Model range of domestic SUVs luaz. LuAZ (Lutsk Automobile Plant) From a minicar to a bus

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The Lutsk Automobile Plant (until 1967, the Lutsk Machine-Building Plant - LuMZ) was established in 1959 on the basis of the Lutsk Automobile Repair Plant as part of the program for the technical re-equipment of the Soviet army.

TPK
LuMZ-967

The prototype of the TPK, developed in 1959 at the MZMA as an alternative to the work of the Fitterman group. It all started with the task of creating a light all-terrain vehicle for the then expanding Airborne Forces, suitable for landing without a platform, i.e. just on a parachute system. Initially, the Fitterman group tried to solve this problem in NAMI, inventing something plastic for the Irbit engine, but the military did not like their proposals and, based on the results of the activities of the 1st Main Directorate of the KGB, it was proposed not to dress up, but to copy the BMW model. In a series of cars from 1961 to 1967.

TPK
LuAZ-967

TPK - DEFINITION. Cars - transporters of especially small carrying capacity (400-750 kg.) Are intended for use in the evacuation of the wounded from the battlefield, the supply of ammunition, military technical property as well as the installation of certain types of weapons. Among domestic cars with a 4x4 wheel formula, these include the LuAZ 967 and 967M. These transporters are characterized by high cross-country ability, amphibious qualities, air transport, highly maneuverable and mobile.

TPK LUAZ 967

The vehicle is intended for use in combat formations of units that are in close contact with the enemy. Curb weight - 950 kg, full - 1350 kg. Ground clearance - 285 mm. Height with raised windshield - 1580 mm. MeMZ 967A engine, 37 hp It is possible to tow one trailer weighing up to 300 kg.

When driving on roads at speeds up to 75 km / h, the front wheels are leading. The drive to the rear turns on to overcome difficult areas. There is also a downshift, it is possible to lock the rear axle differential. In addition, to overcome trenches and get out of the water onto an unprepared shore, the LuAZ 967 is equipped with easily removable metal ladders. The car is capable of climbing up to 58%. A winch can be used to pull up loads and wounded in the enemy fire zone, placing the vehicle in cover. The force developed by the winch is 150-200 kgf, the cable length is 100 m.

A feature of the LuAZ 967 is the ability to move along rivers and lakes. The body of the machine is waterproof, which provides a sufficient margin of buoyancy. The LuAZ 967 moves through the water thanks to the rowing effect created by the wheels. Speed afloat - up to 3 km / h.

The driver's seat in the LuAZ 967 is located in the middle, and on the right and left, with some shift back, there are two passenger seats recessed into the platforms. When folded, their backs are in the same plane with the platform, making room for cargo or two wounded on a stretcher.

When secrecy of movement is needed, the driver can drive the car reclining. The steering column is then lowered, the seatback is folded back, and windshield on the engine hood. The instrument panel, mounted on the steering wheel hub extensions, in any case remains in the driver's field of vision.

HISTORY OF CREATION

War in Korea (1949-1953), which Soviet Union supplied military equipment, showed a shortage in the armed forces of a light all-terrain vehicle for transporting the wounded, transporting ammunition, etc. GAZ 69, used at that time for these purposes, had too large dimensions, was clumsy, and often landed on bridges on a field pitted with funnels. It was then that the need arose to create a light floating all-terrain vehicle with a high suspension, suitable for transporting the wounded, preferably capable of landing from aircraft.

The development of a new all-terrain vehicle was taken up by a special group at NAMI under the leadership of B.M. Fitterman (designer of the famous Soviet armored personnel carriers BTR-152). In 1958, the first prototype was made, called NAMI 049. The body was made of fiberglass, the supporting base of the body served as the frame. Suspension - independent torsion bar, trailing arms. The front axle was connected permanently, the rear axle was connected through a lockable center differential. The rear axle differential was also blocked. The distance between the axles (base) was 180 cm. The wheel gears were used in the design, which increased the torque and increased the ground clearance to 28 cm for a loaded car. The engine of the Irbit Motorcycle Plant MD 65 with a power of 22 hp was used in the design. But sea trials of the prototype revealed a number of shortcomings: the fiberglass body was not strong enough, and the engine was too weak.

The second alternative "Zaporozhye" NAMI-049A with a folding
steering column. Body shapes are still reminiscent of the BMW corporate identity.

Various prototypes of the TPK, the latter was held under the symbol ZAZ-967. For a long time they tried to get out exhaust pipes ahead of the hood...

Specialists from the Zaporozhye plant joined the development of the second sample of NAMI 049A. On the basis of the VMW-600 engine, the MeMZ 969 engine with a power of 30 (originally - 27) hp was developed. Instead of a fiberglass, a steel case with a powerful frame was used. The center differential was abandoned, the rear axle became disconnectable. The plate torsion bars were replaced with forged ones, which allowed the suspension to withstand the shock of landing on a parachute. Work was carried out on two versions of the machine - simple and floating. The military chose the second option. To solve the problem of transporting the wounded, the driver's seat was placed in the middle, behind them - back to back - sat an orderly. Stretchers for the wounded were on the sides. The top of the body and partially the sidewalls were covered with a tarpaulin awning. Movement on water was carried out due to the rowing effect of the wheels. The final version was named LuMZ-967. Its production began at the car factory in Lutsk in 1961. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

NAMI-049 "Spark"

This is how the legendary product of the Fitterman group looked like, on the basis of the development of which the well-known civilian LuAZ was born. (avto4x4.narod.ru)

ZAZ-969

The first version of the rural all-terrain vehicle, intended for series production at the Lutsk Automobile Plant based on TPK units. The design was developed by a team of MZMA specialists at the Kommunar plant based on the design results of the Moskvich-415. Contrary to popular belief, it was never produced in Lutsk, a batch of 50 units was produced at the Zaporozhye plant in 1964. There was a ZAZ-969V version without a drive to the rear axle, but apparently it was not mass-produced at all. On the right photo is a replica of the ZAZ-969, manufactured at the Lutsk Automobile Plant based on the LuAZ-969M units. In the photo at the top left - the ZAZ-969 prototype is being tested, there were no doors on it, but there were ladders from the combat vehicle.

ZAZ-971

A kind of side branch of the development of ZAZ-969, when units from it and from LuMZ-967 were used to create all-wheel drive vehicles based on the ZAZ-970. In the first photo and the photo on the left is the ZAZ-971D model in long-wheelbase and short-wheelbase versions, allegedly designed for the needs of the army. On the second photo - ZAZ-971B, four-wheel drive cargo van, on the third - ZAZ-971V, six-seater minivan. The 971B and 971V cars were almost indistinguishable from the corresponding models of the 970 series, differing from them only in a higher suspension and "all-terrain" tires on disks. The ZAZ-971G (flatbed truck) model did not exist in nature, but there are fake photos of it, where the ZAZ-970G has something resembling a lockable cross-axle differential attached to the front axle.

LuMZ-969V

An alternative version of the "969" model, developed in 1965 and produced since 1966 at the Lutsk plant. It went down in history as the first Soviet front-wheel drive car, since the capacities of the Lvov plant (supplier of LuMZ) at that time made it possible to provide only army supplies of LuMZ-967 with rear axle kits. For a number of machines, the gearbox had a special shank to drive all kinds of agricultural machinery. Produced only about a year and a half. It was from him that the first popular name of this model came - “lumumzik”.

LuAZ-969

After the elimination in 1971 (according to other sources - in 1969) of the shortage of components for the rear axles, this model went into series, which was produced until 1975 and was already a completely all-wheel drive car. Due to the fashion that existed in those years for the creation of so-called "associations", LuAZ was merged with ZAZ, and for some time the produced LuAZs were documented as ZAZ-969 (not to be confused with ZAZ-969 of the 1964 model).

LuAZ-969 van

The cargo modification LuAZ-969, which was supposed to be released a little earlier (in 1967), was supposed to receive the LuAZ-969F index. According to reports, it was not implemented in metal, since there were not enough components even for the release of the basic modification. As a result, the people unanimously began to put up “booths” from heels. (http://luaz.narod.ru)

LuAZ-969A

After the Melitopol Motor Plant mastered the production of more than powerful engine MeMZ-969A since 1975, this model has replaced the 969th on the conveyor and was produced until 1979. In 1977, a batch of these cars with all-metal bodies was produced, but I could not find out their factory index, foreign sources mention that they were called LuAZ-969F, but this is unlikely, since the letter “F” in this family belonged to vans. (http://luaz.narod.ru/969a/969a—1.htm)

LuAZ-967M

Modification of TPK, unified in terms of units and assemblies with models 969A-969M. Or vice versa 🙂 . In the photo - corroded Bundes fishing. Photo courtesy of AutoBild magazine.

LuAZ-967MP

Modification of the 967M transporter, developed by order of the border troops as a light staff vehicle. It differed from the basic modification by an increased side height and a different configuration of the awning, the absence of removable ladders.

Communication vehicle LuAZ-967M

The modification of the 967M conveyor, intended for transporting a company / battalion radio station, differs from the base model in a different configuration of the awning, regular positions for attaching antennas to the rear right and left along the sides, the absence of removable ladders, in places of which the trenching tool was attached. Later, on its basis, in the interests of the Airborne Forces, a vehicle was created for transporting MANPADS crews, first the Strela, then the Igla of various modifications. Firing from the hands of the calculation was allowed, including on the move (with the awning removed), but not afloat, the ammunition load was four to six missiles.

Fire support vehicles based on LuAZ-967

In the 1970s, on the basis of the LuAZ-967 (first three photos), the plant offered modifications of an amphibious weapon carrier for the Airborne Forces, an automatic grenade launcher (first photo), an ATGM complex (second photo) or a recoilless gun / easel grenade launcher ( third photo). Later, on the basis of the LuAZ-967M, a new modification, armed with a modernized AGS-17M (fourth photo) with an increased ammunition load - a kind of "grenade launcher cart".

LuAZ-969M

In 1979 Lutsk Automobile Plant begins serial production of the LuAZ-969M, an improved modification of the LuAZ 969A, the development of which began in 1974. This model is equipped, like its predecessor, with a 40-horsepower MeMZ-969A engine, however, it is equipped with a separate brake drive with a hydraulic vacuum booster on the front circuit. The appearance of the car was modernized due to a change in the front panels, the shape of the windshield was changed, the doors were equipped with locks, the door windows received a rigid frame and opening “windows”, a soft instrument panel, a safety steering column and “Zhiguli” seats appeared in the cabin.

Even before the launch of the LuAZ 969M series, it was highly appreciated at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements, in 1978 at the international salon in Turin (Italy) it entered the top ten best cars Europe, and in 1979 on international exhibition in Ceske Budejovice (Czechoslovakia) received the Gold Medal as one of the best cars for the villagers. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-2403

Airfield tractor based on LuAZ-969M. Almost the only serial version, originally designed for the use of the VAZ engine. Later, the solutions developed in it were used in the implementation of the LuAZ-13021 variant. It could very well become the basis for a serious modernization of the original model, but, unfortunately, in the conditions of the Soviet automobile industry, this was impossible. Some of the tractors were equipped with orange flashing beacons (see photo on the left). (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

ZAZ-2320

A variant of a dump truck based on the body of the LuAZ-2403 tractor, but with an engine, transmission and electrics from 969M. According to the owner, the factory produced only four copies. A kind of alternative branch of development in relation to 13021, and in my opinion - really more promising. Why "ZAZ" is a mystery of nature, but it is under this index that it passes through the documents.

LuAZ-969MF

A variant of a cargo van based on the LuAZ-969M, a development of a failed cargo variant based on the LuAZ-969, was produced in a limited series. Very often they are simply called LuAZ-969F, which is not entirely correct. Behind him in the photo is one of the first prototypes LuAZ-1301(presumably created no later than 1982-83), which was essentially a deep restyling of the 969M model.

LuAZ-1302

After the modernization of the 969M model carried out in 1988, a car with the new LuAZ 1302 index began to be equipped with 53 - strong four-cylinder engines from "Tavria" MeMZ 245-20 with water cooling, which on average reduced fuel consumption by 16% and significantly reduced noise. The spars of the U-shaped section are stronger than steel. The seats were also borrowed from the Tavria. Appeared new panel devices and additional noise and vibration protection mats. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru) The variant with a regular plastic body instead of an awning had the LuAZ-1302-02 index.

LuAZ-13021 prototype

Cargo long-base modification "969M" in the factory version. Later, the type of onboard body was changed, and the “1302” became the basis for the production model.

LuAZ-13021

Serial cargo modification of the model "1302", which was assembled, in particular, at the Valetta company near Moscow (pictured). Later, in collaboration with "Valetta", the Lutsk-Moscow "hybrid" LuAZ-23021 was made.

LuAZ-13021-03

Modification of the model "13021" with a normal hard cab and sunroof. According to available information, it was assembled only at the plant in Lutsk. A variant of this truck under the LuAZ-23021 brand was made on the basis of the LuAZ-2403 airfield tractor (with a VAZ-2103 engine), but at the same time it was equipped with a rack and pinion steering and gearbox from Moskvich 2141 without a drive to the rear axle, respectively, there was no torsion bar suspension and wheel gears, the front axle had a MacPherson type suspension, the rear axle was made continuous on leaf springs, because of this, the ground clearance decreased from 280 to 200 mm.

LuAZ-13021-04

Long-wheelbase cargo-passenger modification of the model "1302". With mass production, the car could become a very real competitor to all kinds of "farmers" and others like them. This car was created for mobile crews in the maintenance of power lines and pipelines. There are four seats in a double cab, on a shortened cargo platform can carry up to 250 kg of cargo. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-1302-05 "Foros"

According to unverified information, for some time it was produced by the factory “to order”. A kind of "youth-beach" (externally) modification of the LuAZ 1302. It differs from the prototype not only in design and open body with safety arches. Under the hood - 37 strong Italian diesel engine "Lamborghini" LDW 1404. Some technical data for this model: wheel formula - 4x4; load capacity - 400kg; curb weight - 970 kg; full mass- 1370kg; dimensions - length - 3430mm; width - 1610mm; height - 1754mm; ground clearance - 280mm; base - 1800mm; track - 1360mm; engine - number of cylinders - 4; working volume 1372 cm3; power at 3600 rpm - 37.4 hp; torque 8.47kgf.m at 2200 rpm; maximum speed 100 km/h; fuel consumption -7.7 l per 100 km; maximum climb angle 60%; maximum angle roll stability 40 degrees; fording depth 0.5 m; wheels - disks - 51 / 2J / 13; tires - 186 / 65R13; ( http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-13021-07

A variant of the "21-04" model with an extended van-type body with a fiberglass top and a metal tailgate.

LuAZ-13021-08

Modification of the model "21-07" for the needs of first aid. A car for servicing rural paramedical stations and delivering people to the hospital. The top is fiberglass. For convenient placement of stretchers, the rear part of the body is extended by more than 600 mm, and therefore increased rear overhang. The body has four doors: one on the left, two on the right and rear. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

Ukrainian MLRS with NAR S-5 block

Even now, special machines are being created - a kind of home-made MLRS ( jet systems salvo fire). One of the latest examples is one of the most original combat "designs" of our time - the Ukrainian mobile artillery system on a LuAZ jeep. (http://armor.kiev.ua/ptur/)

TPK-2 prototype

The prototype of the three-bridge TPK, the progenitor of the Geologist, was developed on the basis of LuAZ-967M units and assemblies, was tested in 1982-1983. had every chance of being serial machine, but the factory chose to go further and try to create a car with active air suspension.

TPK-2
LuAZ-972

Army predecessor of "Geologist". Further development of the TPK idea. The design feature is an active independent torsion bar hydropneumatic suspension, unified with the LuAZ-1301 model of the 1990 prototype. Both prototypes and this pre-production model were under the factory index 972. Not serially produced.

LuAZ-1901 "Geologist"

When designing the TPK LuAZ 967, a three-axle version of the amphibian transporter was also created on a trial basis on its basis, but these cars did not go into series at that time. However, the idea was not forgotten and at the Kiev Motor Show SIA99 Lutsk Automobile Plant presented an all-wheel drive car off-road LuAZ 1901 "Geologist".

The car is quite remarkable. Firstly, it is three-axle, and with a uniform placement of bridges on the base, which guarantees excellent cross-country ability. The car easily overcomes ditches up to 1.4 meters wide. And the independent suspension of all wheels, combined with a sufficient overall length, ensures exceptionally smooth movement over rough terrain. The car climbs up to 58% and is kept on a side slope of 40 degrees.

Secondly, this car is an amphibian. Water propulsion - traditional for Luazovsk all-terrain vehicles - the rowing effect of the wheels, providing speed on the water up to 5 km / h.

Thirdly, and finally, a three-cylinder diesel engine 3DTN, Kharkov plant named after V.I. Malyshev.

By demonstrating this experimental model, the Lutsk Automobile Plant expected to attract attention primarily power structures, as well as ministries emergencies. But, apparently, it turned out as always ...

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

wheel formula 6x6; load capacity 660 kg; curb weight 1250 kg; gross weight 1900 kg; dimensions length 4522 mm, width 1922 mm, height 1754 mm; ground clearance 285 mm; track 1335 mm; diesel engine 3DTN; number and arrangement of cylinders 3 in a row; working volume 1.5 l; power at 3600 rpm 51 hp; maximum speed 60 km/h; fuel consumption 12 l/100 km; water obstacle width 3000 m; wheels, rims 5J/16, tires 6.96/16 (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-1301 prototype 1984

The first version of the LuAZ-1301. It was essentially a variant of the 969M, which was worn new body, later the motor was replaced with a "Taurian". (http://www.luaz.com/chronik.html)

LuAZ-1301 prototype 1990

An attempt to radically update the lineup of Lutsk SUVs. This car was presented at the Moscow exhibition MIMS-94 in 1994. Had a lot of progressive options, for example - adjustable suspension height ... (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru)

LuAZ-13019

A unique all-wheel drive three-axle truck with increased (there is no higher) cross-country ability based on components and assemblies of the LuAZ-1301 prototype of 1990. (http://www.autoprofi.kiev.ua/index.html)

LuAZ-Proto

An alternative prototype LuAZ-1301, developed in the Leningrad laboratory of NAMI by the Parfenov-Khainov group in 1988-1989. Under the integral hood (which folds back along with the wings), an old friend is hidden - the “Taurian” MeMZ-245 engine. But the transmission is completely original. The gearbox is 6-speed, synchronized, and the first two gears are downshifts. Since there is no center differential in the circuit, the connection front axle only possible in off-road driving mode. The car does not have a transfer case: the drive of the front axle can be switched off - from the front end secondary shaft gearboxes. An interesting feature are hinges equal angular velocities used in the drive not only front (independent, suspended on racks such as McPherson), but also rear wheels. Quite unusual for a jeep is the De Dion rear spring dependent suspension, where the main gear is fixed to the body through soundproofing elements. The power unit, front suspension and final drive are a single unit mounted on a separate subframe. That is, all the mechanics in the assembly can be rolled out from under the car without completely disassembling the body. For the body, a frame-panel design was chosen, in which all the loads are taken up by a stamped steel frame, and the outer panels made of plastic are made removable and do not affect the overall strength of the body. In addition to operational advantages (less susceptibility to corrosion, immunity to minor damage, maintainability), this solution provided some technological advantages. Plastic parts could be painted separately from the body, which made it possible to somewhat reduce the requirements for the heat resistance of plastic and the cleanliness of the surface of stamped parts, and the modernization of the car during the production process was also simplified. The interior of the car is designed for four passengers of the so-called 95% percentile, that is, out of every hundred adults, 95 will find a comfortable position for themselves and only five will experience some discomfort. The split rear seats are designed to move their backrests 100 mm forward, after which the seat width becomes sufficient to accommodate three passengers of the 50% percentile. In the LuAZ-Proto cabin, you can equip comfortable sleeping places or transform the seats into a cargo area. The tailgate folds down to a horizontal position, which increases the loading area. (http://luaz.narod.ru/proto/proto.htm
http://asa.minsk.by/abw/arxiv/251/v-vned.htm)

LuAZ-1301 prototype 2002

In 2002, an updated version of the 1994 model LuAZ 1301 that did not reach the conveyor was presented. Traditionally, the car received four-wheel drive with differential locks. A 1.2-liter MeMZ-2457 engine with a power of 58 hp is used as a power unit. Gearbox - five-speed, the body is completely plastic. The rear door is made of two halves - upper and lower, the spare tire and tools are hidden in niches under the front seats, thus luggage compartment completely free. According to preliminary data, if the car goes into production, its cost will be from $3,000 to $4,500 (then it was at least $5,000), depending on the configuration. (http://www.ujuja.narod.ru http://www.luaz.com)

LuAZ-1301-08

Sanitary modification of the new version 1301. In a non-specialized version, a car with such a body variant could well become a good utility car for the village, for outdoor activities, family ... (http://www.luaz.com)

LuAZ-1301-07

Long wheelbase version 1301, created on the basis of the "nurse" 1301-08. This particular instance had fasteners for flashing beacons on the fairing.

The other day, the Lutsk Automobile Plant Bogdan (LuAZ), which today is officially called the Subsidiary Enterprise Automobile Assembly Plant No. 1 of PJSC Automotive Company Bogdan Motors, celebrated its 60th anniversary.

The history of this enterprise knew both ups and downs. And the profile of activity during this time he had to change four times. But it was in Lutsk that the first front-wheel drive car in the USSR was produced, 15 years earlier than AvtoVAZ. And LuAZ has plenty of such achievements. But the main thing is that the plant continues to produce equipment today, to develop new models and markets. What were those 60 years like?

Start
Like the entire automotive industry in Ukraine, the Lutsk Automobile Plant originates from the production and repair of agricultural machinery. In its place were workshops for the repair of agricultural equipment.

The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR on February 2, 1949 “On the reorganization of inter-district overhaul workshops ...” becomes a turning point. In this document, the construction of a new plant was planned. In 1951, the first buildings began to be erected in Lutsk, and already on August 25, 1955, by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, the Lutsk repair plant was put into operation. In September, the first products were already produced here, which is why September is considered to be the start date of the plant's history.

At first, the enterprise with a staff of only 238 people produces spare parts for the GAZ-51, GAZ-63 involved in agriculture, carries out their overhaul, and manufactures products for the needs of the Ministry of Agriculture.

On September 3, 1959, the plant became a machine-building plant. His specialization is also changing. Now bodies for the GAZ-51, car shops, trailers, refrigerated trucks and special-purpose products, as well as body parts are produced in Lutsk. With the gradual increase in space, the production program is also expanding. The production of automobile repair shops and small-tonnage refrigerators begins.

But 10 years after its founding, the history of LuAZ is changing dramatically again. LuAZ owes its birth as an automobile manufacturing plant to the war in Korea, the Irbit motorcycle plant (Ural motorcycles) and Zaporozhye plant Kommunar (ZAZ). An epochal model for LuAZ was the leading edge conveyor (TPK or LuAZ-967).

After the war in Korea, where equipment from the USSR took part, it became clear that the GAZ-69 SUV was too large and vulnerable for military operations. At the forefront, a very different car is needed, like the DKW Munga. Then NAMI creates several prototypes. At the beginning, with a motorcycle engine, they want to produce it at the Irbit Motorcycle Plant, but such a machine turned out to be too “raw”. Then they plan to produce another prototype in Zaporozhye, but due to a lack of production capacity at the young Kommunar automobile plant, they are looking for another production site. For the Lutsk plant, this was a finest hour. In addition, ZAZ is developing and civilian version ZAZ-969 and even produce the first experimental batch there, and then transfer all the documentation to Lutsk. So, the car factory has two models at once.

TPK - it was a purely army vehicle, in fact - a motorized cart that can parachute, in addition to the driver, it can carry a couple more stretchers or six seated wounded, does not exceed half a meter in height and has four-wheel drive and a winch.

In addition, TPK is an amphibian that moves through the water due to the rotation of the wheels. Her tasks in the army were different: the removal of the wounded from the front line, the supply of ammunition, the towing of light guns. The driver could control the TPK while lying on the seat or even crawling, moving next to the car and barely holding on to the steering wheel. TPK or Luaz-967 - unique car. He probably has no analogues, except for the Steyr-Puch Haflinger. And with TPK, the success of the Lutsk Automobile Plant began. The transporter entered service with the USSR army in 1969, was used in the airborne troops and motorized rifle units, and was also supplied to the countries of the Warsaw Pact. He stayed on the assembly line until 1989 and would be relevant even today. After all, there are simply no front line transporters in the Ukrainian army now.

But in addition to the army transporter, the country needed a simple, unpretentious and very passable SUV, and even as cheap as possible. It was created in record time. In 1965, when the first small cars began to be produced in Zaporozhye, two bureaus were created in Lutsk under the department of the chief designer to develop technical documentation on the car ZAZ-969 with all-wheel drive. In December 1966, the first 50 small cars ZAZ-969V. By design, it was as close as possible to the TPK, but already had a more civilized body with a canvas top. Despite the external unpretentiousness, it was revolutionary car ahead of its time in two respects.

The first Soviet "front-wheel drive" or the era of "Volynyanka"
On December 11, 1966, by order of the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR, the Lutsk Machine-Building Plant was renamed into an automobile plant and officially became LuAZ. In 1971, LuAZ was assigned specialization in the production of cars increased cross-country ability for the needs of agriculture and special purpose vehicles. But LuAZ mass-produces cars already in 1967. Yes, and what! It was in Lutsk that they were the first in the USSR to produce front-wheel drive cars.

Photo from their archive "Bogdan"

Yes, this fact is not widely advertised, but it is true. Before the VAZ-2108, ZAZ-1102 and Moskvich-2141 appeared on the conveyor, it was even more than a decade and a half. And it happened so, one might say, by accident. The fact is that the civilian LuAZ had a plug-in rear axle. By the beginning of serial production, the Melitopol Motor Plant did not have time to provide the new model with a rear axle gearbox, and therefore it went into the LuAZ-969V series with front-wheel drive, and the letter “B” (temporary) appeared in the model designation to distinguish the front-wheel drive modification from all-wheel drive. Until the beginning of the 1970s, more than 7,000 such front-wheel drive LuAZs were made. Then the problems with the components were resolved, the car gained all-wheel drive and its original index, LuAZ-969. But even in this version, it was possible to turn off the rear axle and the car became front-wheel drive.

The need for inexpensive off-road vehicles was so huge that in 1976 the enterprise began reconstruction for the production of 50 thousand cars a year. At that time, LuAZ cost 5,100 rubles and was the only SUV that was freely sold to the public. Neither GAZ-69 nor UAZ-469 were sold to civilians.

In 1979, the assembly line appears new model LuAZ-969M, with a more modern design, new dashboard. In addition, the modernization of the plant has already been completed, and already on September 24, 1982, the 100,000th car rolls off the assembly line in Lutsk.

It should be noted that the LuAZ-969 was not only ahead of its time, but actually became the first mass-produced compact civilian B-class SUV in the world. It was more than 20 years before the appearance of the Suzuki Samurai. Meticulous historians will certainly be able to cite LuAZ analogues, the same Italian Samas Yeti-903 or the Austrian Steyr-Puch Haflinger, but they were produced in small quantities. And in Lutsk there was mass production. It is now that almost every manufacturer strives to have a B-class crossover in its range, and LuAZ already had such a car in the 60s.

True, it is necessary to clarify here that in those days the fashion for small SUVs in the world had not even been born yet. And at first, LuAZ did not even think about exporting. In April 1983, the first cars still go abroad through the All-Union AutoExport company. The debut was more than successful. Importers tried the inexpensive and unpretentious LuAZ-969M and began to promote it not only for farmers, but as a youth, beach SUV, adventure car. Abroad, the car went under the name Luaz Volyn and received the nickname "Litlle UAZ"

For a youth SUV, LuAZ lacked the power of a 40-horsepower engine, and local importers were the first to experiment with replacing the air-cooled MeMZ engine with foreign ones. For example, the Italian dealer company Martorelli (which was also involved in the import of UAZs) offered LuAZs with Ford engines volume of 1.1 liters. Already in the 90s in Italy they began to install even Lambordhini diesel engines on LuAZs (not to be confused with supercars, these were engines from small tractors).

In the vastness of the USSR, LuAZ-969M is gaining particular popularity in countryside, among hunters and fishermen due to its unique cross-country ability. What names were not given to this SUV: "Volyn", "Bagpipe", "Volynets", "Volynyanka", "Lunokhod", "Luntik". He could pass where UAZs and Niva gave way, and sometimes he could give odds to the Urals. But LuAZ-969M had significant disadvantage- This is an air-cooled engine that overheated during long off-road driving and a very capricious “stove”. And when a motor from Tavria MeMZ-245 with a power of 53 hp appeared under the hood. liquid-cooled, the popularity of "Volynyanka" has increased again. This modification received the designation LUAZ-1302 and was produced until 2001.

Hope for LuAZ-1301
Back in the 80s, LuAZ was working on the next generation of the car. He is assigned the index 1301, and the modification of the previous LuAZ-969 with the "Taurian" engine went into the series earlier, although it had the following ordinal index 1302.

The designers endowed the LuAZ-1301 with unique properties. It was supposed to be the first car in the USSR with plastic body panels. It was still a unique cross-country SUV, already with larger diameter wheels, with an engine liquid cooling and hard, not a canvas top.

The collapse of the USSR crossed out all the hopes of the plant. The new model does not have time to put into production, although it was almost ready. Army orders are falling sharply, exports are disappearing at once, with the advent of used foreign jeeps on the Ukrainian market, the demand for outdated LuAZs is falling.

LuAZ designers in the 90s create an incredible number of modifications, trying to find a new market niche. Every year, LuAZ pleased either with an elongated modification 13021-04, or with a LuAZ-13021 pickup truck or a 13021-07 van, or with a beach version of the LuAZ-1302-05 Foros, even an ambulance for the countryside LuAZ-1302-08 is being created. The plant begins to produce cars with a plastic roof, with various motors, even began to install diesel units. But output volumes decreased from year to year, and inflation ate up all incomes. The plant has actually stopped. It seemed to be a dead end.

But on April 14, 2000, the Ukrprominvest concern became the owner of 81.12% of the plant's shares, and LuAZ began the next stage. The new managers who have arrived have a good sense of the market situation, and in the same year they launch the SKD-assembly of popular VAZs and UAZs in Lutsk. The plant not only resumed the production of Volynyanka, but also assembled 648 UAZs, 2250 VAZ-21093 units in a year. Every year, the volumes grow, and LuAZ becomes the largest car assembly plant in Ukraine, where VAZ-21093, VAZ-21099, VAZ-2107, VAZ-2104, VAZ-21213, UAZ-3160, UAZ-31514 were assembled at different times, then separate Kia and Hyundai models are added, assembly of Hyundai HD-65 trucks begins. The plant is getting back on its feet and is already thinking about launching its own LuAZ-1301 model.

In 2002, a prototype of a new generation of SUVs LuAZ-1301 was created in Lutsk. The car turned out to be quite successful and proved to be quite good during the tests. She still has a plastic body, a removable roof that easily turns an SUV into a convertible, a modern interior and a 1.2-liter engine from Tavria-Nova. The owner of the plant is already considering investments in the launch of mass production, and LuAZ designers present a whole range of modifications: a 5-door station wagon, a pickup truck, a medical car, a car for special services. It seemed that the LuAZ-1301 was about to go into production. The popular automotive website www.autoconsulting.ua even hosted a competition for a name for this SUV and its tuning options. A small experimental batch of LuAZ-1301 was also produced. But the early 2000s is the time low prices on Russian cars. For example, VAZ models then they cost up to $4,000, and hundreds of thousands were produced. LuAZ-1301 needed to have an even lower price tag, and with small production volumes this was not realistic to achieve.

On October 28, 2009, LuAZ officially changed its name and became known as the Public Joint Stock Partnership " Car company Bogdan Motors (abbreviated as AT AK Bogdan Motors). A new era has begun at the plant again.

The era of urban transport
In June 2005, the board of directors of the Bogdan corporation made a strategic decision to replace production, which later received the name "Castling". Thus, the production of the popular Bogdan buses was transferred from Cherkasy to Lutsk, and the production and assembly of passenger cars was transferred from Lutsk to Cherkasy. A new automobile plant with a capacity of 120-150 thousand cars per year is being built in Cherkassy, and it is more logical to concentrate all automobile projects around it.

LuAZ once again changes its profile and becomes the key bus factory for Ukraine. From June 2005 to April 2006, the plant creates conditions for the production of 1.5 thousand trolleybuses and buses per year. On April 6, 2006, LuAZ OJSC presents a new bus program and 300 additional jobs appear at the plant. During the second phase of the reconstruction, up to 70,000 m² of production covered space is created at the enterprise, and the production capacity is increased to 4,000 buses and trolleybuses. Investments in production amount to 70 million dollars. Now the former LuAZ is the largest urban transport manufacturer in Ukraine. The plant masters the production of buses of all classes and trolleybuses of large and especially large segment. New models leave its shops, which can be seen today in almost every city of Ukraine.

And again, the Lutsk plant "Bogdan" becomes an innovator in Ukraine already in a new role. It is here that the country's first diesel-electric hybrid bus is being built. "Bogdans" break through to the European market. The plant, together with the Polish company Ursus, managed to win the tender of the city of Lublin and complete it ahead of schedule.

In 2014, the Bogdan A70100 electric bus was introduced, and in 2015, the plant was the first in Ukraine to begin production of Euro-5 A50232 buses with an Iveco engine.

Factory workers " car assembly plant No. 1 PJSC Bogdan Motors looks to the future with confidence. For 60 years, the plant has completely changed its profile of activity four times, and each time it has been successful. Moreover, the products of the Lutsk plant have always been in demand by the market. The uniqueness of the plant and the team is that in a small number (for all the time 491 thousand cars were produced here) they manage to leave the brightest mark in history. And for this reason, LuAZ is sure to be in serious collections.

So now, buses and trolleybuses "Bogdan" are known to every inhabitant of Ukraine. They will also be remembered over the years as the TPK transporter, LuAZ-969 and Lutsk VAZs. glorious history Lutsk plant continues.

Reference

In total for the period 1966-2008. 491 thousand cars were produced at the Lutsk plant. Of these, 269 thousand "Volynyanka" LuAZ, 168 thousand cars of other brands (SKD-assembly).
For 60 years, the plant has produced more than half a million units of products. 54 thousand car shops 5.5 thousand trucks and 3.5 thousand buses and trolleybuses.

Source © Bogdan Auto

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Lutsk Automobile Plant originates from the production and repair of agricultural machinery. In its place were workshops for the repair of agricultural equipment.

But 10 years after its founding, the history of LuAZ is changing dramatically again. LuAZ owes its birth as an automobile manufacturing plant to the war in Korea, the Irbit motorcycle plant (Ural motorcycles) and the Zaporozhye Kommunar plant (ZAZ). An epochal model for LuAZ was the leading edge conveyor (TPK or LuAZ-967).

After the war in Korea, where equipment from the USSR took part, it became clear that the GAZ-69 SUV was too large and vulnerable for military operations. At the forefront, a very different car is needed, like the DKW Munga. Then NAMI creates several prototypes. At the beginning, with a motorcycle engine, they want to produce it at the Irbit Motorcycle Plant, but such a machine turned out to be too “raw”. Then they plan to produce another prototype in Zaporozhye, but due to a lack of production capacity at the young Kommunar automobile plant, they are looking for another production site. For the Lutsk plant, this was a finest hour. In addition, a civilian version of the ZAZ-969 is being developed at ZAZ and even the first experimental batch is being produced there, and then all the documentation is transferred to Lutsk. So, the car factory has two models at once.

TPK - it was a purely army vehicle, in fact - a motorized cart that can land, in addition to the driver, it can carry a couple more stretchers or six seated wounded, does not exceed half a meter in height and has four-wheel drive and a winch.

In addition, TPK is an amphibian that moves through the water due to the rotation of the wheels. Her tasks in the army were different: the removal of the wounded from the front line, the supply of ammunition, the towing of light guns. The driver could control the TPK while lying on the seat or even crawling, moving next to the car and barely holding on to the steering wheel. TPK or Luaz-967 is a unique car. He probably has no analogues, except for the Steyr-Puch Haflinger. And with TPK, the success of the Lutsk Automobile Plant began. The transporter entered service with the USSR army in 1969, was used in the airborne troops and motorized rifle units, and was also supplied to the countries of the Warsaw Pact. He stayed on the assembly line until 1989 and would be relevant even today. After all, there are simply no front line transporters in the Ukrainian army now.

But in addition to the army transporter, the country needed a simple, unpretentious and very passable SUV, and even as cheap as possible. It was created in record time. In 1965, when the first small cars began to be produced in Zaporozhye, two bureaus were created in Lutsk under the department of the chief designer to develop technical documentation for the ZAZ-969 car with all-wheel drive. In December 1966, the first 50 small cars ZAZ-969V were assembled at the plant. By design, it was as close as possible to the TPK, but already had a more civilized body with a canvas top. Despite the external unpretentiousness, it was a revolutionary car that was ahead of its time in two ways at once.

The first Soviet "front-wheel drive" or the era of "Volynyanka"

On December 11, 1966, by order of the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR, the Lutsk Machine-Building Plant was renamed into an automobile plant and officially became LuAZ. In 1971, LuAZ determined the specialization in the production of passenger cars with increased cross-country ability for the needs of agriculture and special-purpose vehicles. But LuAZ mass-produces cars already in 1967. Yes, and what! It was in Lutsk that they were the first in the USSR to produce front-wheel drive cars.

Yes, this fact is not widely advertised, but it is true. Before the VAZ-2108, ZAZ-1102 and Moskvich-2141 appeared on the conveyor, it was even more than a decade and a half. And it happened so, one might say, by accident. The fact is that the civilian LuAZ had a connected rear axle. By the beginning of serial production, the Melitopol Motor Plant did not have time to provide the new model with a rear axle gearbox, and therefore it went into the LuAZ-969V series with front-wheel drive, and the letter “B” (temporary) appeared in the model designation to distinguish the front-wheel drive modification from all-wheel drive. Until the beginning of the 1970s, more than 7,000 such front-wheel drive LuAZs were made. Then the problems with the components were resolved, the car gained all-wheel drive and its original index, LuAZ-969. But even in this version, it was possible to turn off the rear axle and the car became front-wheel drive.

In 1979, a new model LuAZ-969M appeared on the conveyor, with a more modern design, a new dashboard and increased comfort. At the Turin Motor Show, she even wins an award and is among the "top ten" best cars in Europe. In addition, the modernization of the plant has already been completed, and already on September 24, 1982, the 100,000th car rolls off the assembly line in Lutsk.

It should be noted that the LuAZ-969 was not only ahead of its time, but actually became the first mass-produced compact civilian B-class SUV in the world. It was more than 20 years before the appearance of the Suzuki Samurai. Meticulous historians will certainly be able to cite analogues of LuAZ, the same Italian Samas Yeti-903, but it was produced in small quantities. And in Lutsk there was mass production. It is now that almost every manufacturer strives to have a B-class crossover in its range, and LuAZ already had such a car in the 60s.

For a youth SUV, LuAZ lacked the power of a 40-horsepower engine, and local importers were the first to experiment with replacing the air-cooled MeMZ engine with foreign ones. For example, the Italian dealer Martorelli (which also imported UAZs) offered LuAZs with 1.1-liter Ford engines. Already in the 90s in Italy, even Lambordini diesel engines began to be installed on LuAZs (not to be confused with supercars, these were engines from small tractors).

In the vastness of the USSR, LuAZ-969M is gaining particular popularity in rural areas, among hunters and fishermen due to its unique cross-country ability. What names were not given to this SUV: "Volyn", "Bagpipe", "Volynets", "Volynyanka", "Lunokhod", "Luntik". He could pass where UAZs and Niva gave way, and sometimes he could give odds to the Urals. But the LuAZ-969M had a significant drawback - it was an air-cooled engine that overheated during long off-road driving and a very capricious "stove". And when a motor from Tavria MeMZ-245 with a power of 53 hp appeared under the hood. liquid-cooled, the popularity of "Volynyanka" has increased again. This modification received the designation LUAZ-1302 and was produced until 2001.

The designers endowed the LuAZ-1301 with unique properties. It was supposed to be the first car in the USSR with plastic body panels. It was still a unique all-terrain SUV, with larger wheels, a liquid-cooled engine, and a hard, rather than canvas, top.

LuAZ designers in the 90s create an incredible number of modifications, trying to find a new market niche. Every year, LuAZ pleased either with an elongated modification 13021-04, or with a LuAZ-13021 pickup truck or a 13021-07 van, or with a beach version of the LuAZ-1302-05 Foros, even an ambulance for the countryside LuAZ-13021-08 is being created. The plant begins to produce cars with a plastic roof, with various engines, even began to install diesel units. But output volumes decreased from year to year, and inflation ate up all incomes. The plant has actually stopped. It seemed to be a dead end.

But on April 14, 2000, the Ukrprominvest concern became the owner of 81.12% of the plant's shares, and LuAZ began the next stage. The new managers who have arrived have a good sense of the market situation, and in the same year they launch the SKD-assembly of popular VAZs and UAZs in Lutsk. The plant not only resumed the production of Volynyanka, but also assembled 648 UAZs, 2250 VAZ-21093 units in a year. Every year, where at different times the assembly of VAZ-21093, VAZ-21099, VAZ-2107, VAZ-2104, VAZ-21213, UAZ-3160, UAZ-31514 was carried out, then separate Kia, Hyundai models are added, the assembly of trucks begins Hyundai HD-65. The plant is getting back on its feet and is already thinking about launching its own LuAZ-1301 model.

In 2002, a prototype of a new generation of SUVs LuAZ-1301 was created in Lutsk. The car turned out to be quite successful and proved to be quite good during the tests. She still has a plastic body, a removable roof that easily turns an SUV into a convertible, a modern interior and a 1.2-liter engine from Tavria-Nova. The owner of the plant is already considering investments in the launch of mass production, and LuAZ designers present a whole range of modifications: a 5-door station wagon, a pickup truck, a medical car, a car for special services. It seemed that the LuAZ-1301 was about to go into production. The popular automotive site www.autoconsulting.ua even hosted a competition for a name for this SUV and its tuning options. A small experimental batch of LuAZ-1301 was also produced. But the beginning of the 2000s is a time of low prices for Russian cars. For example, VAZ models then cost up to $4,000, and were produced in hundreds of thousands. LuAZ-1301 needed to have an even lower price tag, and with small production volumes this was not realistic to achieve.

At one time, an AUTO-Consulting correspondent even managed to drive this hope car, which proudly carried the LuAZ logo. But, alas, in 2006, the director of the enterprise, Vladimir Gunchik, one of the "fathers" of the LuAZ-1301, was forced to admit:
that the production of their own jeep will be unprofitable, and the model "line" has long been outdated, and will not be continued. Thus, the LuAZ-1301 project was finally buried. And the LuAZ brand began to fade.

On October 28, 2009, LuAZ officially changed its name and became known as the Public Joint-Stock Partnership Automobile Company Bogdan Motors (abbreviated as JSC AK Bogdan Motors). A new era began again at the plant.

LuAZ once again changes its profile and becomes a key bus plant for Ukraine. From June 2005 to April 2006, the plant creates conditions for the production of 1.5 thousand trolleybuses and buses per year. On April 6, 2006, LuAZ OJSC presents a new bus program and 300 additional jobs appear at the plant. During the second phase of the reconstruction, up to 70,000 m² of production covered space is created at the enterprise, and the production capacity is increased to 4,000 buses and trolleybuses. Investments in production amount to 70 million dollars. Now the former LuAZ is the largest urban transport manufacturer in Ukraine. The plant masters the production of buses of all classes and trolleybuses of a large and extra large segment. New models leave its shops, which can be seen today in almost every city of Ukraine.

In 2014, the Bogdan A70100 electric bus was introduced, and in 2015, the plant was the first in Ukraine to begin production of Euro-5 A50232 buses with an Iveco engine.

The factory workers of the Automobile Assembly Plant No. 1 of Bogdan Motors PJSC look confidently into the future. Over 60 years, the plant has completely changed its profile of activity four times, and each time it has been successful. Moreover, the products of the Lutsk plant have always been in demand by the market. that in a small number (for all the time 491 thousand cars were produced here) they manage to leave the brightest mark in history... And for this reason, LuAZ is sure to be in serious collections.

So now, buses and trolleybuses "Bogdan" are known to every inhabitant of Ukraine. They will also be remembered over the years as the TPK transporter, LuAZ-969 and Lutsk VAZs. The glorious history of the Lutsk plant continues.

Help AUTO-Consulting
In total for the period 1966-2008. 491 thousand cars were produced at the Lutsk plant. Of these, 269 thousand "Volynyanki" LuAZ, 168 thousand cars of other brands (SKD-assembly).
For 60 years, the plant has produced more than half a million units of products. 54 thousand car shops, 5.5 thousand trucks and 3.5 thousand buses and trolleybuses.

LuAZ (Lutsk Automobile Plant) is a legend of the Soviet automotive industry. At present, Lutsk Automobile Plant OJSC is part of the Bogdan Corporation and is engaged in the production of cars of the VAZ, KIA, Hyundai model range, as well as commercial vehicles - buses and trolleybuses.
The history of the enterprise began in 1951, when, after the issuance of the relevant resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, the construction of a repair plant began in Lutsk, which lasted four years. And on August 25, 1955, the Lutsk repair plant was put into operation. The main products of the plant are spare parts for GAZ-51 and GAZ-63 vehicles, as well as repair equipment used to meet the needs of the Ministry of Agriculture.
In 1959, the plant was retrained as a machine-building plant and received a new name, Lutsk Machine-Building Plant (LuMZ). In addition, its specialization is also changing: the issue of car bodies, refrigerators, as well as other types of specialized automotive equipment.
In 1966, the first civilian car of its own production, ZAZ-969V, was produced, which was an improved version of the famous Zaporozhets. With the start of the release of this model in Volyn appeared new industry mechanical engineering - automotive. On December 11, 1966 Lutsk Machine-Building Plant was renamed into Lutsk Automobile Plant.
In the period from 1966-1971. exclusively front-wheel drive LuAZ-969V models left the factory assembly line, but already in 1971 the car was somewhat redesigned: the drive became full, and the engine became more powerful. In 1975, the Lutsk Automobile Plant formed an association together with the largest automobile plant in Zaporizhia, Kommunar. In the same year, serial production of LuAZ-967M cars begins, and the development of a fundamentally new, fourth, model continues.
In 1979, a new model with the 969M index was put on the conveyor, which compares favorably with previous models not only exterior, but also improved technical characteristics.
On September 22, 1982, the 100,000th car rolled off the assembly line of the Lutsk Automobile Plant, and in April 1983, the export activity of the plant began.
In March 1990, delegations from the Swiss company "Ipatco" and the American company "Chrysler" came to the plant. As a result of the talks, cooperation agreements were signed.
In 1990, the production of LuAZ-1302 began. Outwardly, he practically did not differ from his predecessor, and the main role in his popularization was played by new engine. The 1302nd model was equipped with a 53-horsepower unit, which, moreover, became more reliable.
Also in 1990, a record number of cars in the history of the plant was assembled - 16,500 units. In 1992, by order of the general director of the AvtoZAZ production association, the plant was removed from the Kommunar association. The plant is being transformed from state-owned to open Joint-Stock Company JSC "LuAZ"
At the same time, the plant begins to experience difficult times. Wages are delayed, which leads to a sharp decline in production. The plant was in such an uncertain position until February 2000, when the management of the enterprise signed a cooperation agreement with the Ukrprominvest concern. According to this agreement, the assembly of VAZ cars was started at the plant in Lutsk.
In April 2000, a tender was held for the sale of 81.12% of the shares of the Lutsk Automobile Plant, the winner of which was the concern "Ukrprominvest" (CJSC "Ukrainian Industrial and Investment Concern"). A month later, in the LuAZ workshops that had stopped by that time, a SKD assembly of VAZs and UAZs was established.
In 2002, the pace of assembly continued to increase: Izh cars were added to VAZs and UAZs, and later, assembly of Kia, Isuzu, and Hyundai trucks began.
In 2005, the Lutsk Automobile Plant became part of the Bogdan Corporation. In the autumn of the same year, the enterprise began SKD assembly of Hyundai and Kia passenger cars.
From June 2005 to April 2006, the plant creates conditions for the production of 1.5 thousand trolleybuses and buses per year. April 6, 2006 JSC "LuAZ" presents a new bus program.
In 2006, Lutsk Automobile Plant OJSC was renamed into Bogdan Automobile Plant OJSC. In the same year, the second stage of the bus program began, within which it was planned to increase production to 6,000 buses and trolleybuses per year.
The year 2007 was marked by the start of production of the Lanos model in Lutsk, however, the corporation continued to focus on the production of large urban vehicles. So the Bogdan concern began the production of tourist buses, and in 2008 a plant for the production of trucks and commercial vehicles was opened in Cherkasy.
Production started in 2009 commercial vehicle own design- Bogdan 2310, based on the well-known model Lada 2110.
Today, Bogdan Motors is the largest automobile manufacturer in the CIS, specializing in the production of cars and commercial vehicles. All models are manufactured using high quality domestic and foreign firms on high-tech equipment of German and Japanese production.

LuAZ-969, or "Volyn", as it is also called, is a Soviet passenger-and-freight small-capacity all-wheel drive vehicle. The development of the model began in 1966, and the LuAZ plant released it in 1979.

Later, the plant released an updated LuAZ-969A model in 1975, and latest brand, released in 1979, received the name LuAZ-969M. It was produced until 1996.

Although even now he can boast of cross-country ability, but at that time it was a real breakthrough. The secret was simple: low vehicle weight, small wheelbase and high ground clearance. The entire range of LuAZ.

Car history

It all started almost randomly, in the 1950s, the repair shops were initially transformed into a car repair enterprise, and then into a machine-building enterprise. The plant produced agricultural equipment, along with trailers, and workers repaired trucks.

And suddenly, in NAMI, by order of the Ministry of Defense, a forward edge transporter - TPK was developed. It was a completely military concept. There was the presence of a motorized cart, which could be thrown with a parachute from the plane.

Leading Edge Conveyor - TPK

In addition to the driver, a couple of stretchers or six seated passengers could fit on board. The height did not exceed half a meter. Installed an all-wheel drive system and a winch. On top of that, it can be called an amphibian, as it moved through the water with the help of the rotation of the wheels.

The model was intended for transporting the wounded, transporting ammunition, as well as towing small guns. Judging by the photos, it's hard to believe that this is passenger car, but the designers were very warm to their offspring.

So, for example, in some sources, the debut variation, built in the 58th year, had the sweet name NAMI-049 "Spark".

There was the presence of permanent all-wheel drive, interaxle and a pair of interwheel differentials with locks, wheel gears and independent torsion bar suspensions located on trailing arms, not very strong fiberglass body and 22-horsepower motorcycle power unit MD-65.

All this was well suited to the prototype, but by no means for the combat vehicle adopted for service. Therefore, the second prototype, NAMI-049A, had an open steel body with an awning.

During the design improvements, it was decided not to use the center differential, so that you could move on the roadway, where there is a hard surface, the rear axle was made disconnectable.

The most important innovation was the installation of a more powerful 27-horsepower V-shaped 4-cylinder engine, the volume of which was about 0.9 liters. It had air cooling - they wanted to put a similar motor on the improved ZAZ-965A.

And this is not accidental, because specialists from the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant were involved in the development. Just in common with the popular "humped", and a little later "eared", determined the final architecture that touched the military transporter, and what kind of car it was turned into after conversion.

Model Conversion

After the transporter was developed, it was put into production in Lutsk, giving the name LuAZ-967. Sounds weird but similar cars produced from the 61st to the 89th years and occasionally underwent modernization.

The model came into service with the army of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the 69th year. It was used in the Airborne Forces and motorized rifle units. In addition, it was delivered to the Warsaw Pact countries - for example, the GDR army had about 250 vehicles at its disposal.

According to numerous opinions, there are no similar models to this day. The latest upgrade has already touched the 967M, which resembled a lightweight jeep rather than a cart with an engine. Some parts of the elements were unified with cars of other companies (for example, the electrical part was taken from UAZ, and the hydraulics were used from Moskvich).

The scope of the models was significantly expanded - they began to install small machine guns. Even with the beginning of the 90s, triaxial variations were shown, but they remained only prototypes.

The Lutsk Automobile Plant has a rich and eventful history, filled with the development of a large number of progressive technological methods, the introduction of bold and unique ideas, as well as the production of popular vehicles.

The Russian all-terrain vehicle was a "pioneer" in many ways. In particular, an all-wheel drive system was installed on it for the first time, it became the first car for the people, and in particular it was produced specifically for the needs of the rural population.

It is very interesting that the driver could drive the TPK while lying on a chair, or crawling next to the vehicle, while holding on to wheel. This is the case when there is a strong shelling.

The engineering staff of the enterprise did a great job producing this LuAZ car. The technical equipment of the machines was varied using a whole list of the latest technologies. For example, each wheel had its own gearboxes that increased the ride height.

The drive shaft was enclosed in a pipe, with the help of which the car's patency was significantly improved. The wheel suspension was torsion bar and independent. Considering all this, the LuAZ 969 Volyn was distinguished by its ease, which was due to the relatively low number of equipment and the presence of a full-supporting structure.

But the model also had its flaws, so from the beginning of the 1970s, there was a start on modernization. Initially, the design staff of the enterprise tried to increase the power of the power unit. Moreover, restyling has spread to the chassis, bodywork, as well as the interior.

Appearance

Despite its small size, the body consists of an integrated spar-type frame. Volyn is equipped with an awning top, which allows it to be universal. Small doors hang on hinges, thereby simplifying installation and dismantling.

The 969th model differs from other cars in that the wipers are attached from above, and not like other cars - from below, which is positive moment when driving in bad weather.

If in the previous model the arches were necessary only for attaching the awning, then in the “M” version they are already in a reinforced state. They protected the interior when the car rolled over. When updating, the LuAZ-969M received new lighting equipment. Locks were put on the doors, seat belts appeared.

One of the most serious shortcomings of the "bagpipe" body was its predisposition to corrosion. But this minus can be easily solved with a simple brush. The awning does not have any particularly negative points, however, those who like to travel along forest roads should put a solid metal roof.

Then it will no longer be scary that the branches can tear the roof. With the advent of the update, the appearance of the vehicle has changed. For the first time, "Bagpipes" began to have full-fledged windows.

Besides, Special attention was given to the moment with sound insulation. They installed a windshield with a different shape, and the doors were already with locks (this is what you thought about, you didn’t install locks before!).

The front body part has become not so angular, and the car began to look different. Not so easy to believe, however small car, from a small city in the big Soviet Union, was able to achieve international recognition.

And these are not just words, for example, even before mass production, in the 78th year, on International Motor Show, which was in Turin, the 969th model entered the top 10 off-road vehicles in Europe!

It is clear that the automotive market for off-road models was previously a little different, but this does not change the essence of the matter.

Salon

The SUV seat is borrowed from ZAZ. Among the sensors and instruments, you can find an ammeter that shows the voltage in the mains. By the way temperature transmission oil also displayed for the driver.

Interior trim, to put it mildly, leaves much to be desired. Everything is very simple and retro style. The car was clearly not created for urban traffic, but mainly for off-road driving, which means for the village.

Standard for army vehicles instrument panel received more civil view and become more visually pleasing. Some inconvenience comes from the seats, especially this can be attributed to the rear seats.

Very often, vehicle owners decide to change the door upholstery and ceiling covering. This serves to reduce noise. When they decided to upgrade the car, he began to have:

Updated front panel;
A different shape of the windshield;
Doors with locks and window frames;
plastic dashboard;
Safety steering column and armchairs from Zhiguli.

After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, in the 91st year, Ukraine decided to secede from the USSR, so it has already become an independent state. The connections of the automobile enterprise with the Russian Federation were terminated.

In addition to the power unit, model 1302 borrowed chairs from Tavria, because it was already impossible to take from the Zhiguli.

"Volyn" was notable for its good capacity and solid transportation properties. If you fold the tailgate, it was possible to transport quite impressive dimensions there.

Many explain the asceticism of the car interior by the fact that during the use of the model in rural areas, where dust and dirt are inevitable, comfort and rich interior decoration would be the very last thing. Why?

Because cleaning it would always be very problematic. Of course, there is a canvas top, under which it is very hot in summer, and cool in cold weather, so you have to warm yourself with improvised methods.

But together with the driver, six rather massive representatives can go hunting or fishing forte humanity in hunting gear - and this is not every car can.

In the event that the rear seats are laid out, the 969th model can take an additional 400 kilograms of luggage with it, which will be very useful for fishermen and hunters.

Specifications

power unit

Powers the LuAZ-969M MEMZ engine 969A, located in a V-shape and with air-cooled. This of course simplifies the design, but on the other hand, if necessary, does not provide it with proper cooling.

The unit comes with a volume of 1.2 liters and produces 40 horsepower. One of the disadvantages of the LuAZ car is the power unit that migrated from the Zaporozhets. Among the main disadvantages are:

Constant filling with oil;
It is not durable and reliable (the average life of the motor is about 50-60,000 km);
It has a lot of noise and fairly weak power.

Therefore, if you plan to buy this SUV for yourself, you should stock up on a second spare engine.

A similar power unit was installed on some cars of the Zaporozhets brand. Based on the passport data, average consumption fuel, this mini-SUV when driving at a speed of 60 km / h, is 10.0 liters per hundred.

In other words, a full tank of "Bagpipe" should be enough for 300 - 350 km. But you should understand that this car Luaz 969 will not allow you to develop a very large top speed, as it is set at 85 km/h.

However, this should not be too surprising, because it was not created for racing tracks, but for off-road driving, where it fully reveals its advantages. It will not be superfluous to say that the native power unit can be completed so that its power will be increased to 50 horsepower.

It can be called the most optimal solution, since the engine is from other cars, I will entail too much load, and this, in turn, will lead to repeated breakdowns. Gasoline, brand A-76 is used. It accelerates to 80 km / h in 24 seconds.

Transmission

Synchronized engine with 4-speed manual transmission. The capacity of the gas tank is 34 liters. 969M has an independent torsion bar suspension. LuAZ is equipped with a reduction gear, which provides the necessary start and effort in front of any obstacle.

In standard mode, the front wheels drive the machine, but if necessary, you can connect the rear axle and engage the rear differential lock. Both rear and front drums are installed on the car. hydraulic brakes. The machine provides an acceptable cross.

The transmission, on the other hand, stands out for its reliable qualities, although it has its own “surprises”, for example, mixed gears, etc. The gearbox is strong enough, so problems with it, if any, are extremely rare. But it also has its own "surprises", in the form of confused speeds, and so on.

At all speeds forward there is an additional downshift. The clutch is single disc, dry. If we talk about the transmission, then a very simple design is installed on the car, which will not cause problems for car enthusiasts.

But the only drawback is that it's not easy to search necessary spare parts, due to the fact that Luaz has long been discontinued. The details themselves have a completely democratic value. Taking into account the feedback of the owners this SUV, we can conclude that most of them are positive characteristics.

Suspension

The ride height is a solid 280 millimeters. The type of front and rear suspension is independent, torsion bar, where there are trailing arms on the suspension axle. They also provided for the installation of hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers of bilateral functioning.

Brake system. She was borrowed from, which in turn does not broadcast about good quality. The drive is hydraulic, double-circuit. There is a hydraulic vacuum booster - in the hydraulic drive circuit of the front wheels. The hand lever-cable type parking brake acts on the brakes on the rear wheels.

Steering

It is devoid of hydraulic power steering. The steering mechanism includes the presence of a globoidal worm with a two-ridged roller. The steering gear received a bipod, a longitudinal steering rod, a steering trapezoid with left and right pendulum levers, as well as steering knuckles.

The steering column looks good if you properly care for it, for example, regularly lubricate the steering rods with a syringe. Wheel gears often start to leak. Therefore, it is necessary to have repair skills, which, by the way, you will acquire when repairing Luaz.

Specifications

Length, mm	3390
Width, mm	1610
Height, mm	1780
Ground clearance, mm	280
Front track, mm	1325
Rear track, mm	1320
Wheel base, mm	1800
Turning diameter, m	10
Curb weight, kg	960
Gross weight, kg	1360
Drive unit	full
engine's type	petrol
Number of cylinders / arrangement	4/V-shaped
Engine power, hp / rpm	40/4200
Engine displacement, cm³	1200
Type of fuel	A-76
Fuel tank volume, l.	34
Maximum speed, km/h.	90
Fuel consumption in the urban cycle, l per 100 km.	15.0
Fuel consumption on the highway, l per 100 km.	10.0
Fuel consumption in combined cycle, l per 100 km.	12.0
Gearbox type	mechanical, 4 gears
Front / rear suspension	independent, torsion
Front/rear brakes	drums
Tire size	175/80 R13
Disc size	4.5J X 13

Modifications

As you know, the TPK, in which our model was able to be born, had several modifications, for example - three-axle vehicles. It is clear that Volyn itself has a considerable number of variations. Interestingly, the vast majority were produced already in the post-Soviet era on the platform of the 1302 machine.

The enterprise at one time tried to join the laws of the market economy and have time to fulfill the state order. There is information about models where there is a body, an extended wheelbase, a hard top, an extended rear overhang and four doors.

It took place and special version"Foros", which had a "jeeper" appearance and the original 6-wheeled floating "Geologist". These transport models of the "birthmark" army car the leading edge could pass without difficulty in those places where the more massive models of GAZ, UAZ and Niva simply “surrendered”.

Unit 969

LuAZ-969V - the model was produced in the period from 1967 to 1971 and was a temporary version with front-wheel drive.
LuAZ-969 - the car was produced from 1971 to 1975. It was a serial variation and had a 4x4 wheel arrangement.
LuAZ-969A - produced from 1975 to 1979. The car represented the first modernization since power unit MeMZ-969A.
LuAZ-969M is a car of the second modernization, produced from 1979 to 1992. The model came with an updated body.

Reliability and security

If we talk about the durability and reliability of this vehicle, then there are many conflicting opinions among drivers. A clear advantage can be called Zaporozhye itself power system which is included with the machine.

It is located in front, which avoids the difficulty of overheating it. However, it also has its own rather weighty drawback - low motor resource.

Speaking about the devices themselves, which ensure the safety of the driver and passengers of the car, they simply do not exist in this model. There are no seat belts, pillows, which are simply “stuffed” with cars of the latest generations.

Such decisions can be explained quite easily - in those years when the car was designed, no one thought much about it. Therefore, driving such an off-road car, you will get unique sensations that cannot be found on modern jeeps.

Prices and equipment

Since the vehicle was removed from serial production for a long time, it is possible to buy it only second-hand. So that the choice is not erroneous, you need to scrupulously find a car and review a whole stack of ads.

It often happens that the car has been corroded, and it is very unpleasant when the rust eats away at the bottom. Generally speaking, the Bagpipe always had such a drawback, therefore, after the purchase, often car owners there is nothing left but to cook the body in a new way.

Although, if you look at its cost from a different angle, which ranges from $ 200 to $ 1,000, a compact Soviet SUV can be forgiven, if not all, then a lot. Interestingly, you can find ads on the net where a Lutsk car is sold from $3,000 to $5,000.