10/18/2011, “CAMPER”

Are you going on a winter car trip in Europe? Which winter tires to choose? Please note that the rules for using winter tires in different countries ah within the European Union vary.
Before heading to Europe in the winter, you should check local regulations regarding the use of winter tires. After all, despite the fact that in many European countries Winter tires are not required; access to some roads is limited summer tires or without snow chains may be prohibited. This article contains general information about the rules for using winter tires in Europe.

European standards
So far, the emergence of a common set of rules that would apply throughout Europe is not expected. However, in 1992 the EU adopted a general definition of M+S winter tires (Directive 92/23 EEC, 2nd amendment), which reads as follows: “tires whose tread depth and structure provide the best ride quality vehicle on slush or areas of the road covered with fresh or melting snow.

The M+S tire profile features increased longitudinal grooves and/or lugs, the distance between which is greater than on conventional tires.” But if you believe this definition, many of today's winter tires are not - such as the ContiWinterContact TS 810 Sport tires with an asymmetric tread pattern that provides reliable grip on the road. Nothing is said about the composition rubber compound, which plays an important role in winter conditions. But from the definition you can understand what the snowflake sign means, which is applied to most winter tires. This icon can only be marked on those tires that, on a snowy track, provide a 7% improvement in braking with the tires turned on. ABS system compared to conventional tires labeled M+S.

ALBANIA
Winter tires

Spikes
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.
Chains
Carrying a chain on board is mandatory from November 1st to April 30th. Chains must be assembled on the drive axles of trucks and on all wheels of trailers and semi-trailers.

ANDORRA
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.
Spikes
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.
Chains
If there is appropriate road sign the use of chains is mandatory.

AUSTRIA
Winter tires
In Austria, the use of winter tires is mandatory from November 1 to April 15, while all tires with a tread depth of less than 4 mm are considered summer tires. Some trails may require snow chains.
For Vehicle categories M2 and M3 ( Passenger Transportation more than eight passengers) it is mandatory to use winter tires on at least the drive axle from November 1 to March 15. For vehicles of categories No. 2, No. 3 ( freight transport c gross weight more than 3.5 tons) from November 1 to April 15.
In appropriate weather conditions (snow, sleet or ice) for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 3.5 tons or less (M1/No. 1) from November 1 to April 15, winter tires must be on all axles or on the drive axle. chains are on.
The use of chains is only permitted if the roads are covered with a layer of snow or if the roads are icy. Fines can range from €35.00 to €5,000.00.
Minimum profile depth - 4 mm for winter radial tires and 5 mm for bias tires. For commercial vehicles- 5 and 6 mm, respectively.

Spikes
Studded tires are only permitted on vehicles weighing less than 3.5 tonnes, with a speed limit of 100 km/h on motorways and 80 km/h on other roads.

Chains
Chains must be used if indicated by an appropriate road sign. In this case, studded tires must also be equipped with snow chains.

BELGIUM
Winter tires
Although Belgium is not very rich in winter resorts, sometimes winter tires It is still recommended to use: in mountainous regions and on the border with Germany it often snows in winter, and in the west low temperatures are not uncommon. All this significantly increases braking distances. Winter tires not required in these countries.

Spikes
Studded tires are permitted from 1 November to 31 March with a speed limit of 90 km/h on motorways and 60 km/h on other roads for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 3.5 tonnes or less.

Chains

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Winter tires
The use of winter tires is mandatory from November 15th to April 15th. An alternative is summer tires with chains.

Spikes

Chains
During the period from November 1 to April 15, the driver must have chains and a shovel in the car at all times. And at least one set of chains must be on the drive axle.

BULGARIA
Winter tires
Bulgaria

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
From November 1 to March 31, the driver must constantly transport chains in the car, at least on the drive axle. Chains must be used if indicated by a road sign.

GREAT BRITAIN
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is generally permitted. Condition: tires with studs must not damage the road surface.

Chains
Chains can only be used on snow or icy roads.

HUNGARY
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.

Studs Tires with studs are not permitted.

Chains
IN winter period The driver must carry chains in the vehicle at all times. If a road sign “Chains are required” is installed at the border, a vehicle can only cross the border if it has chains on board. When using chains, speed is limited to 50 km/h. At least one drive axle must be equipped with chains.

If chains are used unnecessarily (on a dry road), the driver may be fined.

GREECE
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.

Spikes
Studded tires can be used if weather conditions require it.

Chains
Chains may be used if weather conditions require it.

GERMANY
Winter tires
Winter tires have become mandatory in Germany since December 1, 2010. This is required by a new addition to the rules traffic: Drivers are required to use only tires that comply with European Union regulations 92/23/EWG in icy conditions, snow, sleet and frost. Failure to comply with this norm is punishable by a fine of 40 euros.
What type of winter tires should be used is not a clear-cut question and is still debatable. The regulations 92/23/EWG are considered by many to be outdated. According to some experts, in unfavorable natural conditions, it is necessary to use tires with the designation M + S or all-season. The profile depth must be at least 1.6 millimeters. Other experts believe that the M + S marking is not enough: there must also be a “snowflake” and a profile depth of at least 4 mm.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
The tires of the drive axle of the tractor must be equipped with chains if a road sign indicates this (the requirement only applies to vehicles with more than two wheels). In this case, the maximum speed should not exceed 50 km/h. Snow chains are also permitted on trailers.

DENMARK
Winter tires
In Denmark you can use winter tires, but they are not required. “Spikes” are allowed, although you most likely won’t feel much benefit from them on the country’s highways. At low temperatures It is recommended to install winter tires.

Spikes
From November 1 to April 1, studded tires are permitted with a speed limit of 110 km/h on motorways and 80 km/h on other roads. All tires must be equipped with studs, in the case of a double assembly, at least one of the two tires.

Chains
Use is not permitted.

ITALY
Winter tires
You don't have to use winter tires, although they are still recommended for some routes. In winter, we still do not recommend traveling around Italy without winter tires.

Spikes
If you have studded tires, you should remember the speed limits - 90 km/h outside the city and 50 km/h within the city.

Chains
There are also no special instructions on the use of snow chains.

ICELAND
Winter tires
The use of winter tires is mandatory from November 1st to April 14th. These dates may differ in different years.

Spikes
—
Chains
—

IRELAND
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.

Spikes
Studded tires can be used with speed limits of up to 112 km/h on motorways and 96 km/h on other roads.

Chains
Allowed for use in severe cases weather conditions.

SPAIN
Winter tires

Spikes
Studded tires can only be used from November 15 to March 31 on snowy or icy roads.

Chains
Only if there is a corresponding road sign.

LATVIA
Winter tires
Winter tires in Latvia are mandatory for all vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of less than 3.5 tons in the period from 1 December to 1 March.

Chains
Chains are not mandatory, but may be used in case of snow and ice.

LITHUANIA
Winter tires
The use of winter tires is mandatory for all vehicles up to 3.5 t from November 10 to April 1. Minimum tire profile depending on vehicle category:
— M2—2 mm (from November 10 to April 1—3 mm);
— M3—2 mm; * No. 2 and No. 3—1 mm;
— O3 and O4—1 mm (trailers).

Chains
Chains are not mandatory, but may be used in case of snow and ice.

LUXEMBOURG
Winter tires
The use of winter tires is not mandatory, but is recommended in winter. Fine for emergency situation caused by the lack of winter tires reaches 145 Euro. In the event of an accident, the lack of winter tires also affects the distribution of liability for damage.
If the speed coefficient of winter tires is not sufficient for the speed of the vehicle, these tires cannot be used during the period from April 1 to October 30.

Spikes
Studded tires can be used at speed limits from December 1st to March 31st. This applies to vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of up to 3.5 tonnes, as well as special vehicles and buses.

Chains
Chains can only be used on snowy or icy roads.

MACEDONIA
Winter tires
Winter tires are optional. If they are still used, the profile must be at least 5 mm. If the vehicle is equipped winter tires, the use of chains to move around the city is not necessary.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
Chains must be on board the vehicle between October 15 and March 15.
In case of heavy snowfall, the drive axle of the vehicle must be equipped with chains.
This requirement is not mandatory for trailers or semi-trailers.

NETHERLANDS
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
The use of chains on the road is prohibited.

NORWAY
Winter tires
In case of winter weather conditions, all vehicles must have winter tires, with or without studs, with a minimum profile of 3 mm. An alternative is summer tires with chains.
The requirement does not apply to foreign cars, but is recommended due to liability in the event of an accident.

Spikes
The use of studded tires is prohibited between the first Monday after Easter and until 31 October, unless weather conditions require it.
In Nordland, Tromsø and Finnmark, use is permitted between 15 October and 1 May, with a speed limit of 90 km/h on motorways and 80 km/h on other roads. Authorities may establish exceptions to the rules. In this case, for vehicles with a gross weight of less than 3.5 tons, studded tires are installed on all wheels.

Chains
The use of chains is prohibited between the first Monday after Easter and until October 31, unless weather conditions require it. In Nordland, Tromsø and Finnmark, use is permitted between 15 October and 1 May, with a speed limit of 90 km/h on motorways and 80 km/h on other roads. Authorities may establish exceptions to the rules.
For vehicles with a gross weight of more than 3.5 tons there must be at least three chains: one on front wheel and two for the drive axle. A dual wheel vehicle must be equipped with four chains per drive axle.

POLAND
Winter tires
Winter tires are optional. However, given that the work of snow removal services is far from perfect, traveling around Poland by summer tires may be risky. In addition, Article 66.1 of the Road Traffic Law specifies that every motor vehicle must be constructed, equipped and maintained in such a way as not to endanger either passengers or other road users.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains

PORTUGAL
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
Chains are not required unless indicated by a road sign. In this case, at least the drive axle must be equipped with chains.

ROMANIA
Winter tires
Romania does not yet have laws regulating the use of winter tires, but the Ministry of Transport has announced that drivers will soon be required to equip their vehicles with the appropriate set of tires for the period from November 1 to March 31. New law will come into force in 2011.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
Chains are not required, but may be declared necessary in certain weather conditions.

SERBIA
Winter tires
Winter tires must have a profile of at least 4 mm.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
—

SLOVAKIA
Winter tires
There is no legislation regarding the use of winter tires. However, in the event of an accident, the lack of winter tires is an important argument for the allocation of liability for damage.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
The presence of chains is optional.

SLOVENIA
Winter tires
The use of winter tires is mandatory for all vehicles under 3.5t from November 15 to March 15. The timing may be extended due to difficult weather conditions.
Minimum requirements for vehicles and couplings over 3.5t: The vehicle must be equipped with either winter or radial tires and the tread depth must be at least 4mm.
Summer tires with chains are allowed.
According to Slovenian law, two winter tires per car are sufficient. It is still recommended to install the complete kit.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
Chains are required on board the vehicle if summer tires are used.
Four-wheel drive vehicles must be equipped with chains on the rear axle.
A shovel must be available on board each vehicle.

FINLAND
Winter tires
From December 1 to the end of February, winter tires are mandatory for all vehicles weighing no more than 3.5 tons.
The profile must be at least 3 mm.
Since 1999, this law also applies to foreign vehicles.

Spikes
Studded tires are allowed with a speed limit of 100 km/h on motorways and 80 km/h on other roads from 1 November to 31 March. In this case, all four wheels must be equipped with spikes.

Chains
It is not necessary to have it on board the vehicle.

FRANCE
Winter tires
In France, it is not necessary to change to winter tires, but in the event of an accident, the lack of winter tires is an important argument for the allocation of liability for damage. Despite the fact that there is no law requiring winter tires in France, you should not appear in the Alps without them.

Spikes
Passenger cars must be equipped with studded tires (from the beginning of November to the end of March, while the speed in populated areas should not exceed 50 km/h, and outside settlements- 90 km/h). If there are studs, a special sticker should be placed on the glass.

Chains
Some trails (marked with special signs) may require snow chains. In some cases chains are mandatory (on some mountain passes).

CROATIA
Winter tires
In winter, the vehicle must be equipped with at least two winter tires (M + S) on the drive axle or radial summer tires on all wheels.
The minimum profile is 4 mm.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
In winter, it is mandatory to have a shovel and chains on board the vehicle, at least a set for the drive axle.
Chains should only be used when necessary, if weather conditions require it (snow height of at least 5 cm or icy roads).

CZECH
Winter tires
The use of winter tires may be mandatory if there is a corresponding traffic sign on the side of the road (eg on the D 1 motorway) between 1 November and 1 April.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
Mandatory if there is an appropriate road sign. The drive axle must be equipped with a set of chains.
Maximum speed 50 km/h.
It is mandatory to have chains on board vehicles with a gross weight of more than 7.5 tons.

MONTENEGRO
Winter tires
The minimum profile is 4 mm.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is not permitted.

Chains
—

SWEDEN
Winter tires
For foreigners, it is not necessary to use winter tires in the cold season. Outside the city, it is still recommended to drive with winter tires, since many roads here are not covered with sand.
For local residents, during the period from December 1 to March 31, winter tires with a profile of at least 3 mm are required for vehicles with a gross weight of up to 3.5 tons.

Spikes
The use of tires with studs is allowed from October 1 to April 30. If the vehicle is equipped with studded tires, the trailer must be equipped accordingly.

Chains
As an alternative, chains can be used in winter.

SWITZERLAND
Winter tires
In Switzerland, winter tires are also optional. However, their use is recommended, since drivers using summer tires may be found to be at fault for an accident if the use of winter tires would have allowed it to be avoided.
In general, using winter tires is considered good practice in Switzerland.
The use of winter tires may be mandatory on some roads if there is a corresponding road sign.

Spikes
Spikes and chains are at the discretion of the driver, but on some tracks they may be mandatory. On most autobahns, studded tires are prohibited, and if they are present, the speed limit is 50 km/h within the city and 80 km/h outside it.

Chains
The use of chains is mandatory when there is a traffic sign. Snowfall in the Alps can also occur in summer.

ESTONIA
Winter tires
The use of winter tires is mandatory from December 1 to the end of February, although, depending on weather conditions, the “season” may start earlier or end later.

Spikes
The use of studded tires with a speed limit of up to 90 km/h is permitted from November 1 to May 1 only for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of no more than 3.5 tons. For all wheels, including trailer.

Chains
It is not necessary to have chains on board the vehicle.

Russian citizens planning to visit European countries by car in winter need to know that in some of them it is prohibited by law to drive a car without installed winter tires and provide impressive fines for breaking the rules.

Specialists from Goodyear, one of the leading tire manufacturers in the world, have compiled a list of requirements for the use of winter tires in European countries.

Germany.

Currently there is a ban on the use of summer tires in winter time of the year.

New requirements for winter tires throughout Germany came into force on December 4, 2010. These amendments apply to all motorized vehicles used on the roads, in particular those registered abroad. Winter weather conditions include snow, slush, sleet, frost and ice. It is also worth drawing your attention to the fact that such situations may arise not necessarily at negative temperatures, but also if it is above 0 C. German legislation clearly stipulates that wheels must be suitable for weather conditions, that is, winter or all-season, specifically designed for use in winter. Winter and all-season tires are marked “M+S” and have a snowflake inside a mountain-shaped triangle on the side of the wheel. Car owners using summer tires on their cars are prohibited from driving on the roads in winter. For violation of these requirements, drivers are subject to a fine of 20 euros. If traffic is impeded due to the fault of a driver with tires that are not suitable for the season, the fine will be about 40 euros. You may also be prevented from continuing your trip if the tires are not changed or the weather changes.

Austria.

From November 15, all vehicles in Austria must be equipped with winter tires.
There are also roads in Austria where Additional requirements According to the remaining tread height on winter tires, for example, on high mountain roads, the depth should be at least 4 mm. Restrictions are also imposed on use on some roads, as appropriate road signs inform the driver about.

Switzerland.

There is no clear time frame for using winter tires, but their use is strongly recommended in the winter season. For example, a car driver who causes an accident due to the use of summer tires will be liable for the consequences of an accident if it is proven that the accident could have been avoided by using winter tires. Or winter tires with a remaining tread height of less than 4mm were used. Plus to this Insurance Company, which provides the client with an insurance policy similar to the Russian CASCO, may refuse compensation for damage.

Denmark.

Standards for the use of winter tires in Denmark are not established by law, but their use is highly recommended, dictated by the harsh winter weather conditions in the country.

Norway.

Norwegian law requires the use of “good grip tyres” and a tread depth of at least 3mm. In all cases of road accidents, the police make decisions depending on the situation.

Finland.

In Finland, with its difficult climate, the use of winter tires is prerequisite within the legally established period (from December 1 to March 1), both for Finnish citizens and for vehicles entering the territory of Finland. The tread depth on winter tires must be at least 3 mm; if these rules are violated, the police have the right to impose a hefty fine.

Great Britain.

There is no law regulating the use of winter tires in the UK. However, many motorists from regions familiar with snow have experience driving on winter tires and have managed to appreciate the benefits gained by changing tires depending on weather conditions.

France.

Despite the fact that the French authorities do not legally oblige drivers to use winter tires, their use is recommended in the southeastern, eastern and especially northern regions of the country. Also on some roads in France, drivers are required to use additional winter equipment, such as snow cleats or chains.

Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Past unusual very coldy winter for these countries showed the need for winter tires on the sales market, which were not previously in great demand. Winter tires are becoming increasingly popular among motorists in the Benelux countries due to the significant benefits in driving safety in unpredictable weather conditions. winter conditions. No use of winter tires yet mandatory procedure in these countries, but is recommended, especially if the driver must use his car every day.

Sweden.

In Sweden, the period for the use of winter tires is regulated by law and is mandatory from December 1st to March 31st and applies to secondary or country roads that are heavily snowed and covered with slush. These requirements do not affect tourists traveling in Sweden only if their car is equipped with tires with a tread depth of at least 3 mm.

Estonia.

The use of winter tires in Estonia is mandatory requirement provided for by law in the period from December 1 to April 1. These time frames may be subject to change depending on weather conditions.

The Estonian Tire Union does not support the proposal of the Talin City Hall to introduce a ban on studded tires in Estonia. Executive Director of the Estonian Tire Association Kaur Kuurme said: “Before banning it, it would be worth considering all the pros and cons of studded tires, and not relying on studies from past years.
Since the climate in Estonia is very humid, the danger on icy highways, not to mention country roads, is very high."
The head of the union explained that siped tires are marked with the M+S sign, i.e. all-season, but this does not mean that they correspond to our weather conditions. According to Kuurme, in Germany and Nordic countries The requirements for sipe tires are different. It is extremely risky to use lamella rubber from unfamiliar manufacturers, since their materials may be completely unsuitable in the climatic conditions of Estonia.

Lithuania.

The use of winter tires in Lithuania is mandatory according to the law, the stipulated terms of use are from November 10 to April 1.

Latvia.

In Latvia, from December 1 to May 1, drivers of vehicles with a gross weight of no more than 3.5 tons are allowed to use only winter tires. The minimum tread depth is 3 mm. In all three Baltic countries, these legislative aspects also apply to tourists.

Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Poland.

In these countries, the use of winter tires is not legally required, but given the traditionally cold winters, drivers in most regions of Eastern Europe are still advised to install them.

Romania.

The Romanian government adopted a law on the mandatory use of winter tires in the winter, and violation of it threatens large fine from 600 to 1000 euros, plus deprivation of the vehicle registration certificate.

According to the new law, vehicle owners must use winter tires between November 1 and March 1. Trucks weighing more than 3.5 tons and passenger cars having more than 9 seats In addition to winter tires, they must be equipped with snow chains.

Hungary.

In Hungary, motorists are required to have their car equipped with a set of snow chains for the winter. Tourists planning to visit this country without snow chains may be denied entry.

Albania, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro.

In these countries, the use of summer tires in winter is permitted, but only if the tread depth is at least 4 mm, otherwise snow chains must be used. This requirement only applies to the drive axle.

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The use of winter tires is mandatory between November 15 and April 15. The tire tread depth must be at least 4 mm. As an alternative to winter tires, it is possible to install snow chains on summer tires.

Croatia.

During the official winter season, wheels equipped with snow chains must be used, regardless of whether they are winter or summer. There is also a requirement that the tread depth applies to both winter and summer tires of at least 4 mm.

Slovenia.

From November 15 to March 15 all motor vehicles must be equipped with winter tires. As for tourists, if there is snow on the roads, they are allowed to travel in a car equipped exclusively with winter tires. However, legislation allows the driver to use only two winter tires - on the drive axle.

Spain.

In Spain there is no legislation requiring drivers to use winter tires. However, the use of winter tires is recommended in many regions, especially in the north of the country. On certain roads in Spain, drivers may be required to use other winter equipment such as chains and tires.

Italy.

In Italy, the legislation also does not stipulate deadlines for the mandatory use of winter tires, but their use is recommended, especially in the northern part of the country.

Türkiye

The use of winter tires is not mandatory, but Turkish law requires that vehicles be technically prepared for winter weather conditions. This means that when adverse weather conditions are forecast, drivers will need to either install winter tires or snow chains on summer tires. Therefore, in many regions of Turkey it is recommended to install winter tires, especially in the north and east of the country.

Russia

Despite the harsh winters and bad roads, in Russia there is no legislation yet regarding the periods of mandatory use of winter tires. But according to the new technical regulations, the minimum tread depth for winter tires has already been legally approved, at least 4 mm. Experts strongly recommend using standard winter tires for the southern regions of Russia, and for the central and western Russia, Siberia and the eastern regions of the country, the use of studded tires in the winter season.

In winter, spikes are allowed in Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia and Finland. But in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, France and Spain, studded tires are strictly prohibited.

Studded tires in Europe
A country	Permitted period of use	Speed ​​limit for vehicles equipped with studded tires on highways/autobahns, km/h	Notes
Austria	from November 15 to April (specific dates are set depending on the weather)	80/100	only for vehicles with a total weight of up to 3.5 tons, the “spikes” sign is required
Albania and Andora	allowed
Belgium	01.11—31.03	60/90	60 km/h sign required
Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina	prohibited
Switzerland	01.11—30.04	80/—*	“80 km/h” sign is required
Czech	prohibited
Germany	prohibited		allowed in a 15-kilometer zone on the Austrian side on trucks with foreign license plates
Denmark	01.10—30.04	general speed limit
Spain	local conditions apply
France	01.11—31.03	90/90	“90 km/h” sign is required
Finland	01.11—24.04	general speed limit
England	allowed, period of use is not defined
Hungary	prohibited
Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia	prohibited
Italy	15.11—15.03	90/120
Ireland	local conditions apply
Greece, Iceland	allowed
Luxembourg	01.12—31.03	60/90	sign required "60 km/h"
Latvia	01.10 - 01.05
Lithuania	10.10-01.04
Norway	01.11—23.04	general speed limit
Holland	local conditions apply		allowed for foreign trucks
Portugal	prohibited
Poland	prohibited
Romania	prohibited
Sweden	01.11—23.04	general speed limit
Slovakia	prohibited
Slovenia	prohibited
Türkiye	prohibited
Estonia	01.11—01.05	90
Ukraine	allowed
Yugoslavia	prohibited
Macedonia, Moldova	prohibited
*The use of studded tires on motorways is prohibited

Experience shows the need for mandatory use of winter tires foreign countries. For example, in Germany, in the event of an accident not due to the fault of the driver, the latter will compensate up to 20% of the amount of damage caused if he used summer tires in winter. In Finland and Sweden, the use of winter tires has become mandatory for all drivers.

The use of studded tires in Lithuania is no longer limited by the ban period.

We remind you that before this it was planned to prohibit betting from April 10, 2011 car tires with studs, or enter the territory of Lithuania from neighboring countries with such types of tires.

According to data received from the Lithuanian Ministry of Transport, it decided to pay more attention to the safety of people, and not to the preservation of the road surface.

You can only drive to Poland on winter tires without studs. Polish law expressly prohibits the use in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of tires “equipped with permanent system anti-slip." Until 2010, there were no exceptions for anyone, then relaxations were introduced for “vehicles participating in competitions and for bicycles.”

And I saw it on spikes!

Yes, on the road in Poland there are cars with studded tires, but you need to figure it out. The fact is that in some European Union countries the use of studded tires is allowed. For example, when heading to Denmark, Finland, Norway, or Sweden, you will have absolutely no problems entering the country if border crossing your iron horse will be shod with metal. But if you are standing, shod with spikes, on the border with Poland, then quite seriously and in full accordance with the law, you may not be allowed into the country. And references to the fact that someone saw someone in Poland on spikes will not have any meaning for the border guards.
As follows from practice, there are indeed cars with studded tires on Polish roads. As a rule, these cars come from Scandinavian countries, where studded tires are allowed. And since these countries are in the Schengen zone, they are not in danger of being turned away at the border. But this does not mean at all that the police cannot make claims against the drivers of these cars, because technically they are breaking the law.

Are winter tires required in Poland?

No. Not required yet. There is no rule in Polish law regulating the replacement of summer tires with winter ones. Polish legislators have been working on introducing this obligation for several years now and, perhaps, this norm may soon be approved. Until this happens, not a single police officer in Poland has the right to issue you a fine for driving on summer tires in the cold season. This fact does not mean at all that this cannot become an additional reason for increased attention to you in the event of a stop for another reason. So it's better not to take risks with this. As follows from the draft law on winter tires, it mandatory application is planned “from November 1 to March 15 or from November 1 to March 1.” You should take these dates seriously and not plan a trip to Poland on these days with summer tires. There is a risk that if you enter the country on October 31 without adopted law, already on the morning of November 1st you can find yourself in violation. Moreover, on this day in Poland there is a holiday - All Saints' Day (Wszystkich Świętych). There are traditionally more police on the roads on holidays, and the size of fines in Poland will not please even wealthy people.
The fine will have to be paid on the spot by a police officer or several other services that also have the right to participate in traffic control. Offering a bribe to Polish police officers is strictly not recommended. You should not trust “experienced drivers” who claim that it is easy to “negotiate” with the police in Poland. Maybe this was once the case (which was also not a rule, by the way), but over the past 10 years a lot has changed in Poland. Including this. It may be possible to “agree”, but only with great luck and the fabulous kindness of the law enforcement officer (well, or you got “the one”). And as a norm, even after just one proposal to “agree,” a trip to Poland can drag on for several years due to departure to places not so distant (for example, from the city of Wronki).

Safety

It was security that Polish legislators were thinking about. They are seriously concerned about the statistics of road accidents involving car owners who have not changed their tires to winter ones. Although “on camera” more than 90% of respondents were in favor of using winter tires, a detailed study of the survey figures does not add optimism. Thus, 5% of respondents admitted that they basically drove all winter on summer tires, 13% drove on all-season tires, 79% installed winter tires, 3% did not even know the brand of tires they were wearing, not to mention their seasonality.

Five percent should not mislead the reader, because this is every twentieth car. In addition, due to the erroneous belief that “the difference in the properties of rubber is propaganda by marketers,” some motorists consider it quite normal to drive summer tires, or install almost worn out winter ones. Upon closer examination, such beliefs are often based on the attempt of such car owners to save money on tires and re-tyres. According to the police and insurance companies in Poland, such savings cost hundreds of lives of both pedestrians and drivers who were not lucky enough to end up on the same winter road with the would-be economist.
On top of that, quite a lot of 4x4 drive adherents have appeared recently. Many of them are engaged in farming and have extensive experience in off-road driving. But there are also those who bought an SUV or sedan for all-wheel drive reasons and have never left the asphalt. All-wheel drive, in their opinion, is unsurpassed in safety. Among the latter, there is a category of motorists who believe that all-wheel drive car There is no need to install winter tires. Which in itself is extremely wrong. In Poland, the number of fans of the 4X4 formula is growing every year, but beliefs are stubborn things. So are the statistics. It is she who shows that four-wheel drive does not replace winter tires at all, but urgently requires them, just like classic and front-wheel drive.

We are so different - and yet we are together

Situation: you need to go to Poland, you have booked a hotel, you have urgent matters waiting, and your car has tires with spikes. The likelihood that they will be turned back at the border is very high.
Some people come up with the following solution: “Everything in the world…”, I’ll collect 4 bottles of Velcro (you never know who has some lying around in the garage), and come back and give it back. The main thing is that the size fits.
But it is unlikely that it will be possible to get out of the situation this way. Only if you manage to get tires with the same tread for each axle.
The fact is that Polish legislation prohibits the operation of a car on one axle of which tires with different patterns tread. The only exception is for dokatok, but even here it is better to have a punctured tire in the trunk, so that it is easier to explain that you are going to a tire repair shop. If such tires are only worth it because they were “fitted that way,” then the fine will not be long in coming. Moreover, at the border they can easily let you through, because the border guard may well not focus on the tires. But in responsibilities traffic police this feature is already included.
In case you have different tires, two options come into force.
First: you will only get off with a fine on the spot, PLN 300-500. Option two: after paying the fine, you will have to buy a whole set of new winter tires. All this taking into account that the policeman will be in a good mood or simply kind and, having entered the situation, will limit himself to a fine. The law in this case provides for both a fine and confiscation of the registration certificate. All this entails unplanned expenses, waste of time and spoiled mood.
In general, you need to realize that a car with a different tread pattern loses driving and grip qualities. Health and life more expensive than tires and fines.
The result is simple: one axle should have a pair of identical tires, the second may have a different brand and with a different pattern, but also identical. Then there will be no problems. As for installing winter tires only on the drive wheels, this also cannot be done.

Getting ready to travel to Poland by car

If you are coming from Russia, in addition to the car itself and winter tires from November to March, we will need a few more things. Of course, some drivers may not agree with the list, but practice shows that for trouble-free travel around Poland, Belarus and Russia by car the following are required:
1) Valid rights of the established form. If you have a Russian license, there will be no problems with entry. You do not need to obtain a special international license to enter Poland.
2) Green card for Belarus and the Schengen area. It will be better if you buy it from a well-known and reliable insurance company in advance and at a permanent sales office. Reserve a couple of extra days for your planned trip. For example: the card begins to be valid a day before or on the day of crossing the border, ends a day or two after the planned departure date, after all, this is a road, there can always be delays.
3) A valid MTPL policy. You need to travel around Russia.
4) Technical passport.
Before leaving, it is better to check the presence of all car documents. People forget the keys to their dachas. In this case, you will have to return from the border.
5) Fire extinguisher sign emergency stop, first aid kit.
6) Reflective vest. If in Poland you get out of the car on the highway, for example, add windshield washer fluid to the tank, reflective vest you need to have it on you. Not to mention changing a wheel in the dark.
By the way. Navigate on foot Polish roads outside the residential zone in dark time days from September 1, 2014, only if you have reflective elements on your clothes. Previously, the norm applied only to children, but now it applies to all pedestrians. Be sure to make sure that your suit includes such inserts, or better yet, throw a reflective bracelet into your purse. The fine for a romantic country walk waiting for dawn without a reflector will range from 20 to 500 zlotys.
7) RUS sticker. It’s a small thing, but it appears in the road convention, so you shouldn’t ignore it. For those who don't like these stickers, transparent black options are available. They are almost invisible on the rear tinted glass. But this does not change the fact that the law has been followed and the sticker is there. The convention does not say where exactly this sticker should be attached to the body. From experience, it is convenient to place it on rear window in the upper corner on the passenger side.
8) Optional: breathalyzer. In Poland there is no 00 ppm. The standard is 0.2. But if you drank delicious Polish alcoholic drinks in the evening and in the morning you are not sure whether to get behind the wheel or wait, then a breathalyzer will help you deal with the issue. Fines for driving under " double gas"is impressive, as is the taking away of rights.

A pump, a jack, a balloon, a cable should be in every car. Even if you have no idea what they are for, it can be represented by those who want to help you if necessary. A mining shovel can also come in handy. And matches. You never know...
It would also be a good idea to grab a paper map in addition to your navigator. The experience of driving on a souvenir cushion with a map of Poland is familiar. Fortunately, the map turned out to be accurate.


A DVR will also not be superfluous on board, because controversial situations no one canceled on the road anywhere.
But a bat, pneumatic guns, traumatic guns, a police baton, brass knuckles, a rebar with a handle, a sling, a sword, a Rambo knife and anything else that could cause misunderstandings at the border should be left at home.

What you definitely need to arm yourself with is attentiveness, responsibility on the road and a positive mood.

Best wishes to you and pleasant trips around Poland!

It is worth reminding those who are traveling through Poland in transit or want to travel from Poland, for example, to Lithuania. In some European countries neighboring Poland, wearing winter tires is mandatory. So, for example, in Lithuania you will have to drive on winter tires, starting from November 1 and ending on April 1. The law is binding on everyone.

• Germany is close to Poland, and winter tires are required only in “special atmospheric conditions.”
• In Finland, winter tires are compulsory from December 1st until the end of February. As in Lithuania, the rules also apply to tourists. By the way, it was in this country that the concept of “winter tires” arose. In 1934 by Nokian The first samples of tires were produced with properties that made them suitable specifically for winter conditions. They were intended for trucks. And in 1936, the first tire from the famous Nokian Hakkapeliitta series was released.
• In Estonia, winter tires are compulsory from December 1st to April 1st. In addition, here the traffic police reserves the right to lengthen or shorten this period depending on weather conditions.
• You'll have to change your shoes in Slovakia iron horse, if there is a clear weather need for it.
• When traveling from Poland through Germany to France, where there are no clear rules regarding winter tires, it is worth remembering that in the French Alps region winter tires are mandatory.
• Romania requires motorists to have tires marked “snow” from November 1 to March 31.
• Slovenia has gone even further, and it will no longer be possible to drive there on summer tires from October 15th. Winter ones in Slovenia are available until March 15th.
• Latvia requires changing shoes for the winter from December 1 to March 1. Tourists are also subject to the rules.
• Croatia runs on summer tires until “special weather conditions” appear from November to April.
• You can drive to the Czech Republic without winter tires, but you should pay attention to the restrictions: from November 1 to April 30, in the event of “typical winter weather,” winter tires will also be required. It is also needed here on roads with special designations.
• The same story with “typical winter weather” is typical for Austria. Here the norm is valid from August 1 to April 15.
• Luxembourg has the same attitude towards winter tires – depending on the weather conditions. This applies to tourists too.
• But you won’t be able to get to Sweden without winter tires from December 1 to March 15.

the site draws the attention of its readers: regardless of whether you can legally travel to certain EU countries without winter tires, it is worth remembering that at temperatures below +7 C°, summer tires significantly lose adhesion properties. Rather than risk your well-being, you should change your tires to winter ones when these thermometer values ​​are reached. As autumn 2015 showed, frosts in Poland

Infographic of the use of winter and studded tires on European roads, compiled by Continental

The use of winter tires is primarily to ensure reliable grip with the road surface even in conditions of total ice. At the same time, such tires do not “tan” at critically low temperatures, maintaining the ability to compensate for road unevenness and provide soft braking even in the most severe frosts.

Relatively recently, the EU introduced new standards for studded tires. Since July 1, 2013, the number of studs per meter is strictly regulated - no more than 50 pieces. Therefore, when purchasing such tires, be sure to inquire about the number of studs, since the retail chain may still sell old-style tires with which you will not be allowed on European roads.

AUSTRIA ( clarified 11.2013)

From November 1 to April 15, all vehicles in Austria must be equipped with winter tires (M+S mark on the sidewalls of the tire) with a minimum tread depth of 4 mm.

As an alternative, summer tires can be used in conjunction with snow chains. They must be worn on at least 2 driving wheels. Snow chains are only allowed if the road is completely covered with snow or ice.
Studded tires are permitted from October 1st to May 31st, but there is a speed limit for such vehicles.

BELGIUM

In winter it is not necessary to drive on winter tires, drivers can use their own discretion, however, studded tires in Belgium can only be used from 1 November to 31 March.

The maximum vehicle weight for which studded tires can be used is 3.5 tons, and minibuses, buses and trucks cannot use studded tires. Cars with studded tires are allowed to drive with maximum speed 90 km per hour on highways and up to 60 in other places. The 60 km speed limit sign must be placed in a visible place or affixed to the rear of the car. When the studded tires are removed, the speed limit sign is also removed.

BELARUS (added 10.2014)

Since 2014, the country has introduced mandatory use of winter tires from December 1 to March 1 on vehicles with a technically permissible total weight of up to 3.5 tons, passenger cars and utility vehicles weighing over 3.5 tons, as well as buses weighing up to 5 tons.

Winter tires of vehicles must be marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, or with the signs "M+S", "M&S", "M.S", "M S" or "All seasons", and have residual height tread pattern of at least 4 mm.

HUNGARY

In Hungary, winter tires are not mandatory, but in winter every car must have a set of snow chains;

GREAT BRITAIN

Winter tires are not compulsory in the UK, except in areas where the local government may require tires to be changed according to weather conditions. For example, in Scotland you can use winter tires during the winter season, but studded tires are prohibited in the UK.

GERMANY (updated 11.2016)

New requirements for winter tires throughout Germany came into force on December 4, 2010. German law clearly states that tires must be suitable for the weather conditions, i.e. winter or all-season tires specifically designed for winter use. Winter and all-season tires are marked “M+S” and have a snowflake inside a mountain-shaped triangle on the side of the wheel.

Car owners using summer tires on their cars are prohibited from driving on the roads in winter. But, winter tires are required in Germany only if there is a real winter situation on the road (snow, ice, etc.). When there is no snow on the roads in winter, you can easily drive there with summer tires.

DENMARK

In Denmark, winter tires are not required in winter, but the country allows both tires with studs and special snow chains.

SPAIN

In Spain, driving on state roads with studded tires is also strictly prohibited. In such cases, you need to use special elastic bands that cover the spikes, and in mountainous areas in winter, use chains to make riding easier.

ITALY

In winter, on certain sections of roads (mainly in mountainous areas), you must use winter tires (with chains). Signs posted on the road specifically inform about this. Studded tires are not used in Italy.

LITHUANIA ( clarified 11.2015)

The use of studded tires is permitted from November 1 to April 10 (in this case, the driver must install identification mark"spikes" at the rear of the vehicle). From April 10 to October 31, the operation of vehicles with studded tires is prohibited. During the winter period, from November 10 to March 31, the use of summer tires is prohibited and the use of frost-resistant winter tires is mandatory.

LATVIA ( clarified 11.2013)

During the period from December 1 to March 1, all cars and buses with a gross weight of no more than 3.5 tons must be equipped with tires designed for driving in winter conditions.
During the period from May 1 to October 1, the movement of cars and buses equipped with tires with spikes is prohibited.

LUXEMBOURG

Winter tires with studs can only be used from December 1 to March 31, as well as in other months when there is snow and ice on the roads.
Such tires can be “carried” by vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tons. At the same time, the number of studs is also determined to be 110, but only for radial tires, and studded tires must be on all four wheels. Cars with studded tires must have a special speed limit sign on the back - black numbers 60 in a white circle.

NETHERLANDS (corrected 11.2013)

The use of studded tires is prohibited in the Netherlands in winter. The use of winter tires is not yet mandatory, but is recommended.

POLAND (updated 11.2014)

In Poland, the use of studded tires is prohibited on vehicles driving on public roads. The use of snow chains on tires is only permitted on roads covered with snow.

The use of winter tires in the cold season is recommended.

RUSSIA (updated 11.2015)

Came into force on January 1, 2015 Technical regulations Customs Union "On the safety of wheeled vehicles." According to this document, the country prohibits the operation of vehicles not equipped with winter tires in the winter (December, January, February). Winter tires are installed on all wheels of the vehicle.

For the lack of winter tires, the car owner faces administrative liability under Article 12.5 of the Administrative Code in the form of a warning or a fine of 500 rubles.

Tires with anti-skid studs, if used, must be installed on all wheels of the vehicle. It is prohibited to operate vehicles equipped with tires with anti-skid studs in the summer (June, July, August).

ROMANIA (updated 11.2012)

From November 1, 2011, all vehicles, including those registered abroad, must be equipped with winter tires. Winter tires must be marked M+S (or MS, M&S, M/S). All-season tires(All Season) must also be marked M+S.

The use of summer tires in the period from November 1 to March 31 is punishable by a fine of 600 to 1000 euros (2500-4000 lei).
If an accident occurs due to the fault of a driver driving a car with summer tires, he will have to pay for the repair of damaged cars and other damage caused.

The use of winter studded tires on Romanian roads is STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
Tire snow chains (tire chains) in Romania are only mandatory for vehicles over 3.5 tons. The use of snow chains is only permitted on roads covered with ice or snow.

SLOVENIA

Every year from November 15 to March 15 on vehicles whose Weight Limit does not exceed 3,500 kg, and on trailers it is mandatory to use winter tires or summer tires with snow chains. The tread depth of winter tires must be at least 4 mm and must be marked M+S.

SLOVAKIA (specified 11.2013)

In Slovakia, the use of winter tires is mandatory from November 15 to March 31 if there is snow or ice on the roads.

CZECH ( clarified 09.2014)

In the Czech Republic, the use of studded tires is prohibited and the use of winter tires is mandatory between 1 November and 31 March if the road is covered with snow, ice or frost, or the road is expected to become snowy, icy or frost-covered while driving.

On vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of not more than 3500 kg, winter tires are mandatory on all wheels. It is not necessary to have winter tires on the spare wheel.

The remaining tire tread depth is at least 4mm. The fine for non-compliance is 2000 CZK.

SWITZERLAND

Winter tires must be worn depending on weather conditions; in some regions there are even special road signs indicating that the use of winter tires is mandatory.

SWEDEN

If the car is not registered in Sweden, then winter tires are not required. But if the car is registered in Sweden, then you need to change your shoes from December 1 to March 31, but you can drive on winter tires all year round. From May 1 to September 30, it is prohibited to drive on studded tires.

FINLAND (updated 02.2014)

From December 1 to March 1, the use of winter tires is mandatory, but taking into account climatic conditions, this period can be extended. The tread height of winter tires must be at least 3 millimeters. At the same time, if climatic conditions normally, from the first Monday after Easter until October it is forbidden to drive on studded winter tires. Winter tires without studs can be used all year round.

FRANCE

In winter in France you cannot use studded tires, but to drive in the mountainous regions of the country, you must have and use chains.
If chains are used, then there must be a special sign on the car warning other road users about special equipment on the corresponding section of the road.

ESTONIA (specified 02.2012)

The use of winter tires in Estonia is a legal requirement from 1 December to 29 February. These time frames may be subject to change depending on weather conditions. From October 1 to April 30, the use of winter tires is permitted. From October 15 to March 31, the use of studded tires is permitted.

Winter tires are mandatory for vehicles with a registration weight of up to 3.5 tons, as well as trailers with a registration weight from 0.75 to 3.5 tons. Tires must be marked M+S, MS, M.S. or M&S, the tread depth on them must be at least 3 millimeters.

When using used tires Kyiv, you must comply with the requirements minimum depth tread. In most European countries this parameter is 4 millimeters.

The beginning of winter is the beginning of the winter holiday season. For those who spend them in Europe and while driving their own, and not rental car, we have prepared a concise reference that will help you find your way: in which country you need to drive on which tires.

The beginning of winter is the beginning of the winter holiday season. For those who spend them in Europe and are driving their own car rather than a rental car, we have prepared a condensed information that will help you find your way around: in which country you need to drive on which tires.

In general, one should distinguish between those countries where you can only drive with winter tires, and those countries where you cannot drive with studs. Possible different combinations, so these two restrictions give us the three groups of countries below. We did not list the composition of the fourth group - countries where there are no seasonal restrictions on either the type of tire or the presence of studs.

In the majority European countries winter season on the roads is considered to begin on November 1 - this is important for those countries where winter tires are mandatory. We also note that we did not find any countries in Europe where the use of spikes is mandatory. However, there are regions where snowy roads Chains are mandatory.

At the same time, we draw your attention to the fact that when choosing some routes, the set wheel chains useful to put in the trunk in advance. It also doesn’t hurt to practice putting them on and taking them off the wheels at least once - and do this at home, before leaving. There is nothing complicated here, but somewhere on the Alpine passes, when it gets dark, the hotel is 200 km away, the children in the car want to drink and pee, and the snow is falling like in a fairy-tale cartoon, dealing with this simple device is a nerve-wracking task.

It must be said that the requirements related to the use of winter tires in European countries change from time to time. If you have the latest information, comments are at your service.

European countries where winter tires are mandatory and studs are allowed: Austria, Belarus, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Estonia.

European countries where winter tires are mandatory and studs are prohibited: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic.

European countries where winter tires are optional and studs are prohibited: Bulgaria, Hungary, Spain, Macedonia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia.

Below are the specifics of legislation in different countries regarding the use of car tires in winter. Please note that Swiss standards are the most varied.

Austria: In winter, the use of winter tires is mandatory, while any tires with a tread depth of less than 4 mm are considered summer tires. In winter, chains are often mandatory in the mountains; the fine for violating the requirements of the corresponding sign is 5,000 euros.

Bulgaria: In winter, it is mandatory to use chains if indicated by a road sign.

Germany: Driving on summer tires in winter is punishable by a fine of 40 euros.

Spain: In winter, elastic bandages without spikes, worn on wheels like chains, are common. In mountainous areas of the country you can find signs allowing the use of studded wheels in winter.

Italy: When driving on studded tires, the speed is limited to 50 km/h in cities and 90 km/h on highways.

Luxembourg: The use of winter tires is not mandatory, but the fine for an accident caused by the use of summer tires in winter can be 145 euros. The use of spikes is not prohibited here, however, as in Italy, it entails a speed limit.

Norway: Winter tires with a tread depth of at least 3 mm are required, and alternatives are allowed summer wheels with chains (naturally, it is reasonable to resort to this option only on heavily snowy sections of the road). These requirements do not apply to foreign cars, but are recommended for compliance in case of liability in the event of an accident.

Serbia: Winter tires are considered to have a tread depth of at least 4 mm.

Slovakia: The lack of winter tires in the cold season is a significant factor in the distribution of liability in the event of an accident.

France: Spikes are allowed only for cars weighing up to 3.5 tons and only with the appropriate sticker, however, when driving in the mountainous regions of the country in winter, the use of chains may be mandatory. Here, the lack of winter tires can also affect the determination of who is at fault in an accident.

Croatia: In winter, the vehicle must be equipped with at least two winter tires per drive axle or four summer radial tires.

Montenegro: Only tires with a tread depth of at least 4 mm are considered winter.

Czech Republic: The use of winter tires is mandatory only in the area covered by the corresponding road sign. Theoretically, you can drive all winter on summer tires without breaking anything.

Sweden: The use of winter tires is mandatory only for cars with Swedish license plates; this requirement does not apply to foreigners. Of course, taking into account the climatic conditions of the country, driving around Sweden in winter on summer tires is at least strange, but... “If you want to kill yourself, it’s your choice.”

Switzerland: On some mountain routes the use of spikes or chains is mandatory if there is a corresponding sign. This rule applies not only in winter: snowfall in the Alps can also occur in summer. At the same time, studded tires are prohibited on most highways, and in general, on many roads in the country, their use entails speed restrictions: 50 km/h in the city and 80 km/h outside it.

As we see, in general case"Velcro" without spikes with a tread of 4 mm will allow you to cross winter Europe in any direction. To finally inspire you to take a winter road trip abroad, let us remind you that European capitals are located not so far from St. Petersburg. We have collected distances to some cities in a table. Looking at it, it is convenient to discuss the vacation program for family council- or make a decision about the upcoming route “autocratically”.

We, of course, did not include in the table such cities as Tallinn, Helsinki or Stockholm, the road to which, thanks to the ferry, is no different from a trip to the Finnish capital. But if you can easily cover significant distances by car, and your winter holidays are not limited to two weeks, then perhaps Thessaloniki, or even Madrid, is just the challenge for you? In a word, choose.

In conclusion, we would like to add that some 30 years ago, our compatriots, setting off from the capitals (or from beyond the Urals) somewhere near Sochi, covered comparable, or even longer, routes to rear wheel drive cars. At the same time, no one had heard of ABS, ESP and winter tires in those days. So, compared to how our parents spent their holidays, the modern motorist has maps of all of Europe in his hands. Have a great holiday, and don't forget to choose the right wheels!