people. At the same time, when the Multivan T4 was being produced, the Germans improved the Caravelle T4, which already had new lighting equipment and a slightly redesigned front end.
All metal elements of the interior are covered with plastic, which was fitted so well that it did not creak or dangle. The seats can be folded in literally 10 minutes, and then the car turns into a cargo one.
The passenger versions had 2 heaters. The interior was equipped with armchairs facing each other, with a folding table between them. The layout of the cabin provides for the presence of cup holders and pockets for storing various items.
There is a slide for the middle row of seats. The seats received armrests and individual three-point seat belts. Optionally, instead of any of the seats in the second row, you can install a refrigerator (about 32 liters in volume). The second version of the "cartoon" began to have several ceiling lamps more lighting.
Speaking about the technical equipment, it should be said that the car was sold with 4 and 5-cylinder engines of 1.8 and 2.8 liters (68 and 150 "horses"), which functioned both on gasoline and diesel fuel.
After the 97th year, the list of engines began to be replenished with 2.5-liter turbodiesels, where there was a direct injection system. Such power units produced 102 horsepower. Since 1992, the T4 line has been supplemented by the Syncro modification, which featured an all-wheel drive system.
The conveyor production of the Transporter T4 was carried out until 2000, after which it was replaced by the 5th family. During the entire production period, the model received several awards and honorary titles.
Volkswagen Transporter Т5 (2006-2009)
Since 2000, Volkswagen began mass production of the 5th generation of the Transporter. From that moment on, the company began to develop production in several directions at once: cargo - T5, passenger - Caravelle, tourist - Multivan and intermediate cargo-and-passenger - Shuttle.
The last variant was a mixture of a T5 truck and a passenger Caravelle and accommodated 7 to 11 passengers. The 5th generation car has increased carrying capacity and expanded the range of power units.
There are a total of 4 diesel engines to choose from, ranging from 86 horsepower to 174 horsepower, and only a couple of petrol engines developing 115 and 235 horsepower.
5th generation models have 2 wheelbases, 3 body heights and 5 load compartment sizes. Like the previous generation, the T5 has a frontal transverse motor arrangement. The gear lever was moved to the dashboard.
The Volkswagen Multivan T5 is the first of its kind to feature side airbags.
The comfort level of the Multivan T5 has increased significantly. The most important element was the emergence of the Digital Voice Enhancement system, which gives passengers the opportunity to conduct a conversation using a microphone without raising their voices - the entire conversation will be broadcast to the speakers installed in the cabin.
On top of that, the suspension was changed - now it has become fully independent, whereas before the rear wheels were damped by springs. In general, from an expensive commercial minibus, the Multivan T5 has turned into a top-class minivan.
A tow truck and an armored car are also produced on the 5th generation platform. The latter, in turn, received armored body panels, bulletproof glass, additional locking mechanisms in the doors, an armored sunroof, battery protection, an intercom and a fire extinguishing system for the power unit.
As a separate option, an anti-splinter protection of the bottom, a bracket for a weapon and a box for transporting valuables are installed. Such a machine has a lifting capacity of 3,000 kilograms.
The equipment of the tow truck provides for the presence of a descending aluminum chassis, an aluminum platform, spare wheels, 8 sockets, a mobile winch with 20 meters of cable. This machine received a carrying capacity of up to 2,300 kilograms.
The fifth generation of the Transporter has become safer, as the design department has paid sufficient attention to this criterion. Cargo modifications have only the ABS system and airbags, while the passenger versions already have ESP, ASR, EDC.
The German company Volkswagen in August 2015, finally, officially presented the sixth generation of the Transporter and its passenger version with the name Multivan. The range of engines was supplemented with modernized diesel engines.
Thanks to the change of generation, the car received an external restyling. Also, changes have affected the interior decoration, an expanded list of electronic assistants has appeared.
Appearance VW T6
If we compare the model with the previous generation, then it differs in a modified nose part of the body, where there is a reduced grille, other headlights in the style of the concept version of the Volkswagen Tristar, as well as a luggage compartment lid, which has a small spoiler.
Of course, the novelty has become more modern, fashionable and respectable. However, if you look at it from a different angle, you can see already established forms and similarities with past models. The German company once again pays tribute to tradition and is scrupulous about design changes.
All cars of the company change outwardly little by little, however, they retain their already familiar beauty. On the front passenger side, a sliding door is provided, which is included in the basic package, and a sliding driver's door can be installed as an option.
The T6 is based entirely on the T5, which has been complemented by a Dynamic Control Cruise chassis with three modes - Comfort, Normal and Sport. There is also a cruise control, an automatic braking system after an accident, smart headlights that can automatically switch the high beam to the low beam when detecting oncoming traffic.
In addition, there is an assistant when descending from the mountain (optional), a service that analyzes the driver's fatigue and the driver's voice when broadcasting from the speakers. The car has an all-wheel drive system, which provides for a rear differential lock.
It's nice that the clearance was increased by 30 millimeters. In addition, the novelty has a streamlined front end with an abundance of interesting sharp edges.
VW T6 salon
It is very pleasant that the 6th generation salon is spacious, comfortable and cozy. It evokes only positive emotions, thanks to high-quality finishing materials, meticulous assembly and excellent ergonomic components throughout.
Not without a compact functional steering wheel, a highly informative panel with a color display, a front panel with an abundance of compartments and cells, a multimedia system with a 6.33-inch color display that supports music, navigation, Bluetooth, SD memory cards. I was pleasantly pleased with the installation of a door closer for the luggage compartment doors.
The interior features a two-tone interior with contrasting seams, leather-wrapped multifunction steering wheel and gear lever, and piped textile floor mats. All this is very pleasing to the eye. German designers have done a great job. The heated seats and the Climatronic system ensure a comfortable temperature inside the vehicle.
The display installed on the center console was surrounded by special sensors that automatically detect the approach of the driver's or passenger's hand to the screen and adapt it to the input of information. In addition, they recognize gestures and allow you to perform certain operations in the infotainment system, for example, switching music tracks.
The seats are better and are now 12-way adjustable. Only the weak noise insulation does not shine (however, the VW rivals are not doing better) and the creaking of plastic elements when driving over bumps.
Specifications VW T6
Power unit
A potential buyer may think that in reality the Volkswagen T6 is not that new. However, it is not necessary to judge only by the external appearance. The technical component has changed dramatically.
The engine compartment received two-liter EA288 Nutz power units, developing 84, 102, 150 and 204 horses. There is also a turbocharged petrol version with a similar volume, which produces 150 or 204 horses.
All motors meet Euro-6 environmental standards and come with Start / Stop technology as standard. Fuel consumption has dropped by an average of 15 percent compared to the previous generation.
Transmission
Synchronized power plants with a 5-speed manual gearbox, or with a 7-range robotic DSG gearbox.
Suspension
There is a full-fledged independent spring suspension, which contributes to more comfortable driving. Installed more energy-intensive shock absorbers.
Brake system
All wheels are equipped with disc brakes. The brakes were able to pleasantly surprise. Already the basic version includes not only ABS, but also the electronic stabilization system ESP.
Price and configuration
You can buy a new Volkswagen Transporter T6 in the Russian Federation from 1,920,400 rubles for the basic configuration. In Germany, the commercial variation is estimated at around 30,000 euros, and the passenger Multven around 29,900 euros.
In the basic configuration, the minibus is equipped with stamped 16-inch wheels, two front airbags, an automatic post-accident braking function, a hydraulic power steering, ABS, EBD, ESP, a pair of electric windows, an air conditioning system, audio preparation, and more.
Also (in other trim levels) there is a considerable list of equipment, where you can include adaptive suspension, LED headlights, an advanced multimedia system, 18-inch alloy wheels and so on.
