Installation on car discs and tires of larger radius than stock is a kind of tuning. rules road Have a clear unambiguous answer to the question about such a decoration for the car. As of 2019, this is prohibited. But the rigor of punishment in our country, as heard, is compensated by the option of executing the law. About whether it is possible to put discs and rubber more radius than provided by the design vehicleHow to determine to which radius you can increase wheels, consider in the article.
Is it possible to put the wheels more on traffic rules of 2019?
Not. But only if we are talking about the size of the discs and tires on them more than it is provided for by the design of the car - that is, the manufacturer. The direct ban on this sets item 5.4 List of faults (annex to traffic rules), which prohibits car riding:
5.4. Tires in size or permissible load do not correspond to the vehicle model.
Since it is prohibited directly to ride, then you can put the wheels of a larger radius. That's just to exploit such a car on the roads common use Already it is impossible.
As can be seen from the rules, we are talking about tires. But the dimension of the tire sets them by their radius. And put discs bigger size And it is impossible to leave the norms of the staff.
In addition, in paragraph 5.4, it is implied for the configuration of your model with defined tire sizes. If you have, for example, basic equipment Kia Rio. on R15 radius wheels, then you can still put the wheels to the 16th radius, because certain more dear models Completed precisely this radius. But above - already punishable.
If I really want
Then you can. But the desire should be strong enough, because it costs it expensive. The fact is that according to the above item of the main provisions PDD bus can lead to compliance permissible size. This is done by appropriate amendments to the design of the vehicle, with the subsequent registration of such changes in the traffic police.
The procedure is very documenting and requires considerable financial investments. It consists of the following steps.
- First of all, it is necessary to take the resolution of the traffic police to the possibility of such a change, as setting the larger wheels than provided by the design of the car. This is a pure formality and, as a rule, it is given to everyone. To do this, you need to contact any department of the MREO traffic police (a list on the official website of the traffic police).
- Next, we pass a preliminary technical expertise on the possibility of installing large disks and rubber sizes you specified. List authorized organizations On the website of the Department of Technology.
- If the examination decides that such changes are possible, then the appropriate conclusion will be issued. With him you need to appeal to the traffic police again and apply for changes with documents for the machine: a certificate of registration, TCP and your passport (owner).
- Then directly put the selected radius disks and wheels. Important moment: Tire service services should provide a certified organization certified by the organization and capable of issuing a declaration on the work performed (not to be confused with the act of work performed).
- And we pass the technical expertise again (preferably in the same organization - so it will be easier for you) on the compliance of the changes made permitted in accordance with 2 points above.
- Next, choose an accredited organization and pass the car inspection.
- And on last stage We register changes in the traffic police, for which we provide a car for inspection.
In 2019 there is large row Firms that will fully accompany the accompaniment of changes in the construction of the car. But it will cost other money. We will not deliberately give middle CostSince it is very different and constantly growing.
Important remark!
What a fine?
For any disorders technical requirements The operating conditions of the car answers Article 12.5 of the Administrative Code, part 1 of which it provides for punishment for general violations from the List of TDD faults.
The penalty for drives and tires is larger than the machine on this model is 500 rubles.
But paragraph 51 of the Administrative Regulations of the Order No. 1001 on registration also suggests that if changes are made in the design of the car, it may be the basis for termination of registration. This means that, in addition to a fine on such a machine, registration with the seizure of the STS may be discontinued.
Do you want to choose a bus for your car, but do not understand the tire marking? It's not a problem! In this section, we will help you figure out: what are the tire parameters that they mean, and which tire is suitable for your car.
Pick up tires / bus catalogDecoding tire marking.
195/65 R15 91 T XL
195 - This is the width of the tire in mm.
65 - proportionality, i.e. Profile height ratio to width. In our case, it is equal to 65%. Simply put, with the same width, the more this indicator, the tire will be higher and vice versa. Usually this magnitude is called simply - "profile".
As the tire profile is a relative value, then it is important to take into account when selecting rubber, that if you instead of the size of 195/65 R15, you want to put tires with a size of 205/65 R15, then not only the width of the tire will increase, but also the height! That in most cases is unacceptable! (except in cases where both of these sizes are listed in the auto operating book). Accurate change data external sizes Wheels You can calculate in a special tire calculator.
If this ratio is not indicated (for example, 185 / R14C), it means it is equal to 80-82% and the tire is called full-face. Reinforced tires with such labeling are usually used on minibuses and light trucks, where a large maximum load on the wheel is very important.
R. - means tire with radial cord (In essence, now almost all tires are made this way).
Many mistakenly believe that R- means the tire radius, but it is the radial design of the tire. There is still a diagonal design (denoted by the letter D), but in recent times it is practically not released because it performance features noticeably worse.
15 - wheel diameter (disk) in inches. (It is diameter, not a radius! This is also a common mistake). This "planting" tire diameter on the disk, i.e. this is internal size Tires or outdoor disk.
91 - Load index. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel. For passenger cars, it is usually done with a reserve and when choosing a tire is not decisive value, (in our case, in - 91 - 670 kg.). For minibuses and small trucks, this parameter is very important and must be observed.
Tire Load Index Table:
T. - Tire speed index. What he is more, with the greater speed you can ride on this tire, (in our case, IS - N - up to 210 km / h). Speaking about the tire speed index, I would like to note that this parameter manufacturer of tires guarantees the normal operation of rubber at a constant movement of the machine at the specified speed for several hours.
Speed \u200b\u200bIndex Table:
American tire marking:
There are two different labeling american tires. The first one is very similar to the European, only before the size of the letters "P" (Passanger - for the passenger car) or "LT" (Light Truck - Light Truck) is set. For example: P 195/60 R 14 or LT 235/75 R15. And other tire marking, which is fundamentally different from European.
For example: 31x10.5 R15 (corresponds to the European Size 2) 265/75 R15)
31
- External tire diameter in inches.
10.5
- Tire width in inches.
R. - The tire of the radial design (the older models of the tires were with a diagonal design).
15
- the inner diameter of the tire in inches.
Generally speaking, if you do not consider inconsistent inches, then american label The tires are logical and more understandable, at different from the European, where the height of the tire profile is impermanent and depends on the width of the tire. And then everything is simple with decoding: the first digit size is the outer diameter, the second is the width, the third is the inner diameter.
Additional information indicated in the marking on the sidewall bus:
XL or Extra Load - stressed tire, the load index of which is 3 units higher than that of the usual tires of the same size. In other words, if the load index 91 is specified on this tire with an XL or Extra Load mark, then this means that with this index, the bus is capable of withstanding the maximum load of 670 kg instead of 615 kg (watching the tire load index table).
M + S. Or M & S Tire Marking (Mud + Snow) - Mud Plus Snow And Means Tires All-season or Winter. On many summer Tires For SUVs, M & S is indicated. However, these tires cannot be operated in winter timebecause winter tires have a completely different composition of rubber and tread pattern, and the M & S icon indicates good indicators Tire pedestriness.
All season or as all-season tires. AW (Any Weather) - any weather.
Pictogram * (Snowflake) - Rubber is intended for use in harsh winter conditions. If there is no tire on the sidewall this label, then this tire is designed for use only in summer conditions.
Aquatred, AquaContact, Rain, Water, Aqua or Pictogram (umbrella) - Special rain tires.
Outside and Inside; Assymmetric tires, i.e. It is important not to confuse which side is outdoor, but which is internal. When installing, OUTSIDE must be from the outside of the car, and Inside - with the inner.
RSC. (Runflat System Component) - Runflat tires are tires on which you can continue moving by car at a speed of no more than 80 km / h with full pressure drop in the tire (when crossing or cut). On these tires, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations, you can drive from 50 to 150 km. Different manufacturers Tires use different designations of RSC technology. For example: Bridgestone RFT, Continental SSR, Goodyear Runonflat, Nokian Run Flat, Michelin ZP, etc.
Rotation Or the arrow this marking on the sidewall of the tire means the directional tire. When the tire is installed, it is necessary to strictly observe the direction of rotation of the wheel specified by the arrow.
Tubeless - besleless tire. In the absence of this inscription, the tire can only be used with the camera. Tube Type - indicates that this tire must only be operated with the camera.
Max Pressure.; The maximum allowable tire pressure. Max Load is the maximum permissible load on each car wheel, kg.
Reinforced. or RF letters in a sizer (for example 195/70 R15RF) mean that this is a reinforced bus (6 layers). The letter C at the end of the size (for example 195/70 R15C) indicates truck bus (8 layers).
Radial This marking on rubber in a sizer means that it is the autoresin of radial design. Steel means that metallic cord is present in the tire design.
Letter E. (in a circle) - tire corresponds european requirements ECE (Economic Commission for Europe). DOT (Department of Transportation - US Department of Transportation) - American Quality Standard.
Temperature A, B or C Thermal resistance of autoresine high speeds On the test stand (and the best indicator).
TRACTION A, B or C - The ability of the tire to braking on a wet roadway.
Treadwear.; The relative expected mileage mileage compared to the special standard US test.
TWI (Tread Wear Indiration) - Pointers of tire tread wear indicators. Marking on the TWI wheel can also be with an arrow. Indicators are located evenly in eight or six places across the entire circumference of the tire and show the minimum permissible depth tread. The wear indicator is performed as a protrusion with a height of 1.6 mm (the minimum protector for light vehicles) and is located in the deepening of the tread (as a rule, in drainage grooves).
Dot. - Clear address of the manufacturer, bus size code, certificate, release date (week / year).
Shin load index - a conditional numerical designation that shows which mass load is able to withstand a tire in a long operation mode. This information is necessary in order to correctly select rubber, and thereby ensure safe and comfortable ride by car. To decrypt the tire load index, use a table where the numeric designations of the index and the normal mass values \u200b\u200bthat correspond to them are shown. Next, we give such a table for you, as well as give information about speed \u200b\u200bindexwhich is also important when choosing a tire. The remaining information about the designations available on the tires you can.
Load value (Max Load) and tire pressure
Determination of the load index
First of all, it is necessary to remember that the number of load index values \u200b\u200bon the tires are conditional! That is, these numbers do not mean absolute maximum masson which the tire is calculated. As the load index increases, the maximum permissible weight Machines for which it is designed.
However, in the applied plan of many drivers when buying new rubber Interested in a simple question - what tire load index to choose in one way or another? Answer it is easy. There are two options. The first is to ask the relevant information in the manual to your car or in reference books. Many automakers directly indicate information that for a specific model, a tire is needed with such a load index (the same applies to the speed index, although the selection is easier there, but this is later). The second option - independently perform calculations.
Load index for passenger cars It can be calculated based on the masse of the machine with the maximum load. That is, to the mass of the equipped machine (with fully refilled fuel tank, technological fluids, repair kit, spare wheel and so on) weight gain maximum number Playing people (for passenger cars It usually is 5), as well as a certain mass of additional cargo (everything depends on a particular machine, for small ages it can be 100 ... 200 kg, and for SUVs - over 500 kg). Approximate index value for different types Car:
- 60 - load up to 250 kg - for A-class cars;
- 68 - up to 315 kg per wheel - for representatives of the B-class;
- 75 - 387 kg per wheel - for C-class cars;
- 87 - 545 kg of load - for minivans and crossovers;
- 99 - 775 kg - for SUVs and lung commercial transport.
Next, the resulting maximum mass must be divided into four (for traditional machines with four wheels). And then add 35 ... 40% of stock. After conducting such simple calculations, you will receive an absolute value in kilograms, which must withstand the tire. Final Stage - Choice legend Machine load index on the table. Please note that you need to choose a coefficient corresponding to the nearest higher absolute value.
In order not to bother with the calculations of the load index required for the tires of your car, it is possible to quickly calculate on a special calculator. He will immediately give you the necessary number.
Often for specific models of machines in stores already have several options, from which you can choose the most suitable for you in quality, price and manufacturer.
Actually make reserve for rear wheels , especially if you often transport heavy loads. However, it is not necessary to cherish and choose tires with too high index. The fact is that the tire is calculated than a large load, the greater the amount of rubber is used for its manufacture. Accordingly, such a tire will be harder, and hence the three negative factors.
The first - the engine will be forced to spend additional efforts (and therefore fuel!) To rotate the heavy wheel. The second is a heavy tire will be very tough, so it will be uncomfortable to go on it. The third - with heavy tires the suspension machine is experiencing additional loadand therefore her term normal exploitation Reduced.
Next, we give a promised table for you, which will help you decipher the tire load index (here you will find values \u200b\u200bfor tires for all types of cars - passenger, SUVs, cargo and so on). For passenger cars and SUVs, tires are used with the index value from 60 to 125 (respectively, from the passenger cars "A" -Class to heavy SUVs).
| Load index | Maximum weight, kg | Load index | Maximum weight, kg |
| 0 | 45 | 100 | 800 |
| 1 | 46,2 | 101 | 825 |
| 2 | 47,5 | 102 | 850 |
| 3 | 48,7 | 103 | 875 |
| 4 | 50 | 104 | 900 |
| 5 | 51,5 | 105 | 925 |
| 6 | 53 | 106 | 950 |
| 7 | 54,5 | 107 | 975 |
| 8 | 56 | 108 | 1000 |
| 9 | 58 | 109 | 1030 |
| 10 | 60 | 110 | 1060 |
| 11 | 61,5 | 111 | 1090 |
| 12 | 63 | 112 | 1120 |
| 13 | 65 | 113 | 1150 |
| 14 | 67 | 114 | 1180 |
| 15 | 69 | 115 | 1215 |
| 16 | 71 | 116 | 1250 |
| 17 | 73 | 117 | 1285 |
| 18 | 75 | 118 | 1320 |
| 19 | 77,5 | 119 | 1360 |
| 20 | 80 | 120 | 1400 |
| 21 | 82,5 | 121 | 1450 |
| 22 | 85 | 122 | 1500 |
| 23 | 87,5 | 123 | 1550 |
| 24 | 90 | 124 | 1600 |
| 25 | 92,5 | 125 | 1650 |
| 26 | 95 | 126 | 1700 |
| 27 | 97 | 127 | 1750 |
| 28 | 100 | 128 | 1800 |
| 29 | 103 | 129 | 1850 |
| 30 | 106 | 130 | 1900 |
| 31 | 109 | 131 | 1950 |
| 32 | 112 | 132 | 2000 |
| 33 | 115 | 133 | 2060 |
| 34 | 118 | 134 | 2120 |
| 35 | 121 | 135 | 2180 |
| 36 | 125 | 136 | 2240 |
| 37 | 128 | 137 | 2300 |
| 38 | 132 | 138 | 2360 |
| 39 | 136 | 139 | 2430 |
| 40 | 140 | 140 | 2500 |
| 41 | 145 | 141 | 2575 |
| 42 | 150 | 142 | 2650 |
| 43 | 155 | 143 | 2725 |
| 44 | 160 | 144 | 2800 |
| 45 | 165 | 145 | 2900 |
| 46 | 170 | 146 | 3000 |
| 47 | 175 | 147 | 3075 |
| 48 | 180 | 148 | 3150 |
| 49 | 185 | 149 | 3250 |
| 50 | 190 | 150 | 3350 |
| 51 | 195 | 151 | 3450 |
| 52 | 200 | 152 | 3550 |
| 53 | 206 | 153 | 3650 |
| 54 | 212 | 154 | 3750 |
| 55 | 218 | 155 | 3875 |
| 56 | 224 | 156 | 4000 |
| 57 | 230 | 157 | 4125 |
| 58 | 236 | 158 | 4250 |
| 59 | 243 | 159 | 4375 |
| 60 | 250 | 160 | 4500 |
| 61 | 257 | 161 | 4625 |
| 62 | 265 | 162 | 4750 |
| 63 | 272 | 163 | 4875 |
| 64 | 280 | 164 | 5000 |
| 65 | 290 | 165 | 5150 |
| 66 | 300 | 166 | 5300 |
| 67 | 307 | 167 | 5450 |
| 68 | 315 | 168 | 5600 |
| 69 | 325 | 169 | 5800 |
| 70 | 335 | 170 | 6000 |
| 71 | 345 | 171 | 6150 |
| 72 | 355 | 172 | 6300 |
| 73 | 365 | 173 | 6500 |
| 74 | 375 | 174 | 6700 |
| 75 | 387 | 175 | 6900 |
| 76 | 400 | 176 | 7100 |
| 77 | 412 | 177 | 7300 |
| 78 | 425 | 178 | 7500 |
| 79 | 437 | 179 | 7750 |
| 80 | 450 | 180 | 8000 |
| 81 | 462 | 181 | 8250 |
| 82 | 475 | 182 | 8500 |
| 83 | 487 | 183 | 8750 |
| 84 | 500 | 184 | 9000 |
| 85 | 515 | 185 | 9250 |
| 86 | 530 | 186 | 9500 |
| 87 | 545 | 187 | 9750 |
| 88 | 560 | 188 | 10000 |
| 89 | 580 | 189 | 10300 |
| 90 | 600 | 190 | 10600 |
| 91 | 615 | 191 | 10900 |
| 92 | 630 | 192 | 11200 |
| 93 | 650 | 193 | 11500 |
| 94 | 670 | 194 | 11800 |
| 95 | 690 | 195 | 12150 |
| 96 | 710 | 196 | 12500 |
| 97 | 730 | 197 | 12850 |
| 98 | 750 | 198 | 13200 |
| 99 | 775 | 199 | 13600 |
Designations of load indices and tire speeds on the side surface of rubber are near. And it is not good because they are interrelated. In contrast to the load, the speed index has letter notation Little alphabet lists (from A to Z). For example, you can meet on a tire value 92S or 88t, which are just the same and will be combined with the designation of the two indexes mentioned.
The speed index is specifically located next to the load index. This information gives an idea of. Which load is withstanding the tire on the velocity maximum permissible.
Deciphering tire speed index is very simple. The closer to the end of the alphabet of the letter - the most speed Calculated tire. The exception is only the letter H, which is in between U and V. So, we give for you a similar table, with which you can clarify how the maximum speed is calculated by one or another tire.
| Maximum speed, km / h | |
| A. | 40 |
| B. | 50 |
| C. | 60 |
| D. | 65 |
| E. | 70 |
| F. | 80 |
| G. | 90 |
| J. | 100 |
| K. | 110 |
| L. | 120 |
| M. | 130 |
| N. | 140 |
| P. | 150 |
| Q. | 160 |
| R. | 170 |
| S. | 180 |
| T. | 190 |
| U. | 200 |
| H. | 210 |
| V. | 240 |
| W. | 270 |
| Y. | 300 |
| Vr. | >210 |
| Zr. | >240 |
| (W) | >270 |
| Z. | >300 |
How to choose load indices and speed
Decoding load indices and speed
ECE-R54 European rules attribute to all manufacturers of tires to apply values \u200b\u200bof load indices and speeds on them. In this case, the load index is usually indicated with single installation Wheels on the axis on the one hand. If the rubber can be used for double installationThis indicates two values \u200b\u200bthrough a dash. For example, 102 / 100R. The first number is for a single installation, the second is for double. Such a double designation has tires commercial classwhich, in accordance with the same rules, can be installed not only on carsbut also on small trucks and vans (that is, on commercial transportation). Such tires are additionally denoted by the letter C or the word Commercial.
Cannot be installed on the tire machines with load indices and speed smaller than it is prescribed in the documentation.
As for the speed index, it not only affects the maximum permissible speedon which the tire is calculated. The fact is that it is impossible for a long time (more than half an hour) to go on this very maximum speed. This is due to excessive wear of the tire. In addition, it is dangerous for life, because at high speeds the tires should work in regular, and not critical modes. Therefore, it is allowed for a long time to drive at speeds, by 10 ... 15% lower than the maximum allowable. Especially such arguments are relevant for bad roadsWhen the rubber constantly falls into the pits, potholes and runs on the bumps.
Do not exceed speed mode And do not go long on extremely allowed for rubber speeds.
When choosing rubber on the speed index, as in the case of a load, it is impossible to choose very "high-speed" tires. The fact is that than a large speed, a tire is calculated, it is softer. Accordingly, she will have better and reliable adhesion with the surface of the road. However, such much faster wear out (Remember how the tires are changed on the Formula 1 races). That is why it is not recommended to buy very high-speed tires for ordinary cars used in urban environments.
RESULTS
We are confident that the above information will help you to figure out what the load and tire speeds mean, whose designations are in the value of the tire size. It will help you do right choice. At the same time, do not forget to leave a small reserve at 10 ... 20% for both indices in order to secure driving comfort and safety on the road.
Consider the requirements of K. car tires And the wheels for 2018. They are regulated by Appendix No. 1 to traffic rules "The List of Faults and Conditions in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited," paragraph 5.
To begin with, we recall the requirements for the residual height of the tread according to traffic rules for 2019:
5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more:
for vehicles, categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles, categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles, categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles, categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.
The residual depth of the Winter tire tread patterns intended for use on the icy or snow-covered road surface, marked with a mountain peak with three peaks and snowflakes inside it, as well as marked signs "M + S", "M & S", "MS" (with The absence of wear indicators) during operation on the specified coating is no more than 4 mm.
Note. The designation category of the vehicle in this paragraph is established in accordance with Appendix N 1 to technical Regulations On the safety of wheel vehicles approved by the Government Decree Russian Federation from September 10, 2009 N 720.
Imagine the above conditions in the form of a simple table.
In addition to residual height Tread pattern, there are other restrictions on the allowed tires:
5.2. Tires have external damage (Sleeping, cuts, breaks), nude cords, as well as bundle frame, debris and sidewalls.
5.3. There is no bolt (nut) fastening or there are cracks of the disk and rim wheels, there are visible violations of the shape and sizes of the mounting holes.
5.4. Tires in size or permissible load do not correspond to the vehicle model.
5.5. Tires installed on one axis of vehicle different sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and enemy-resistant, new and reconstructed, new and with in-depth tread pattern. On the vehicle are made included and uncomplicated tires.
Considering the above requirements, you can answer frequently encountered questions about tires:
Is it possible to use tires and tires with renovated side cuts and cones?
Yes, if the specified damage does not expose the cord and and did not cause the taplasting of the tread and the sidewalls.
Is it possible to ride a car if there is no nut or wheel fastening bolt?
With missing elements of fastening the wheels can not ride.
Is it possible to install non-standard tire sizes for this car model?
The installation of the tire dimensions of the tire is not allowed by the manufacturer.
Is it possible to install on one axis of the tire with a different tread or different dimensions?
It is impossible according to paragraph 5.5 of Annex 1 to traffic rules of the Russian Federation.
Is it possible to install simultaneously studded and unshakable tires on different axes?
It is possible, paragraph 5.5 does not prohibit this.
Is it possible to install winter and summer tires on different axes of the car on traffic rules?
It is impossible to simultaneously use crowded and uncomplicated tires, this contradicts paragraph 5.5 of the List of faults in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. On the different axes It is allowed to use uncomplicated winter and summer tires, for example, on the front axle - winter Velcroe, on the back - summer tires.
Penalty for tires with impaired tread depth, penalty for different tires, cuts and "cones"
The penalty for the violation of the above requirements for the automotive tires is superimposed under Art. 12.5 Administrative Code.
Article 12.5. Administrative Code: Transportation of the vehicle in the presence of faults or conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or by the vehicle on which illegally identifying sign "Disabled"
1. Control of the vehicle in the presence of faults or conditions under which in accordance with the main provisions for the access of vehicles for operation and responsibilities officials To ensure road safety, the vehicle operation is prohibited, with the exception of faults and conditions specified in parts 2 - 7 of this article -
warning entails a warning or imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five hundred rubles.
Selection of tires for your car depends on several criteria, the main of which are seasonality and disc sizeto which will be put tire. Other important selection factors are the maximum, speed characteristics, clutch parameters with a wet and dry surface, controllability, comfort, resistance to aquaplaning and wear resistance.
Modern tires are one of the most technically complex products used in modern car. More than 40 components and dozens of chemical elements, complex chemical processes and sophisticated testing system created an integer industry, one of the most difficult and high-tech. First of all, remember that all efforts, directions, torque created cars The middle class to the road and back are transmitted by 4 spots of contact with a total area of \u200b\u200bno more than 2 sheets of A4 format! In fact, the entire passenger tire industry, technology and marketing are aimed at understanding the processes that occur in these spots of contact and on the embodiment of them in safe traffic Your car. At the same time, of course, not forgetting about the aesthetic side of the question, effective tire Must look beautiful.
We will understand everything in order.
1. Seasonality
There are three types of tread pattern for passenger cars.
The first is tires with summer pattern tread (or road). The protector has many components of elements that form longitudinal grooves and ribs. The micrrorink on them is usually not. Such tires are designed for asphalt roads with dry and wet coating and unsuitable for riding on country roads, especially in a moistened state. Especially they are not suitable for snow-covered roads in any condition.
Second - tires with universal pattern tread ( all-season). The grooves between the components of the elements are quite wide in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The protector also has a microderno - narrow ("knife") slits. Universal drawing gives good gearing with soft soil. Universal tires are much better than summer behave on winter roadsoh. However, on solid coating (asphalt concrete), the universal protector is extended by 10-15% faster than summer.
The third - tires S. winter Picture The tread, which is formed by separate blocks, separated by wide grooves. The groove accounts for 25-40% of the tread area. Winter tires have wide range Types and forms of the tread - from relatively smooth universal use (For purified winter roads) to coarse with developed primers, designed for snow-covered Ice roads. Winter tires are often supplied with spikes. However, recently, especially in major cities, began to enjoy the great popularity of winter tires, no spikes, so called frictional or simply " velcroe". What to choose - spikes or lipophoga? Tire experts argue: "The choice of rubber type depends on the operating conditions." Friction inspected tires behaves more confident snow-covered road And on asphalt, studded tires - good for the free coating, wet ice And porridge. But everything " spikes", Regardless of the manufacturer, thunder and quickly wear when driving along asphalt, so they do not advise them ahead of time. Braking distances tire studded on asphalt compared to nothesive increases by 5-7%, and on ice and ice braking distances "Schips" decreases by 20-30% compared with the indicators friction rubber”.
2. Tire size
When choosing the size of the tire, you must select such a size, which is allowed by the car manufacturer. What is a rubber sizer? The sizes determines its geometric dimensions: width, height and tire diameter. For example, marking " 205/65 R16"Means the following:
215 – bus width in mm;
65 – height (profile) tires as a percentage of width (215 * 0.65 \u003d 140 mm);
R - the letter "R" indicates that the construct of the tire of the radial (if the letters "R" are not, then the design is diagonal);
16 - The diameter of the wheel disc in inches, to which this tire must be installed.
All allowed sizes are listed in the car operation manual. Often, the same information is duplicated on the benzobacco luch or in the driver's doorway. If you set the rubber with a diameter greater than the manufacturer (the outer diameter of the wheel is greater than with permitted sizes), the wheel will most likely be clinging about wheeled arches, which is not safe and leads to premature wear tires
If you set more low profile rubberWhat is allowed, then the car will become overly "hard", and the suspension will "kill" much faster.
If you set rubber with more high profile Than permissible, the handling of the car will deteriorate significantly. The control will become "cotton", while at high speed there is a risk of a tire of the tire from a wheels!
Low profile tires Makes driving a car clearer and sharp. The driver is easier to control the car at high speeds, especially in turns, so for active driving this type Rubber will be more preferable. It is worth remembering and about back side Medals - low profile Rubber worse damn all the irregularities of the road, so the suspension will be worse much faster. If the roads are in your area "rich" by potholes, then it is worth thinking about choosing rubber with more high profile.
A counterweight low profile rubber, tires with a higher profile good enough "swallow" flaws road coatAt the same time, the service life of the car suspension is prolonged and provide sufficient comfort for the driver. If you are not a lover of sharp sensations, fast and active ride, then this choice It will be preferable for you.
For summer, it is preferable to choose more wide rubber Since this increases the contact spot with the surface of the road and, as a result, improves the dynamic characteristics of the car (the more contact spot, the greater the potential acceleration, and both positive - acceleration and negative - braking). On the other hand, this choice will slightly increase fuel consumption - the more contact stain, the higher the rolling resistance. In addition, you should not forget about the overcoming of the puddle - the wider tires, those at a lower speed begins aquaplaning.
As you can see selection of rubber size is a rather nontrivial task for optimal solution which must be taken into account quite a few factors. However, for the average driver of a large megalpolis in most cases the optimal choice It will be, as neither paradoxically, the average size of a range of combinations proposed by the manufacturer of a car. If wheel disks You already have, and you are not going to change them, then the problem of choosing a size summer rubber It comes to a minimum, but it is necessary to remember the merits and disadvantages of this choice.
Index permissible load (or the load index, also refer to the load coefficient) - this is the conditional parameter. Some tire manufacturers decrypt it: the bus can be written completely Max Load. (maximum load) and the double figure is indicated in kilograms and English pounds.
Some models provide different load on tiresinstalled on the front and rear axes. The load index is a number from 0 to 279, corresponding to the load, which is capable of withstanding the tire at maximum internal air pressure. There is special table of load indexeson which its maximum value is determined. So, for example, the value of the index 105 corresponds to maximum load in 925 kg.
4. High-speed characteristics
Maximum speed recommended by the tire manufacturer, can be decrypted speed \u200b\u200bindexwhich is applied on the sidewall bus. However, this index is not only and not so much limits the maximum velocity of the car movement on your tires. Maximum car speed is limited road conditions, driver experience and many other factors. For example: incorrect pressure (especially reduced) in the tires radically levels this indicator. The speed index, perhaps, indicates the stability of all the qualities and characteristics of the issued by your bus to this speed (naturally with the right, recommended pressure). In other words - than speed \u200b\u200bindex above, the better, the more effective the main quality of the tire (clutch, comfort, wear resistance, resistance to aquaplaning) When driving at high speeds. Tires with a large speed index (They are 10-15% more expensive) will be more suitable drivers of active drive.
5. Clutch parameters with surface
Clutch on dry. This indicator determines the brake or coupling properties Tires when driving on a dry solid coating. This parameter is influenced: the composition of the mixture of rubber, the area of \u200b\u200bcontact of rubber with expensive (closing design), the stability of the contact stain shape (depends on the tire design). Na the best way Evaluate this parameter - to explore the results of objective tests of braking tires published by authoritative publications.
Grip on wet. Determined by the efficiency of braking on wet solid coating. It depends on the presence of special additives under the mixture, the presence of additional clutch edges (lamellae), the stability of the contact stain form. Objective tests are the best way to evaluate this parameter.
6. Handling
Controllability - Tire property to follow the driver of the car trajectory, the informativeness of the steering reactions. This parameter affects the shape of the tread pattern, the rigidity of its central zone and shoulder elements, the composition of rubber. For movement in turn, the stability of the contact stain shape, depending on the design of the bucket frame and the presence of reinforcing layers of breaker, is especially important. The traditional solution to improving manageability is a tread pattern with a solid central edge and closed shoulder blocks. Tire controllability is tested by analyzing the minimum time of passing the track of a simple closed trajectory, the nature of the car drift occurrence, the ability to maintain a straight movement of the car at high speeds.
7. Comfort
Comfort parameters are partially subjective (soft tires, the ability to absorb small irregularities) and objective (noise). The settings of the comfort affect: the composition of the tire, the structure of the frame, the form of the tread pattern, the location of the protector blocks with a variable step, minimizing resonant sound oscillations.
8. Resistance to Aquaplaning
One of the most dangerous phenomena when moving at high speeds is an aquaplaning. The durability of the tire to the aquaplaning depends, first of all, on the degree of openness of the treadability of the tread, i.e. The presence of the required amount of drainage channels, their shape, depth and direction. The most noticeable trait rain tire - a characteristic directional pattern of a tread with a large number of curved turbo channels from the center of the tire to the edge that serve to remove water from under the spot of the contact. Considering the effect of tire resistance to security aquaplaning, many tire manufacturers The rain tires allocated in a separate segment (subclass), assigning the characteristic names to them (for example - Uniroyal). The test durability test to the aquaplaning includes the determination of the boundary velocity of the an aquaplamination when moving along a specially prepared area, covered with 8-10 mm layer of water when moving in direct and in turn (or on a circular trajectory). No less interesting laboratory studies that determine the change in the shape and the area of \u200b\u200bthe contact spot when moving at different speeds. The resistance of the tire to the aquaplating significantly affects the residual depth of the tread. For this reason, self-respecting manufacturers are testing both new tires and with a worn 40-60% protector.
9. Wear resistance
Tire wear, first of all, depends on the operating conditions of the tire: the nature and style of driving, the state of the vehicle suspension elements (shock absorbers, hub bearings, ball supports), the correct angles of the installation of wheels (collapse-convergence), road surface and, of course, pressure in tire. The deterioration of any of these parameters radically reduces possible mileage tires. From the point of view of tire technologies, we are talking about wear resistance or tread wear rate. This parameter directly determines the number of mileage kilometers of your bus to maximum wear, with other things being equal operating conditions of the tire. The parameters affecting the wear resistance of the tire are the following: the openness of the tread - the more the protector is open, the smaller the rubber in the zone of the contact, and, accordingly, more specific pressure and wear rate; The composition of the tread rubber (presence of special additives), the design of the tire frame, which allows the most effectively stabilize the form of the contact spot in motion.
10. How to choose tires for SUVs and crossovers?
Most tire manufacturers pay more attention to the growing segment SUV.. That is why each company has a new one in Arsenal winter model For crossover. It should be borne in mind that they are designed for urban use, that is, they combine such characteristics as good adhesion with asphalt and stable behavior on ice and snow. And from tires for passenger cars, they differ in dimension and load index. However, in order to ride around the country off-road, this is not enough, so if the plans are the conquest of snow-covered fields and impassable forests, it is necessary to choose tires with special characteristics, the benefit that such models are also not uncommon. There is, of course, and quite radical measures - Chains. They can not be put on all the wheels, but only on the master axis. The cost of such armor - 7-9 thousand rubles, and the benefits can sometimes be invaluable.
11. Visual example of labeling locations on the tire
