Content
In 1990, after a major renovation of its model range Minsk Automobile Plant has produced a medium-duty truck with onboard platform MAZ-5336. This truck is capable of carrying 7700 kg of cargo with a dead weight of 8500 kg. wheel formula 4x2. It has a fairly successful design, so it is still in production.
MAZ-5336
As a power unit on the MAZ-5336 dump truck, the Yaroslavl diesel YaMZ-236M2 is used, aggregated with a 5-speed mechanical box gear 236P. The volume of the V6 engine is 11.2 liters, the power is 180 hp, and the torque reaches 667 Nm. Other versions also exist, with naturally aspirated diesel or turbodiesel engine V8.
Fuel consumption MAZ-5336 per 100 km. Reviews
- Oleg, Arkhangelsk. I took a dump truck MAZ-5336, 2001, with the usual diesel engine without turbocharging - I think that for domestic cars it is better to adhere to the principle of the simpler the better. Someone will consider it rather weak, but I do not overload the car, so I have enough power. And the consumption is an order of magnitude less - about 23 liters per 100 km.
- Sergei, Perm. MAZ-5336 with YaMZ-238B turbodiesel engine. The engine is powerful enough, pulls well on the bottoms. I don’t drive on the highway, only in the city, so it’s rarely more than 50-60 km / h, the consumption at this speed is up to 23-25 liters per 100 km, no more.
- Pavel, Vitebsk. I have MAZ-5336, 2003. A couple of years ago, I did an overhaul of my dump truck, during which I paid close attention not only to the engine, but also to the fuel system itself. By the way, the motor is simple, without turbocharging. Consumption is the same for both empty and loaded - stable 23 liters.
- Vasily, Pinsk. After buying my MAZ-5336, I couldn’t understand anything at all - with 3 tons in the back, the consumption of diesel fuel was under 30 liters, sometimes it even reached 35 liters empty. I drove it to the service, they did it complete diagnostics and motor calibration and fuel system- how it was changed. It does not feel a load of up to 8 tons at all, it goes as empty with a consumption of about 22 liters. If a full load and drive up to 80 km / h, then the consumption is about 27-29 liters.
- Dmitry, Krivoy Rog. I work in a quarry at MAZ-5336. Before that, I thought that dump trucks were really big and heavy machines, but when I saw a mining dump truck, I realized that mine was just a baby compared to this giant. I drive gravel from a crushing factory - the road with a load is constantly going up, so the consumption reaches 35-40 liters per 100 km. If I'm driving on a flat road, then the consumption, even with a maximum load, is not more than 27 liters.
If in the description cars fuel consumption standards are usually described in three categories - "highway", "city" and "mixed", then for trucks everything is much more complicated. No, MAZ consumption is measured in the same liters and for the same hundred kilometers, it’s just that the norms themselves are much larger, and there are even regulations with their description and variations of change depending on specific conditions. Such documents are intended for enterprises and organizations, as well as private entrepreneurs, and should help to more realistically assess fuel consumption for specific vehicles.
But in fact, especially in the case of private traders, it is hard to prove that the amount of solarium spent can vary in relation to the base rate. Therefore, we decided to delve into such a document and note the factors with the greatest influence. Let's begin with base flow per 100 km, this is the amount of fuel that the EQUIPPED car uses, that is, fully equipped, but not loaded, and each ton of cargo adds 1.3 liters of diesel fuel to the consumption.
Climate and terrain will add 5 to 20% to the consumption, about 10% more consumption will be when driving on roads with a large number (more than 500 per 100 km) of turns. The MAZ fuel consumption rate will increase by 5 - 25% when driving along settlements. When transporting non-standard and dangerous goods when the situation forces you to move at a reduced speed, the rate increases to 20%, and if this speed is up to 10 km / h, then by all 35%. And there are also standards for cars with air conditioning, when running in, by age, and so on. The maximum “growth” is determined for cars forced to work during emergency climatic conditions and during natural Disasters– here the surcharge can reach 50%.
Of course, there are plenty of driving tricks to save money, but the main ones are correct operation and keeping the car in perfect condition technical condition. It is with the latter that our trading house"SpetsMash" where you can buy spare parts for almost any Minsk truck - even MAZ-500, even Super MAZ, even cars with imported "stuffing". All products are certified and fully meet the requirements of the automaker. You can buy them for cash and by bank transfer. Orders are accepted by phone, on the website and via e-mail. If necessary, we organize the delivery of purchases to any region of Russia (through transport companies).
We recommend the article, the device is the principle of operation.
Fuel consumption standard MAZ
| Automobile | MAZ 64221-20 (dv. YaMZ-8424.10) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-504 (dv. YaMZ-238) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-504V (dv. YaMZ-236) | 22 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-504V1 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 22 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-509, -509A (dv. YaMZ-236) | 35 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5334 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 22 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5334 (dv. YaMZ-238) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-53352 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 22 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5337 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-537 (dv. D-12A-525) | 119 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5428 (dv. YaMZ-238DE) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5430 (dv. YaMZ-238M2) | 28 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5432 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5432 (dv. YaMZ-238M2) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543208-020 (dv. YaMZ-7511.10) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543203-020 (dv. YaMZ-236BE-12) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543203-2120 (dv. YaMZ-236BE) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543203-2122 (dv. YaMZ-236BE-12) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543203-220 (dv. YaMZ-236BE) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543203-220 (dv. YaMZ-236BE2-2) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543205-020 (dv. YaMZ-238DE2) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543205-220 (dv. YaMZ-238DE2) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543205-226 (dv. YaMZ-238DE2) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543208-20 (dv. YaMZ-7511.10) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54321 (dv. TMZ-8421-01) | 28 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54321, -54326 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54321-033 (dv. TMZ-8421.10) | 28 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54322 (dv. YaMZ-236) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54322 (dv. YaMZ-238M) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543221 (dv. YaMZ-238M) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54323 (dv. YaMZ-238M) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543230-32 (dv. YaMZ-238D) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543240-2120 (dv. YaMZ-238DE) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543242-020R (dv. D-262) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54326 (dv. MAN D2866LXF) | 21 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54327 (dv. YaMZ-238D) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54328 (dv. YaMZ-238D) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54328 (dv. YaMZ-238M) with flatbed semi-trailer MAZ-9397 | 31 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54328 (dv. YaMZ-238M2) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54329-020 (dv. YaMZ-238DE2) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54329-020 (dv. YaMZ-238M2) with ChMZAP-99858 semi-trailer and container | 34 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5432A3, -5432A3-320, -5432A3-322 (dv. YaMZ-6562.10) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5432A5, -5432A5-323 (dv. YaMZ-6582.10) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5433 02-2120 (dv. YaMZ-236NE) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5433, -54331 (dv. YaMZ-236M2) | 22 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543302 (dv. YaMZ-236NE2-14) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-543302-220 (dv. YaMZ-236NE2-5) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54331 (dv. YaMZ-238D) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54331 (dv. YaMZ-236M2) with ChMZAP-99858 semi-trailer and container | 32 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5433A2-320 (dv. YaMZ-6563.10) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-544008, -030-020, -030-021, -060-021, -060-031 (double YaMZ-7511.10, -7511.10-06) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-544018, -320-031 (engine OM-501L.Sh/7, 320 kW) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-544019, -421-031 (engine OM-501 LA.IV/4, 320 kW) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-544020 (dv. MAN D28661LF20) | 21 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-544069-320-021, -320-030, -320-031 (dv. MAN D2866LF25) | 21 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-544069-320-021 (dv. MAN D2866LF31) | 21 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5440A5, -330, -370-030 (dv. YaMZ-6582.10) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5440A8, -5440A8-360-031 (dv. YaMZ-6581.10) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5440A9, -320-030, -320-031 (dv. YaMZ-650.10) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54421 TD (272 kW) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-54421 (274 kW) with semi-trailer MAZ-97585 | 33 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5549 (dv. YaMZ-238) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5551 (dv. YaMZ-236M2) | 22 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-5551 (dv. YaMZ-238) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-642205, -020, -022, -220, -222 (double YaMZ-238D-2-3, -238DE2, -238DE-2-3) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-642208, -020R8, -021R2, -022, -026, -20, -232 (internal YaMZ-7511, -7511.10, -7511.10.02) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64221 (dv. TMZ-8421) | 29 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64221 (dv. YaMZ-238D) | 32 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64221 (dv. YaMZ-8421.10) with semi-trailer MAZ-9506010 | 50 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64221-20 (dv. YaMZ-7511.10) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-642224 (dv. Scoda M.1.2.AML637) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64226 (engine MAN D2866LF15, 272 kW) | 25 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64227 (dv. YaMZ-238D) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-64229, -64229-032, -642290-20, -642290-2120 (internal YaMZ-238D, -238DE, -238DE-10) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-6422A5, -6422A5-320, -6422A5-322 (dv. YaMZ-6582.10) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-6422A8, -6422A8-330, -6422A5-332 (engine YaMZ-6581.10, 12MKPP) | 28 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-642505-028 (dv. YaMZ-238D) 6x6 | 41 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-642505-230 (double YaMZ-238DE2) 6x6 | 35 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-642508-230, -642508-231 (double YaMZ-7511.10) 6x6 | 41 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-643008-030-010, -643008-060-010, -643008-060-020 (double YaMZ-7511.10) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-643069 (dv. MAN D2866LF25) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-6430A5, -370, -370-10 (dv. YaMZ-6582.10) | 27 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-6430A8, -360-010, -360-020 (double YaMZ-6581.10) | 28 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-6430A9 (dv. YaMZ-650.10) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MAN-543265 (272 kW) | 24 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MAN-543268 (dv. D2866LF31) | 21 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MAN-640168 (dv. D2866LF25) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MAN-640268 (engine D2866LF25, 301 kW) | 23 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MAN-642268 (301 kW) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MAN-642368 (dv. D2866LF25) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
| Automobile | MAZ-MLN-642369 (engine D2876LF03, 343 kW) | 26 | Liters per 100 km. |
YaMZ-236 is the legendary diesel engine manufactured by Avtodizel OJSC, the former This V-shaped "six" became popular in the Soviet Union, and after its collapse - throughout the CIS. The engine is currently used on trucks, tractors and combines. It can be found on famous cars, as MAZ, KRAZ, URAL, ZIL, as well as on K-700 tractors.
The closest associates of this model are YaMZ-238 for 8 cylinders and YaMZ-240 - 12-cylinder. YaMZ-236 has many modifications with different numbers Horse power.
History of creation
In the 1950s, the Yaroslavl plant received a state special order for the creation of more powerful diesel engines, which were supposed to replace the obsolete YaAZ. These motors were supposed to be more powerful and more economical than their predecessors. On the other hand, the state wanted to get a universal internal combustion engine that could be used on different brands cars.
Under the leadership of the outstanding designer of the USSR and honored scientist G. D. Chernyshev, the YaMZ-236 engine was created, as well as the rest of the family of diesel engines of that time. He also developed an equally legendary series of units for KAMAZ.
Thus, the ICE was born, which to this day is famous for many. He is different high power, reliability, easy repair, simple maintenance and cheap spare parts. Great resource and maintainability allow it to serve faithfully for many years.
Production at present
To date, the production of YaMZ-236 continues, although its successor YaMZ-530 already exists. The volumes of motors sold do not fall, but due to hostilities in Ukraine, supplies to Kremenchugsky stopped car assembly plant, which produced the famous KRAZ trucks. Of course, the Yaroslavl plant lost the sales segment of motors, but this did not reduce production.
Specifications and device
The YaMZ-236 engine has fairly high specifications. It is equipped with 6 cylinders, which are arranged in parallel and have an inclination angle of 90 degrees. Fuel enters directly into the cylinders, that is, direct injection. The pressure in the engine is 16.5 atmospheres. The piston has a diameter of 130 mm in the base and 140 mm in the repair version, with its stroke of 140 mm.
The engine has a fuel pump high pressure mechanical type and injectors that directly inject each cylinder. Each block head has 6 valves - 3 intake and 3 exhaust.
Cooling system - liquid with forced circulation carried out using a water pump. The drive is a belt that rotates the pump pulley from the pulley crankshaft.
The YaMZ-236 engine has a volume of 11 liters, power ranges from 150 to 420 horsepower. On the latest models it was increased to 500 hp. In connection with the increase in fuel tariffs, the manufacturers of YaMZ-236, whose consumption was 40 liters per 100 km, reduced this figure to 25 liters.
Basic power unit was made of cast iron until 2010, until it was decided to transfer it to aluminum, like the cylinder head. This made it possible to simplify the procedure for repairing and boring cylinder necks, and honing became more accurate. At the same time, the unit block did not lose its former strength.
The main characteristics of the YaMZ-236 show that the engine has a fairly simple design, which ensures ease of repair and maintenance.
Adjustment
YaMZ-236, which is manually adjusted, requires special tool. It includes quite a lot of operations. Consider the basic manipulations that need to be carried out:
- Valve adjustment, which is done using a special probe designed for the YaMZ-236 engine. The device of the motor allows you to do this operation with the valve cover.
- More precisely, this process is called balancing. It is held at a special stand.
- Adjusting the fuel supply through the injection pump.
All adjustment operations are carried out only in car services, since they require a special tool that is difficult to find in a garage.
Service
Servicing a YaMZ-236 diesel engine is quite simple if you know how and what to do. Consider the main operations that are included in the service:
- Oil change. It is generally recommended for this engine to use lubricating fluid for diesel engines of the M10G2K type.
- Replacement of filter elements. The motor has several filters that should be changed every 15,000 km. This filter element is coarse and fine cleaning fuel, repair kits for all filters.
- Injection adjustment, in other words - blowing nozzles.
- Replacing gaskets and cylinder head. In some cases, the gasket material of the pallet changes.
- Tighten or replace drive belts.
Here, in principle, are all the maintenance operations that are carried out at YaMZ-236. Everything else changes in the current and planned repairs.
Repair
Repair of the YaMZ-236 engine is carried out only in car services, since it requires special equipment and tools. They include such stands: for disassembly and assembly of the power unit and its elements, balancing, adjusting and for testing.
You will also need special equipment:
- Boring and honing machine.
- Equipment for grinding and polishing the crankshaft.
- Stand with bath for crimping.
- Reamers for grinding seats valve seats.
- Equipment for installing directional valves.
- Turning and milling machine.
- Stand for
- Press for pressing bearings and seals.
- Argon welding, in some cases.
- Other tools and equipment special purpose for the repair of diesel engines.
As you can see from the list, you will need a lot of stands and equipment that not every car service can afford.
Repair of the YaMZ-236 engine is carried out in several stages. All of them are quite complex, and a professional is responsible for each. narrow profile. Let's consider each step in turn:
- Disassembly. Probably, it is already clear that the internal combustion engine is disassembled using the usual extended set of tools and an air pistol.
- Diagnosing faults and determining the list of spare parts that need to be replaced.
- Grinding the crankshaft and preparing the cylinder block.
- Washing of all spare parts and assemblies. Usually it is carried out with hot kerosene.
- When everything is ready, assembly takes place.
The process of dismantling YaMZ-236 takes about 6-8 hours. It takes about 16-20 hours to prepare parts for assembly, depending on the complexity of the breakdown. The assembly process takes up to 36 hours. It all depends on how worn out the main units and components are and how well they prepared them for the final stage of work.
Future plans
Plans to discontinue production in 2020 YaMZ engines-236, since a new YaMZ-660 is being prepared to replace it, which will become 100 horsepower more powerful, and the volume will increase to 12.5 liters. At the same time, the classic layout of cylinders and valves will remain. An innovation is planned to be an electronic high-pressure fuel pump, which will have the Euro-5 standard, which will allow engines to enter the world market. It is also planned to continue to release diesel power plants based on YaMZ-236.
Yaroslavl Motor Plant (YaMZ) is one of the leaders in the production of power units for different types transport. Diesel engines (there are simply no gasoline analogues!) of this manufacturer are installed on more than three hundred cars and various power plants for industrial needs.
At YaMZ motors different fuel consumption per 100 km. These indicators depend not only on the engine model, but also on the modification of the vehicle on which it is installed, the weight of the car and its other parameters. Therefore, with the same engine, the fuel consumption of MAZ, ZIL, KrAZ, Ural trucks and buses will differ significantly. In the technical characteristics of YaMZ engines, fuel consumption is indicated in the very minimum amount and in units of g / kWh (g / hp h), which are not liters!
YaMZ-236
One of the most popular lines of diesel engines Soviet period- YaMZ-236, their production started back in the 60s of the last century. Models of this type, which were produced in atmospheric ( basic version) and turbocharged modifications, have earned a reputation as the most flawless and reliable engines domestic production. YaMZ-236 engines were equipped with trucks and dump trucks: MAZ, ZIL, Ural, as well as LAZ and LiAZ buses.
| Engine | Consumption (city) | Consumption (route) | Type of fuel | |
| 236M2 180 hp | — | — | 214 (157) | Diesel |
| 236A 195 HP | — | — | 214 (157) | |
| 236BE2 250 HP | — | — | 197 (145) | |
| 236NE2 230 HP | — | — | 197 (145) |
YaMZ-238
Diesel power units YaMZ-238, which have been manufactured at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant since 1965, despite their outdated design and average technical characteristics, are still popular. These motors have proven themselves to be reliable and highly maintainable. Today, the YaMZ-238 engine has been upgraded and meets Euro-2 and Euro-3 standards. Most often such diesel plants can be seen on MAZ trucks (especially on MAZ 5336 models), KrAZ and Ural. Buyers can choose between a conventional "atmospheric" version and a turbocharged version of the engine.
YaMZ-7511
The YaMZ-7511 power unit has become a worthy successor to the YaMZ-238 version, having received several improved characteristics in comparison with its predecessor. The engines, which began production in Yaroslavl in 1996, have significantly increased power (in the range from 360 to 400 "horses"), and they also received an efficient high-pressure fuel pump. Trucks MAZ, KrAZ and Ural are equipped with such installations. Most often, modifications 7511.10, 7511.10-06, 7511.10-12, 7511.10-16, 7511.10-36 can be found on such trucks.
| Engine | Consumption (city) | Consumption (route) | Min. beats consumption, g/kW.h (g/l.s.h) | Type of fuel |
| 7511.10 400 HP | — | — | 195 (143) | Diesel |
| 7511.10-06 400 HP | — | — | 195 (143) | |
| 7511.10-12 400 HP | — | — | 195 (143) | |
| 7511.10-16 400 HP | — | — | 195 (143) | |
| 7511.10-35 400 HP | — | — | 195 (143) |
YaMZ-240
YaMZ-240 power units are the pride of the domestic motor industry. They are used for automotive and construction equipment, but most often such engines can be seen on mining trucks BelAZ various modifications and carrying capacity from 30 to 52 tons. Diesel engines of this series have been produced since 1988, and by now they have three main modifications - YaMZ-240M2, YaMZ-240 NM2 and YaMZ-240 PM2.
YaMZ-536
The production of the YaMZ-36 diesel engine, which meets Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards, began in Yaroslavl in 2010. Since 2012, various versions of this power unit can be seen on MAZ, Ural, KrAZ, GAZ trucks, LiAZ and PAZ buses. There is talk that from 2018 YaMZ-536 engines will be installed on KAMAZ trucks intended for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
| Engine | Consumption (city) | Consumption (route) | Min. beats consumption, g/kW.h (g/l.s.h) | Type of fuel |
| 536 312 HP | — | — | 194.5 (143) | Diesel |
| 536.10 312 HP | — | — | 194.5 (143) | |
| 536.30 312 HP | — | — | 194.5 (143) | |
| 536.40 312 HP | — | — | 194.5 (143) |
Most drivers are used to calculating fuel consumption for YaMZ per 100 km in liters, so the figures in the tables for such people may be incomprehensible. The maximum theoretical diesel consumption per unit of time is calculated by the formula: Q=N*q. In which N is an indicator of engine power, q is an indicator of specific fuel consumption, and Q is the maximum possible theoretical diesel consumption in grams per 1 hour of operation of the power unit at maximum power. Such an indicator, in theory, is always a dozen grams higher from real consumption, since in practice the power unit does not constantly work at its maximum.
Having received the fuel consumption in grams, you can convert it to liters. Depending on the temperature of the diesel, the weight of 1 liter of fuel is 830-860 grams.
It is important to remember that the fuel consumption of trucks increases by 1.4 liters from the norm for every ton of cargo. The actual fuel consumption is also affected by the quality of the oil poured into the engine and low tire pressure.
YaMZ-236 is one of the most common Soviet-made diesel engines. It is a four-stroke, six-cylinder, 12-valve diesel engine a wide range of applications. Along with the titles of one of the most versatile and popular, this engine also earned a reputation as the most reliable and "problem-free" of domestic diesel engines.
YaMZ-236 has a solid and glorious history. It began at the turn of the 50s and 60s of the twentieth century, when in front of the design bureau of Yaroslavsky engine plant the task was set: to develop and put into series a modern and economical diesel engine " general profile”, which could be used not only on cars and tractors, but also in many other areas National economy.
In the Soviet Union at that time, a course was taken for the general "dieselization" of heavy vehicles. Majority trucks then they worked on gasoline and were very uneconomical in terms of fuel consumption. New, modern, highly efficient and economical "engines" running on diesel fuel, it was supposed to equip heavy vehicles and truck tractors; buses and tractors, various special equipment.
It should be noted that at that time the USSR was actually "ahead of the rest" in terms of the level of development of industrial technologies and engineering. We, modern people, accustomed to the technological lag of our country behind developed countries, are unusual. But at that time, new engines, launched in 1961 in a series on Yaroslavl plant, - YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 (eight-cylinder version) were really the best in the world.
YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206 - the "ancestors" of YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238
These diesel engines became direct "descendants" of the YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206 diesel engines, which were produced at the Yaroslavl (until 1958 it was called "automobile") engine plant. By the time the YaMZ-236 was developed, these two-stroke 4- and 6-cylinder engines were already rather obsolete, both technically and morally. After all, they were created on the basis of General Motor's GMS-4/71 and GMS-6/71 diesel engines of the 1930s.
When developing and launching mass production diesel engines of a new generation, Soviet specialists relied on the rich experience in the production of diesel engines, accumulated in the domestic industry. Remember: the whole Great Patriotic War Germans, British and Americans fought on gasoline tanks. While in the USSR only pre-war BTs were gasoline. And the legendary T-34, and all subsequent Soviet combat vehicles were diesel.
The group for the creation of new Yaroslavl diesel engines was led by an outstanding Soviet scientist, designer, inventor, Doctor of Technical Sciences Georgy Dmitrievich Chernyshev. With his direct participation, a family of YaMZ engines that met the requirements of the time was created, which became an excellent energy basis for the national economy of the USSR. The state received a powerful, reliable, extremely versatile diesel engine with simple maintenance, unpretentiousness and the ability to use cheap spare parts.
In the assembly shop of YaMZ. Photo 2014.
The new YaMZ-236 diesel engine turned out to be so efficient and reliable that it immediately became the only and regular one for dozens of types. various equipment, and after more than half a century it continues to be produced at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant - in dozens of different modifications!
Although since then, of course, world technologies have gone far ahead, and this motor is already far from the best in the world. In terms of performance and efficiency of use, it can be compared with modern Chinese counterparts On the market. But in terms of reliability and maintainability, it is still ahead of not only the "Chinese", but also the best world analogues "originally" from the most developed countries.
Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-236 engine
The six cylinders of the YaMZ-236 engine are arranged in two rows, at an angle of ninety degrees. The applied V-shaped arrangement of cylinders was used to reduce the length of the engine and its weight, for a more rational layout and to reduce the weight of the entire vehicle as a whole.
A distinctive feature of these engines is also the rational placement of all units. This goes well with the simplicity of the design, improving their accessibility for both operation and repair. Components and parts that must be regularly serviced during operation are located in easily accessible places, mainly in the front of the engine, as well as in the collapse of the cylinders.
Located at the top in front fuel filter, air compressor brake system and an electric generator. They are attached to top cover block. The compressor and generator are driven by a belt from a pulley on the fan shaft. Also in front are a water pump and power steering. They are driven by a pulley, directly from the crankshaft of the engine. On the left, at the front end of the cylinder block, oil filters are located - coarse and centrifugal oil cleaning. The oil pump also works from the crankshaft gear, which is located on the front main bearing cap.
YaMZ-236, just released from the wooden factory packaging.
The electric starter for starting the engine is located with right side down below. The crankcase is protected from below by a pallet, which is also a container for lubrication system motor. Interchangeable cylinder heads are located on the mating planes of each row of cylinders. The valves of the gas distribution system and nozzles are also located there. Valve mechanisms closed with steel caps, one of which has a branch pipe for filling engine oil.
On the side, from the outer sides, exhaust pipelines are attached to the side surfaces of the heads; from the sides of the collapse - inlet and outlet pipes, with thermostats of the cooling system. Air filter located in a special adapter, which combines all intake pipes. The high pressure fuel pump is located in the cylinder chamber. It is installed assembled with a speed level regulator, with an auto-clutch for advancing diesel fuel injection and a fuel priming pump.
Now the rear layout. The flywheel housing is fixed at the rear end of the cylinder block. This crankcase is equipped with a hatch from below, closed with a steel stamp cover. A clutch is mounted on the flywheel, and a gearbox with a clutch housing is located behind the end face of the flywheel housing.
Main characteristics in numbers
YaMZ-236 diesel engines are produced both atmospheric (basic version) and turbocharged. The power range starts from 150 horsepower, or 110 kW (for the derated version of the YaMZ-236G) and varies up to 300 horsepower, or 220 kW, for the forced turbocharged version.
Overall dimensions of the YaMZ-236 engine:
- Length without gearbox and clutch: 1020 mm;
- Length with gearbox and clutch: 1800 mm;
- Width: 1006mm;
- Height: 1195 mm.
YaMZ-236 engine weight (dry, unfilled):
- Without auxiliary equipment: from 820 to 1010 kg;
- With a set of auxiliary equipment: from 880 to 1070 kg;
- With accessory kit plus clutch and gearbox: 1170 to 1385 kg.
- The working volume of the combustion chamber is 11.15 liters (11,150 cubic centimeters).
- The maximum torque is from 667 to 1275 Nm, at 1200-1500 rpm.
- Cylinder diameter: 130mm; piston stroke: 140 mm; compression ratio - 17.5.
- Min. specific consumption fuel: 214 (157) g/kWh (g/hp.h)
The main elements of the YaMZ-236 engine
The main body part of the motor is its block crankcase, which is a special spatial casting of low-alloyed gray pearlitic cast iron. This casting is processed by the method of "artificial aging" in order to eliminate thermal stress and maintain accurate geometric shapes during operation.
The cylinder liners, machined in the block, are thick-walled, centered along two concentric bores in the block plates at the top and bottom. The row of cylinders on the right is offset from the opposite by thirty-five millimeters to accommodate two connecting rods on a common crankshaft crankpin.
Cylinder block YaMZ-236
Each of the cylinder nests is provided with two coaxial cylindrical holes made in the upper and lower plates of the block. On the top plate there are also annular grooves for sleeve collars. On the inner walls of the cylinder block there is a system oil channels, which serves to continuously drain lubricant to the bearings of the camshaft and crankshaft, oil filter and to the liquid-oil heat exchanger.
YaMZ-236 engine cylinder head
The cylinder head of the base Yaroslavl diesel engine is a one-piece cast iron casting attached to the cylinder block with heat-treated chrome-nickel steel studs. To ensure the removal of excess heat, the cylinder head is equipped with a separate water jacket, joint with the water jacket of the entire block.
Pressed valves are located inside the cylinder head, equipped with springs and fasteners; as well as rocker arms with axles and nozzles. Valve seats are plug-in, made of special cast iron and heat-resistant alloy. The saddles are pressed into the sockets with an interference fit. The joints of the cylinder head, block and liners are sealed with one, single for three cylinders, a “sandwich” type gasket.
Crankshaft of YaMZ-236 engine
The crankshaft of the YaMZ-236 engine is made of steel grade "50G" by hot stamping. Crankshaft journals - hardened, by means of heating by currents high frequencies. There are four crankshaft main bearings, three connecting rod journals. The connecting rod journals have additional internal cavities in which the oil is subjected to centrifugal cleaning. Counterweights are installed on the cheeks of the crankshaft, in assembly with which it is installed and regulated (balanced).
Axial fixation of the crankshaft in the engine is provided by four bronze half rings mounted in the grooves of the rear main bearing. The toe and shank of the crankshaft are sealed with special self-clamping seals made of reinforced rubber.
The flywheel of the base Yaroslavl motor is cast from gray cast iron. It is attached to the rear end of the crankshaft with bolts made of special alloy steel. These bolts are protected from spontaneous turning by locking plates. The flywheel is equipped with a steel ring gear to start the engine with a starter. The crown is fixed on the front end of the flywheel with twelve bolts locked with special folding washers.
Flywheel of the YaMZ-236 engine
The 12 radial holes on the flywheel are designed to turn the crankshaft when making engine adjustments. The shape and location of the cavities at the front end of the flywheel provide the directional imbalance necessary for the balancing system. The flywheel balancing process is carried out separately from the crankshaft, so all flywheels are interchangeable.
Connecting rod of YaMZ-236 engine
The connecting rod is made of forged steel "40X", has an I-section; the connector of its lower head is oblique, at an angle of 55 degrees. Replaceable liners are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod, while a steel / bronze OCS bushing with an outer diameter of 56 mm is pressed into the upper one. In the upper heads of the connecting rods of the YaMZ-236 engines of the previous production heads, two steel / bronze bushings were pressed in, and the annular space between them was used to supply oil to the piston pin.
The pistons installed on YaMZ-236 engines are made of high-silicon eutectic aluminum alloy. To improve the running-in of the piston to the sleeve, its surface is covered with the thinnest (0.003-0.006 mm) layer of tin. The piston skirt has a special recess for the cooling nozzle; as well as two side recesses so that the counterweights of the crankshaft do not touch the piston during operation.
The outer surface of the piston is provided with five grooves for piston rings. The top three grooves are reserved for the installation of compression rings. One groove above the piston pin and one more - in the lower part of the piston skirt - for accommodating low-removable rings.
YaMZ-236 engine in section
The piston pin, which serves to connect the piston to the connecting rod, is a hollow, floating type. It is made of steel 12-ХН/ЗА. The outer surfaces of the fingers are cemented to a depth of 1.0-1.4 mm; are subjected to hardening and tempering to hardness NKS 56-65. Outside diameter finger is 50 mm.
The piston rings on the YaMZ-236 are cast from special cast iron and installed in the piston grooves in a certain order (see above). They are chrome-plated, split. Compression and low-removable rings are different from each other various types sections.
The gas distribution mechanism of the YaMZ-236 engine
The gas distribution mechanism on the YaMZ-236 is an overhead valve, with a lower location camshaft. The valves are driven by pushers, rods and rocker arms. The main elements of the mechanism are as follows: camshaft, with drive gear and bearings; pushers and pusher axles; rods and rocker arms with adjusting screws and axles; valves with springs and guide sleeves.
The camshaft is forged, made from 45 carbon steel; The tappets are also steel, stamped, oscillating type with a roller to contact the camshaft lobes. intake and exhaust valves are made from special heat-resistant steel.
Engine lubrication system YaMZ-236
The lubrication system on YaMZ-236 engines is used of a mixed (combined) type, with a "wet" sump. The oil supply is provided by a fully unified gear-type oil pump. Oil pump consists of two sections (forcing and radiator). The pressure section pumps oil into the engine lubrication system, and the radiator section pumps it through the radiator.
YaMZ-236 power system
Split power system. It consists of a high pressure fuel pump injection pump pressure, with fuel priming pump and regulator, injection advance clutch, injectors, fuel filters, fuel lines. In accordance with the order of operation of the cylinders, the high-pressure fuel pump pumps diesel fuel through high-pressure pipelines to the injectors, which inject the next “portion” of atomized fuel into the cylinder cavities. Through bypass valve and the jet of the fine filter, excess fuel is discharged back into the fuel tank.
There are 35 modifications of the "aspirated" YaMZ-236: without turbocharging, with power from 150 to 195 hp. A detailed specification of each of them is available on the website of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. The scope of these engines is as follows: marine engines; compressor stations; electrical units; marine diesel electrical installations; railcars; excavators, road graders and rollers, mobile cranes, front loaders, bulldozers, all-terrain vehicles, armored personnel carriers, ZIL, Ural, MAZ vehicles (mostly Soviet, from previous years of production).
MAZ-5551 car with YaMZ-236M2-1 engine
There are 54 turbocharged modifications of the YaMZ-236, their power varies from 230 to 300 horsepower. They are completed modern buses; harvesters; tractors and special equipment various manufacturers; some variants of MAZ and Ural cars.
YaMZ-236 in the modern market: the cost of these engines and reviews about them
The price of the new YaMZ-236 atmospheric engine ranges from 370 to 450 thousand rubles; on YaMZ-236 turbocharged - from 480 to 650 thousand rubles. From time to time there is an opportunity to purchase YaMZ-236 a little cheaper: from the storage of the State Reserve, new, in pallets. Half the price of a new one can be found on ad sites used YaMZ-236 or motors of individual assembly (after overhaul).
For modern development YaMZ-236 diesel engines have rather mediocre specific indicators performance and economy. The design, outdated over the past half century, does not allow these motors to comply with Euro-3 and higher standards. Turbocharged versions managed to be finalized to Euro-2 standards.
YaMZ-236ND motor is installed on modern Rostov harvesters "Vector"
However, they unsurpassed reliability and unpretentiousness; low price(compared with imported analogues) on the motors themselves and spare parts for them contribute to maintaining a steady demand for these products. Reviews of the YaMZ-236 come down to one thing: fuel consumption, by today's standards, is large, but reliability is simply excellent. Even in large ATPs, where bus drivers periodically change and there is no need to talk about caring for technology, YaMZ-236 engines honestly work out the resource declared by the manufacturer of 800 thousand kilometers. And continue to work further, without serious damage, without requiring major repairs for a long time.
