The new best Russian truck in the world. The new world's best Russian truck All-terrain vehicle tractor

The GAZ-71 tracked tractor, a snow and swamp-type transporter, was produced at the Zavolzhsky plant in 1968-1985. The predecessor of the car was the GAZ-47 all-terrain vehicle.

The GAZ-71 transporter is a floating snow and swamp-going structure on caterpillar, designed for the transportation of various goods. Military modifications this car equipped with folding passenger seats and can transport personnel. Transporters are effective vehicles for evacuating the wounded in conditions complete off-road... They are used for the passage of virgin snow - both flat and hilly.

The technical characteristics of the machine allow to overcome a ford of 1.2 meters, and when crossing deeper bodies of water, the conveyor switches to the swimming mode. Operation of the GAZ-71 all-terrain vehicle is possible with temperature conditions from +40 to -50 degrees Celsius. It is successfully used in the Far North regions.

Dimensional and weight characteristics

Main settings tracked conveyor GAZ-71:

conveyor length - 5.365 meters;
height in the cockpit area - 1.74 meters;
width - 2,582 meters;
base of driving axles - 3.63 meters;
track - 2.18 meters;
mass with full gas station and spare parts - 3750 kg;
lifting capacity - 1000 kg;
towed trailer weight - 2000 kg;
full weight with cargo and crew - 4950-5300 kg.

Power point

General characteristics of the motor:

ZMZ-66 engine, gasoline;
number of cylinders - 8;
working volume - 2.25 liters;
the arrangement of the cylinders is V-shaped;
compression ratio - 6.7;
piston stroke - 80 mm;
cylinder diameter - 92 mm;
power at 3200 rpm - 115 hp With.

Transmission

Some technical data of the conveyor:

four-speed gearbox, mechanical, synchronizers are in third and fourth gear, reverse with a reduced gear ratio;
transfer case two-shaft type, with two gears;
main gear - bevel gears in an aluminum crankcase;
cardan drive - shaft on needle bearings;
dry clutches, multi-disc, leading 10, driven 9 pieces;
tape brakes, copper-asbestos, drum diameter - 294 mm, clamping belt width - 120 mm;
side transmissions, single-stage, with a cylindrical gear.

Refueling tanks

Consumable data for components and assemblies:

main gasoline tanks with a total volume of 232.5 liters;
reserve tank - 77.5 liters;
cooling system - 30 liters;
engine lubrication system - 9.5 liters;
oil bath air filter - 0,55;
gearbox crankcase volume - 3 liters;
crankcase volume main gear- 3 liters;
crankcase volume final drives- 2.6 liters;
roller hubs - 0.16 liters each;
the volume of the fan reducer crankcase - 0.11 liters;
the capacity of the clutch hydraulic system is 0.45 liters.

Main controls:

pivoting functions - alternate engagement of the side clutches and brakes on the driving rollers;
activation of the mountain brake - clamps on the levers;
gear shifting - floor lever;
transfer case gear shifting - floor lever;
clutch operation - pedal on the left, hydraulically operated.

Chassis parameters:

drive wheel axle height - 620 mm;
towing unit axle height - 620 mm;
height cargo compartment- 1130 mm;
maximum speed on the highway - 50 km / h;
maximum speed on water - 6 km / h

Electrical appliances and mechanisms:

network voltage - 12 volts;
generator brand G130-E1 direct current, shunt, shielded, 28 amperes;
rechargeable battery - type 6-ST-68-EMZ;
relay-regulator - type РР-129;
ignition distributor - type P105 with centrifugal ignition timing and octane corrector;
standard two-blade wiper;
starter - type ST130-B, push-button activation.

Army modification

The armored tracked all-terrain vehicle (armor thickness - 6 mm) GAZ-71 airborne, mobile, highly maneuverable, with minimal dimensions, is the best suited for operation in military conditions. The conveyor has only one relative disadvantage: its tracks wear out quickly, and individual tracks have to be changed. The rest of the car is considered technically perfect, spare parts for the GAZ-71 are not often required.

The cockpit is equipped with two places - for the driver and the officer accompanying the vehicle. The body can accommodate 10 personnel.

The body of the transporter is not armored from below and is quite vulnerable, but the vehicle was not created for offensive combat operations, but only as a reliable carrier of cargo in off-road conditions.

Civil modifications

On the basis of the GAZ-71, several options for an all-terrain vehicle were created for household needs:

GAZ-34032 - search and rescue all-terrain vehicle with enhanced performance for swimming in calm waters.
GAZ-34033 with two generators, a dual battery as a medical version, as well as a repair version with gas welding equipment.
GAZ-34034 - version with diesel engine D-247.
GAZ-34036 - diesel option, designed for off-road operation with frequent swims in calm water.

GAZ-71: reviews

The conveyor does not go on free sale to the public, so only mechanics can appreciate its merits army units and drivers of geological prospecting parties, who take the car out onto the tracks every day. All of them note the reliability of the design, high engine resource and almost one hundred percent cross-country ability.

Back in the early twentieth century, designers began to come up with extreme cars... Super trucks and ATVs were developed by many engineers in different countries... offered many models with characteristics of all-terrain vehicles.

Features of all-terrain vehicles

Not all trucks can get the title of an all-terrain vehicle. To do this, you must meet a number of criteria.

All-terrain trucks run on tires low pressure... On the wheel rim a wide tire is mounted. Due to the large area, traction with the soil (or any other road surface) is improved. The air in the tire allows the technique of this type to overcome water obstacles, creating a kind of buoyancy.

Another important difference between all-terrain vehicles is the "breaking" frame. It consists of two interconnected parts. This gives it flexibility, allowing all wheels to touch the ground in all situations.

Wheeled Trucks

All-terrain trucks that travel on wheels are universal technique... They are able to move without harm both on roads and on unpaved areas. Even water will not be an obstacle for them. Wheeled ATVs weigh less than tracked vehicles. But at the same time they are able to carry loads of the same mass.

Given the design of the vehicles, wheeled supertrucks are considered to be easier to repair than their tracked counterparts. Chassis Tracked vehicles are made up of a large number of metal parts that are heavily stressed and damaged. V field conditions they are much more difficult to repair than wheeled trucks.

Wheeled off-road trucks:

YAG-12 is the first Soviet all-terrain vehicle.

ZIL-49061, which is better known as the "Blue Bird". It is a floating truck with three axles and four-wheel drive... He overcomes all water obstacles at a speed of up to 8 kilometers per hour.

ZIL-135P called "Dolphin". This is another amphibious truck. On roads, it is capable of speeds up to 65 kilometers per hour, and in water - up to 16.5 kilometers per hour. It withstands storms with a power of 5 and breaks the ice in its path.

Tracked vehicles

Crawler-type all-terrain trucks have their own advantages. Vehicles of this type are characterized by increased cross-country ability, which is higher than that of wheeled vehicles. Tracked trucks are capable of moving through snow, swamps, plowed soil and other difficult areas.

Another feature is the folding of the links in two planes. Thereby tracked all-terrain vehicles often compared to a snake that crawls on the ground. This technique is capable of overcoming high obstacles that are higher than the technique itself.

The best trackers:

"Vityaz DT". It features an articulated design, which is more typical for wheeled vehicles. "Vityaz" is capable of speeds up to 47 kilometers per hour. It overcomes obstacles with a height of up to 1.5 meters and an elevation angle of 30 degrees. It passes sections with water with a total length of up to 4 meters.

TM-120, which is similar to the previous all-terrain vehicle. It differs only in the absence of articulation of the structure.

SM-552-03 is small in size. But it can comfortably carry up to 8 passengers.

It is very difficult to say which cargo all-terrain vehicles are better. It depends on the tasks assigned to them and the operating conditions.

At one time, the creation of a tracked armored personnel carrier served as the beginning for the termination of the production of many outdated models and the transition of the Soviet automobile industry to new level... Today the all-terrain vehicle GTT is still suitable for operation and is widely used in many areas of production. Let's take a look at its main characteristics, cost and options for additional equipment.

The first tracked tractor was presented in 1958, but the final modernized version was released only in 1960. The production of the unit was taken up by the Kharkov tractor plant, which in just a few years became one of the main suppliers of heavy vehicles. For example, GTT has completely replaced models such as ZIL-E167 and many others.

The GTG all-terrain vehicle maneuvers perfectly even on the water surface

Soon after the presentation, the all-terrain vehicle arrives at conveyor production and begins to be used in various fields. True, the Rubtsovsk Machine-Building Plant, built in the late 50s, has already started mass production of cars. The leadership of the USSR decided to transfer production to the Altai Territory due to the creation of a new modernized plant, which at that time met all modern requirements.

Initially, the tracked tractor was delivered in very small quantities, and, for example, only 120 vehicles were produced in 1963. For comparison, already in 1966 the Rubtsovsk plant reached a stable figure of 110 cars per month. In the 70s, on the basis of the all-terrain vehicle, a special timber-alloy machine was even developed, which was widely used at VDNKh. In 1980 mass production The Semipalatinsk plant was also engaged in caterpillar tractors, which managed to quickly reach the figure of 700-800 all-terrain vehicles per year.

Considering modern history car, then the last all-terrain vehicle GTT new series was put on the assembly line in 2007. To date, many units have survived, both Soviet-made and Russian modernized models.

All-terrain vehicle GTT: modifications and purpose

The idea of creating a new all-terrain vehicle was a complete victory over the off-road, which is especially typical for the northern regions of Russia. The all-terrain vehicle GTT is designed for the transportation of goods and passengers in extremely low temperatures and extreme weather conditions... The car is not afraid of swamps, deep lakes and snow-covered forests, thanks to which the military leadership of the USSR often used an armored personnel carrier for the needs of the army. The swamp-going vehicle can still be found in the armament of some countries, for example, Kazakhstan, which, together with Russia, was engaged in the development and equipment of the vehicle.

The appearance of the unit on a tracked platform solved the problem of such regions as Siberia, the Far North and the Arctic, where it was impossible to use wheeled models of tractors. Among the people, the all-terrain vehicle GTT received the nickname "amphibian" at the expense unique design, which allows you to freely cross water areas and even overgrown swamps. The armored personnel carrier is also not afraid snow drifts, sandstorms and dense forests. Despite its relatively bulky design, the machine is characterized by excellent maneuverability between trees and quickly traverses difficult thickets.

The first model of the all-terrain vehicle was released in the USSR

There are only three types of armored personnel carriers, which differ in engine power and additional equipment. Let's take a closer look at them:

The TB crawler tractor runs on a diesel engine from Yaroslavl plant with a capacity of 240 hp.
Model of 2007 GT-TBU with increased load-carrying capacity and dimensions of the cargo area.
A kind of hybrid ZIL-157V and GTG, called GT-TS and the ability to overcome swamps of medium depth and heavily snow-covered areas.

Specifications

Depending on the model, the GTT all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a diesel engine with an output of up to 240 hp. For example, the standard GT-T has a six-cylinder V-6A engine with a capacity of 200 hp. On average, such an all-terrain vehicle accelerates to 45 km / h, and the maximum speed afloat does not exceed six kilometers per hour. The lifting capacity of the unit is only 2000 kg, and the total weight at complete set 8200 kg. It should be noted that the power capabilities of the GT-TBU in 2007 are equal to 4000 kg, which is twice as much as its predecessors. The GT-TB model accelerates to 55 km / h and has a carrying capacity of 2500 kg.

The chassis of the armored personnel carrier includes 6 road wheels, which are a movable stand for common platform car. The drive wheels are located in front block all-terrain vehicle, and in the rear - guides. The tractor has a high quality torsion bar suspension, which is responsible for even distribution of the load and does not allow sudden breakdown of motor mechanisms.

The gearbox on the car is mechanical and includes five gears, not counting additional installation, which is located at the rear of the structure and can reach speeds of up to seven kilometers per hour. Additionally, the GTT all-terrain vehicle has special turning mechanisms that help to easily maneuver off-road. The steering system works as follows: one track is disconnected while the second continues to maintain balance and automatically turn the car to the side. It is worth noting that thanks to the original steering mechanism, the GTT all-terrain vehicle can rotate in one place around its axis.

All-terrain vehicle GTT has high temperature limits

Paying attention to the visual characteristics, a high-quality supporting body should be highlighted, which is made of a metal frame structure with an additional open body... For ease of operation, the GTT all-terrain vehicle is conventionally divided into three zones: the driver's cab, the body and the engine compartment. It should be noted that the body is not separated from the cab, and it can be additionally closed with special fabric covers.

Features of the all-terrain vehicle

First of all, it is worth noting the ability to move around deep water bodies and wetlands. With the help of special caterpillar screws, the GTT all-terrain vehicle easily moves along the water surface and overgrown viscous plane. You can be convinced of this by watching photos and videos where extreme motorists conduct their own tests. tracked tractor... To develop speed on the water, special hydrodynamic flaps are used, which significantly increase the total power of the unit. On some versions of the GTT, the shields can be removable, and this point must be clarified immediately upon purchase.

In fact, in addition to the three main models of the snow and swamp vehicle, there are many more modernized options with additional equipment. As noted above, even under the Soviet Union, a special logging unit based on GTT was developed. Very important indicator is the year of manufacture of the car, whether it was preserved or not, and if so, how well it was preserved.

The unit provides for the installation of various equipment, which significantly expands it technical capabilities... For example, the all-terrain vehicle GTT can be equipped with drilling devices, manipulator cranes, mechanisms for repairing lines and other interesting installations. In fact, you can equip an armored personnel carrier with any parts that will help you work effectively in a specific area. Many amateur inventors independently come up with all kinds of adaptations for an all-terrain vehicle, depending on the type of activity, and avid hunters even turn a car into a real house on wheels.

The all-terrain vehicle GTT is practically unsinkable and quickly emerges from overgrown reservoirs

Price

Despite the fact that many models of the all-terrain vehicle have long been discontinued, buying most of them will not be special labor... If you are considering buying a GTT from conservation, be sure to contact trusted companies that will conduct a quality check of the car and find out whether it is suitable for further use. On average, the cost of such a car will cost 2 million rubles, depending on the year of manufacture. New model with a diesel engine YaMZ-238BL-1 will cost 2,260,000 rubles, and the 2007 equipment will cost one and a half million. As for the old used models of armored personnel carriers, their price is about 200-400 thousand rubles.

It is very difficult to give recommendations regarding the choice of a particular model, since everything will depend on the scope of application. For example, if you want to purchase a GTT all-terrain vehicle for hunting or fishing, then you can completely get by with an old version of the eighties. But for residents of the northern regions of Russia, who often visit forest and snowy areas, it is better to advise the 2007 model of the all-terrain vehicle.

Concluding the article, it is worth adding that today does not exist worthy analogues GT-T, which could also easily move on the water.

The car is considered a real iron Ichthyander, capable of crossing long distances in a floating state.

The all-terrain vehicle GTT belongs to the middle weight category, has a number of unique technical characteristics and a rather attractive price in comparison with new similar models. In turn, additional devices will help make a universal device out of the machine, which can be used both for production and for personal purposes.

Not so long ago, our online edition. We jumped a bit with premature conclusions. The fact is that there is one more candidate for this title in our country. Meet the Burlak, a six-wheeled amphibious off-road vehicle.

At the moment, the six-wheeled off-road vehicle "Burlak" is undergoing testing of the chassis in difficult off-road conditions. On this all-terrain vehicle, it is planned to carry out the first ever vehicle that is capable of driving on normal roads.

The Burlak all-terrain vehicle was created by the designer Alexei Makarov and his team. The car is built on the basis armored vehicle BTR-60. The 6.6 meter Burlak has a carrying capacity of 4 tons. The diameter of the wheels is almost 2 meters (1.75 meters).

This car is unique and has no analogues in the world.

The most amazing thing is that the tightness of the body and the special design, which includes propeller screw, allows the all-terrain vehicle to float in water (including among the Arctic ice).

In addition, the interior of the car is insulated with a special insulation and special felt, which allows keeping warm inside the car for a long time.

The Burlak cargo all-terrain vehicle can actually be used in heavy Arctic expeditions. For example, a car is equipped with a kitchen, gas equipment for cooking, showers, sleeping places and other amenities.

The all-terrain vehicle "Burlak" is hybrid design, based not only on the BTR-60, but also uses many of the components from the SUV. True, the most important thing in an all-terrain vehicle is of course the engine and gearbox. It is worth noting that these main components of the vehicle are unique as this is a product own developments constructor and his team.

After testing, the developers plan to build another one. True, talk about serial production it is still too early, as this requires huge investments.

The expedition is scheduled to hit the North Pole in late 2017 or 2018. This will be an attempt to set the world record for the conquest of the North Pole in a wheeled vehicle in autonomous mode.

I wonder if the expedition members will be able to do the impossible. If the expedition is successful, then this trip to the North Pole should be the cheapest in the world.

Help 1GA.RU:

BTR-60 Soviet armored personnel carrier created in 1956 for motorized rifle army units, and which replaced the outdated BTR-152. Since 1960, the BTR-60 has been the main armored personnel carrier of the motorized rifle forces of our country.

All-terrain vehicle "Burlak":

Length: 6.6 m, Width: 2.9 m, Height: 3.2 m, Power: 145 h.p.

Wheel diameter: 1.72 meters, Wheel width: 72 cm

Car body: Aluminum

Semitrailer tractors KamAZ are very popular among drivers, since they can be used as a base for working with a huge number of semitrailers (flatbed, awning, tank semitrailers, etc.) and work as part of a road train. Besides, optimal performance possessed by these cars are suitable for most consumers. The lineup tractors manufactured by the Kama Automobile Plant is very wide, as well as the range of industries in which they are used.

All-terrain tractor vehicles, for example, KamAZ 44108, which are suitable for transportation in difficult conditions, are in great demand. road conditions... This may be the need to deliver the cargo to a village or village, which not every truck can drive through, or to a construction site, access roads to which are broken by heavy special equipment. Off-road tractors are also becoming irreplaceable when performing work in the northern regions of the country - they are not afraid of even the most severe weather conditions.

An all-terrain vehicle with excellent off-road performance

Thanks to the 6x6 wheel arrangement, the KamAZ 44108 tractor has increased cross-country ability which is not surprising. Indeed, when creating this model, an all-terrain vehicle was taken as a base, developed by order and with the active participation of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation. From its predecessor, the new all-wheel drive KamAZ inherited not only excellent cross-country ability, but also high reliability and ease of maintenance. A high degree of unification with the main units and assemblies of other models produced by the Chelny plant makes it easy to eliminate problems that arise. Search necessary spare parts also won't take long.

KamAZ all-terrain vehicle 44108 is a multi-purpose tractor and perfectly replaces conventional tractors, which are not able to overcome some particularly difficult sections of the road. It is successfully operated both by civil organizations (especially actively by enterprises of the oil and gas and mining industries), as well as by the armed forces (along with its progenitor KamAZ-44118). The vehicle, with appropriate equipment, can be used to transport flammable goods. To do this, it is necessary to protect the fuel tank and install flashing beacons.

As a rule, truck tractors that are used to transport heavy and large loads have a fairly large dead weight, which significantly reduces their cross-country ability. As for this model, with a gross vehicle weight of 19 tons, it can be used for towing semi-trailers. full weight up to 23 tons and be operated as part of a road train, the mass of which should not exceed 32 tons. Carrying capacity and cross-country ability of a 10-ton truck tractor KamAZ 44108 are maximally balanced, which is a decisive factor in favor of choosing this model in many cases.

Main characteristics and device of the tractor

A modern tractor should be so - to successfully combine versatile capabilities and optimal specifications... KamAZ 44108 v basic configuration equipped with a Kama engine 740. 30 with a capacity of 260 hp, which meets the Euro-3 emission standards. The 8-cylinder V-shaped engine has a displacement of 10.85 liters. The manufacturer also offers a truck with a more powerful diesel 9-liter Cummins L325 (Euro-3) engine. Its power is 325 hp, maximum torque is 1,200 Nm.

A tractor with a Cummins engine has a number of advantages over similar machines, since it does not have electronic control Injection pump, and the fuel supply control is fully mechanized. All this makes the vehicle easier to maintain and reduces fuel quality requirements.

A powerful Cummins engine is paired with a nine-speed mechanical transmission Fast Gear, which is manufactured under license famous company Eaton, and two-stage transfer case with blockable center differential... These units provide excellent traction and speed characteristics of the tractor and its high cross-country ability in off-road conditions and when driving uphill. The lifting angle that this tractor can overcome is 28 °. Maximum speed, which a laden car is capable of developing reaches 80 km / h. Also, the tractor can be equipped with a nine-speed ZF gearbox.

As for cars with a KamAZ engine, they are equipped with a ten-speed gearbox KamAZ 154 and a two-speed transfer case gears also with a lockable center differential. For more information on the scheme and principle of the gearbox operation, see the Vehicle Operation and Maintenance Manual. There you can also find a detailed wiring diagram for KamAZ 44108.

Judging by the reviews of the drivers, the fuel consumption of the KamAZ 44108 tractor is about 43.5 liters. It is difficult to call this car economical, but for its class this indicator is acceptable. The truck is completed with two fuel tanks: the main one is designed for 350 liters, the additional one for 210 liters.

The brake system is pneumatically driven. High braking efficiency is provided by four autonomous braking systems, which are equipped with modern Kamsk trucks... Despite the fact that these systems are interconnected and have some common elements, their work is independent of each other. Working brake system KamAZ 44108 is used to reduce the speed of the vehicle while driving or for its final stop.

The KamAZ 44108 cab located above the engine is comfortable and is characterized by good conditions labor and rest of drivers. The restyled version with a high roof provides for one sleeping place... The option of a hydraulic lift of the cab significantly simplifies access to vehicle maintenance.

As we already mentioned, base chassis this model can be supplemented with a number of add-ons. KamAZ 44108-24 with manipulators of different carrying capacity is very popular. At the same time, the manufacturers of CMU can be completely different - Kanglim, Susan, Unique, Palfinger, Hiab, Inman, Fassi, etc. KamAZ 44108 with a flatbed semitrailer or dump body are also quite in demand.

Besides good performance characteristics 44108 has and is democratic price, which favorably distinguishes it among similar trucks. The cost of new tractors of this model starts from 1.8 - 2.1 million rubles. For cars with installed special equipment, they ask from 3 to 3.5 million rubles and more.