The Ural truck with the model index "4320" became the successor of the "375D" model (which for its exorbitant fuel consumption (up to 70 l / 100 km) received the nickname "glutton") - as a result of the modernization of the latter: equipping it with a diesel engine KamAZ- 740 (210 hp) and manual transmission"5x2" (with a divider, KamAZ-141 model).

Ural-4320 is a cross-country vehicle (with a 6x6 wheel formula), which is designed to transport goods and / or people, as well as towing trailers on all types of roads. Thanks to the wheel drive to all wheels and a ground clearance of 360 mm, it has significant off-road potential: it easily overcomes wetlands, fords up to 1.5 m, ditches and ditches up to 2 m and is able to climb up to 60%.

The Ural-4320 chassis (available in a standard or extended version) serves as the basis for the manufacture, first of all, of flatbed trucks, as well as for the creation of: shift buses (22 or 30 seats), truck tractors, installations and special equipment (in industries of oil and gas production, road and public utilities, fire protection, for the needs of the army and many others).

The design and technical parameters of this vehicle allow its operation in the temperature range from -45°C to +45°C, in polar opposites climatic conditions- from the regions of the far north to the sands of the southern deserts. If necessary, Ural-4320 can be installed: air conditioning, independent heater and preheater.

The overall dimensions of the "standard" Ural-4320 chassis are 7,588 mm long, 2,500 mm wide, and 2,785 mm high. wheelbase– 3525 + 1400 mm. The curb weight reaches 8,265 kg, the weight of equipment or transported cargo - 6,855 kg.

In addition, there are modifications with a shortened (up to 7,388 mm) length and increased (up to 10,000 kg) load capacity.

An extended version of the Ural-4320 - with an increased length of the loading platform up to 5,618 mm and a total length of up to 8,980 mm (wheelbase, respectively, 4,555 + 1,400 mm). The own weight of such a chassis is 8,740 kg, while the load capacity reaches 12,000 kg.

The total weight of the towed trailer, regardless of the version of the model, is up to 11,500 kg.

Ural-4320 is equipped with a metal two-door cab designed for three people, the driver's seat is adjustable, there is ventilation and a heating system, it is possible to equip the cab with a berth. The "original" cab, with minor changes, has generally retained its "ascetic configuration" since its "appearance", but for more comfortable movement and better safety - since the spring of 2009, this truck is also optionally equipped with a new model of the cab.

In the "optional" cabin (created from the cabover IVECO cab, where the "bonnet plumage" is made of fiberglass) there are three separate anatomical chairs with headrests and armrests, there are seat belts. In interior decoration and cladding, materials are used that provide good sound and heat insulation, wheel with the lower arrangement of the spokes (does not cover the instruments), the controls are located in the immediate vicinity of the driver, and the drive parking brake and razdatka control - pneumatic (which allowed to reduce the number of levers in the cabin). In general, the "new cab" provides more comfortable working conditions for the driver.

This machine was developed taking into account the "army service", therefore it has a large margin of safety, high maintainability, simplicity of design ... and all this, as they say, is "tested and polished" by years of hard use.

As we have already noted, initially this truck was equipped with a KamAZ-740 engine, but in the first half of the 1990s it was replaced by six-cylinder diesel engines. YaMZ units: 236NE2 (230 hp), 238M2 (240 hp), 236BE2 (250 hp) or (on request) YaMZ-7601 (300 hp), paired with a five-speed mechanical box gears (YaMZ-236U) and a two-stage transfer case with a lockable center differential.
The engines are equipped with a preheater and comply with environmental standard according to the level of emissions of exhaust gases Euro-3.

The frame is riveted, from two stamped spars interconnected by crossbars. The front suspension consists of two semi-elliptical springs with hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, the rear suspension is on balancers with torque rods. Front and rear brakes drum type with pneumohydraulic drive. Steering It is also equipped with a double-acting hydraulic booster.

Used tires: 425/85 R21 KAMA-1260, KAMA-1260-1, 390/95 R20 KAMA-Ural, 14.00-20 OI-25, 1200x500x508 156F ID-284 (all chamber with adjustable pressure).

Volume fuel tank Ural-4320 holds 300 liters of fuel (some modifications have, in addition to the main tank, a "fuel reserve" of 60 liters).

The fuel consumption of this machine (as part of a road train, at an average speed of 40 km / h) with YM3 engines is 31~36 liters of diesel fuel, and with average speed movement at 60 km / h - about 35 ~ 42 liters. When working in off-road conditions, fuel consumption can reach 50~55 liters.

The maximum speed of the car on the roads common use- 85 km / h.

In 2017, the price for the “classic” Ural-4320 in the “chassis” version is about 2.2 ~ 2.7 million rubles, and the prices for the “ side tractor» vary in the range of 2.5 ~ 2.9 million rubles.

The Ural-4320 truck has been produced for more than 40 years, and given the unification of many units with the Ural-375, the life of the car has exceeded 55. The secret of longevity is a solid construction and excellent cross-country ability. Trucks remain in demand by the army and civil services in need of such equipment.

The huge potential of the chassis is evidenced by the fact that the Ural-Next, which appeared in 2015, is based on the undercarriage units of the 4320 model. The cabin and power plant have been updated. General concept transmission remained unchanged.

History of creation

The appearance of the Ural-4320 diesel all-terrain vehicle is associated with an increase in the price of gasoline, which was used as fuel in the Ural-375D. The new truck had lower fuel consumption, but in terms of cross-country ability it was somewhat inferior to its gasoline counterpart.

During series production the truck was modernized several times, received new engines and gearboxes. At the same time, the appearance of the car has changed little.

The release of various versions of the Ural-4320 is currently ongoing. Trucks come with several types of engines, with different wheelbases and payloads.

Serial production of all-terrain vehicles Ural-4320 began in 1977.

The machine is widely unified in a number of units with. Parallel production of gasoline and diesel versions continued until 1992.

Design Description

The basis of the all-terrain vehicle is a frame made up of two spars stamped from steel, cross members and a front buffer. Spars have a variable section along the length, providing uniform strength and rigidity of the structure.

The frame elements are connected with rivets. The last cross member is equipped with a towing device. The fuel tank is mounted on the frame. Its filling volume is 300 liters.

The front axle is mounted on longitudinal springs, supplemented by hydraulic shock absorbers. The axle shafts and the frame are equipped with rubber suspension stops. The front end of the spring is mounted on the bracket through the pin, the rear end is movably mounted in the eye.

One of the sheets has a restrictive bend that prevents the spring from falling out of the bracket. The rear suspension is balanced, the spring runs freely in the eyes mounted on the axles.

Engines

Ural-4320 all-terrain vehicles used several types of diesel engines. The engine type is reflected in the modification index added to the model. The "clean" version of the 4320 is equipped with an atmospheric diesel engine of the KamAZ-740 type.

The engine has a V-shaped arrangement of eight cylinders and develops 210 hp.

The Ural-4320-31 version is distinguished by the use of an 8-cylinder power unit YaMZ-238M2. The motor is built according to a V-shaped scheme, develops a power of 240 hp. and complies with Euro-0 standards. A similar diesel engine is installed on modifications 4320-30. Technical characteristics of Ural-4320-31 do not differ from base case.

The Ural-4320-10 modification is equipped with a 180-horsepower YaMZ-236M2 diesel engine. Six-cylinder engine has a V-shaped layout, atmospheric air supply system. The first releases of cars with a YaMZ-236 engine had an engine compartment like that of all-terrain vehicles with a KamAZ-740 engine. Since the mid-2000s, an elongated compartment has been used, which has become standard for all variants of the Ural-4320 all-terrain vehicles.

Versions 4320-41 and 4320-40 received a diesel engine similar in design, but equipped with a turbocharger and intercooler compressed air. Due to the turbine, the power increased to 230 hp. Another difference is compliance with Euro-2 exhaust standards (against Euro-0 for an atmospheric engine). Fuel consumption on the Ural-4320 with turbodiesel power plants is somewhat lower.

Transmission

All-terrain vehicles with a KamAZ diesel engine were equipped with a 5-speed YaMZ-141 gearbox and a dry-type double-disk clutch. The Ural-43206 machine is equipped with a 5-speed gearbox of the YaMZ-236U type. Clutch drives on all gearbox variants are equipped with a pneumatic type booster.

In addition to the main gearboxes, all Ural-4320 all-terrain vehicles use a two-speed transfer case.

The torque from the box is transmitted to the gearbox using a short cardan shaft. The box includes a center differential equipped with a locking mechanism. The differential has an asymmetric torque distribution scheme.

The gearbox and transfer gearbox are mechanically controlled from the driver's seat using levers and a linkage system. A power take-off is installed on the transfer gearbox, which is used to drive a self-pulling winch installed under the cargo platform at the rear of the all-terrain vehicle. The winch is driven by three cardan shafts.

Bridges are equipped with a unified main pair, with double torque conversion. The first gear stage consists of bevel gears with a helical tooth shape. The second stage includes two spur gears. All-terrain vehicles Uraz-4320 can be equipped with gearboxes with a gear ratio of 6.7 ... 8.9 (a total of four gear ratio options).

A differential is installed behind the main pair conical type, which controls the rotation of the semiaxes.

Bridges have a through circuit, the middle bridge is used to drive the gearbox rear axle. Front axle axles are equipped with knuckles, equipped with hinges of equal angular velocities.

Steering and electrical system

The steering of the Ural-4320 vehicle is equipped with a hydraulic booster acting in two directions. The steering column is connected to the gearbox by means of a cardan shaft. The column is not adjustable. Ural-4320 all-terrain vehicles use an electrical system with an operating voltage of 24V. The negative terminals are connected to the car body.

Brake system

The brakes have a combined hydropneumatic drive. Hydraulics has two separate branches. The first one controls the brakes of the front and middle axles, the second one brakes the wheels of the rear axle. A crane is installed on the rear cross member of the frame for connecting the pneumatic brakes of the trailer.

The parking brake of the car Ural-4320 is installed on the output shaft transfer gearbox. The brake is connected to the brake valve of the trailer by a mechanical link. For improvement braking performance a motor compression brake is installed, which cuts off the fuel supply to the injectors.

Brake mechanisms drum type, equipped with an automatic gap control system between the linings and the friction surface of the drum. The mechanisms are located directly at the wheels of the all-terrain vehicle.

Body and other equipment

The all-terrain vehicle Ural-4320 is equipped with a fully metal cab equipped with hinged doors. The cab has an adjustable driver's seat and a rigidly fixed double seat for passengers.

The cabin is equipped with a ventilation and air heating system.

Behind the cab there is a metal cargo platform equipped with a removable awning. To install the awning, arcs are used, which are installed in the guide grooves on the side walls. The platform is equipped with two folding benches along the sides and an additional removable bench installed in the center.

Benches are designed to accommodate 27 people. The Ural-4320 truck platform has a load capacity of 5000 kg when operating the all-terrain vehicle on roads with any surface. The overall dimensions of the platform have not changed compared to the Ural-375D.

Specifications

The plant produces at least a hundred variants of the Ural-4320, the table shows the main options.

	Ural-4320	Ural-4320-41	Ural-4320-31
Load capacity, kg	5000	6855
Curb weight, kg	8440	8265	8050
Trailer weight, kg	7000	11500
Length, mm	7366	7588
Width, mm	2500
Height, mm	3005	2805
Base, mm	3525+1400
Fuel consumption per 100 km, l	26	40	35

Application and interesting facts

For deliveries to the army, the Ural-4320-01 chassis was created, which is used to install special equipment. The Ural-43203-01 chassis is designed to accommodate kung-type vans. When installing the YaMZ-236NE2 motor, the chassis index changes to Ural-4320-1951-60.

For the installation of heavy army or military equipment, an elongated Ural-4320-1912-40 chassis equipped with an additional power take-off system is used. Chassis without selection has the designation Ural-4320-1951-40. Chassis dimensions are given in the table.

On the basis of the Ural-4320, several armored army vehicles. There are versions with an armored cab or with installation on cargo platform armored module for the transportation of personnel.

The hood layout of the machine increases the survivability of equipment and provides increased safety in case of explosions on mines and land mines.

1:35 scale Ural-4320 army truck model produced by Russian company"Star" (catalog number 3654) and the Chinese "Trumpeter". The domestic model is cheaper, the Chinese one has an improved study of small details. Add-ons are available for models (resin wheels, photo-etched kits) that improve the copy number.

Video

2005 year. A catastrophic, unprecedented flood in the southern states of the United States. Particularly in the city of New Orleans. The rescue operation on the flooded streets of Louisiana's largest metropolis is being carried out on the Ural-4320 trucks of the Mexican army. Cars from Miass passed through all the complex intricacies of the narrow, flood-ridden streets of Negro quarters - where American military trucks were powerless. And this is just one of many episodes of the Ural-4320 combat work, in which these powerful machines clearly demonstrated their capabilities. Detailed overview this model - in this publication.

"Ural-4320" is a three-axle all-wheel drive (formula 6x6) off-road truck of the Ural Automobile Plant (Miass, Chelyabinsk Region). AT model range enterprise, back in 1977, he replaced the Ural-375 truck.

For a number of structural elements, the Ural-4320 car is unified with the previous model, the Ural-375. However, it has a more modern design, which provides enhanced capabilities and better performance characteristics than the Ural-375. The 4320th was the main model of the Ural Automobile Plant until the fall of 2015 (before it official replacement to Ural Next.

Mexican Marina Armada during a rescue operation in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

But its production for export needs is still ongoing. Since the Ural-4320 is still in demand, as a military vehicle, in many countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There, to this day, he continues to evoke genuine respect and real delight with his charisma. And the price is quite affordable!

The truck received the ironic nickname "Glutton" for a reason. 50-70 liters of high-octane gasoline per 100 kilometers is a lot for a mass-produced car. Even cheap and "state-owned" gasoline. Even for a multifunctional army vehicle - "all-terrain vehicle". Therefore, the Soviet Union thought about replacing a gasoline carburetor engine with a more practical diesel engine in the Urals at the turn of the 60-70s.

However, a long way has been passed from a clear intention to its concrete implementation: serial production of the Ural-4320 family started only in November 1977. According to the decision of the Ministry of Automotive Industry, to develop and introduce a new diesel engine on your own Miass enterprise was deemed inappropriate. Therefore, the remotorization of the Urals: the selection of a suitable engine and gearbox, the mutual adjustment of the power unit and the machine, the engineers of the Ural Automobile Plant were engaged in together with the specialists of the flagship of the Soviet engine building, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

"Ural-4320" "in its element."

During 1970-1975, a big job for testing new models of engines and gearboxes on pilot batches of Ural-375 trucks. Pilot batches of prototypes, built in variants of flatbed trucks and truck tractors, passed multi-stage tests in 1973-1976, and from February 1977, the stage of preparing design documentation for serial production began. First stock cars with the new production index "Ural-4320" rolled off the assembly line of the Ural Automobile Plant in November 1977.

But this was not yet a complete replacement for the Ural-375: Glutton continued to be produced by the enterprise for many years, in parallel with new model. They tried to equip the Ural-4320 with different diesel engines: for the eight-cylinder YaMZ-238, a more extended engine compartment was even provided than for the six-cylinder YaMZ-236 and for the KamAZ-740. At the same time, cars with YaMZ-236 could be distinguished from cars with a KamAZ engine by air filter on the right wing (due to a different, denser layout of the engine compartment). Since 2000, all Ural-4320s have been produced with an extended engine compartment, regardless of the brand of engine that is installed there.

"Ural-4320" in Angola (South-West Africa).

Regular orders from the Ministry of Defense, constant deliveries of vehicles to oil and gas enterprises, a good export potential of the car contributed to the fact that in less than 10 years after the start of mass production - in 1986 - the number of Urals-4320 produced exceeded one million units. The Ural-43206 lightweight biaxial truck, the production of which has been mastered in Miass since 1996, also belongs to the 4320th family.

In the fall of 2015, the Ural-4320 was replaced in the model range of the Ural Next plant - its modernized version, with the original plastic plumage of the engine compartment, with a new generation of modern cabs of the GAZelNext type, and a number of improved components and assemblies. Now everything civilian versions"Ural-4320" for the domestic civilian market and partially for deliveries to law enforcement agencies were replaced by cars of the Ural Next family. But the Ural-M series (aka "Ural-4320") is retained specifically for export deliveries.

The immediate purpose of the Ural-4320 is the transportation of goods, people, towing trailers and various equipment on all types of roads and off-road (cross-country). Wheel formula 6X6, powerful diesel engines and solid ground clearance give this car a significant off-road potential. "Ural-4320" easily overcomes wetlands, 1.6-meter fords, 2-meter ditches and ditches, drives uphill to 60%.

The Ural-4320 chassis was used as a base for the creation of not only flatbed and tilt cars of a standard or extended layout. But also: for shift buses (22- or 30-seater), truck tractors and pipe carriers, tankers and tankers, installations and special equipment for oil and gas production, road and municipal equipment, fire protection and, of course, for the needs of the armed forces.

Without timber trucks on the basis of "Ural-4320" it is impossible to imagine felling and logging in many regions of our country. Together with hydraulic manipulators, URAL timber trucks allow you to load and unload timber and other assortment without the involvement of special equipment. The technical capabilities of Ural-4320 trucks allow their intensive operation in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C, in opposite climatic conditions - from the Far North to the sandy southern deserts.

Ruthlessly exploited timber carrier "Ural-4320", year of manufacture - 2007.

The technical capabilities of the Ural-4320 were planned taking into account the military service this truck off-road: a huge margin of safety, high maintainability, simplicity of design and readiness for operation in difficult conditions.

• Overall dimensions of the Ural-4320 chassis: Length - 7.588 m; Width - 2.5 m; Height - 2.785 m; Base - 3.525 + (1.4) m. Modifications with a shortened length - 7.388 m are also produced; and elongated - 7.921 m and 9.545 m.
• Curb weight - from 8 to 8.7 tons; the weight of the transported cargo is 7, 10, 12 tons, depending on the modification.
• The distribution of the load of the equipped vehicle: on the front axle - 4,550 tons, on the rear bogie - 3,500 tons.
• The distribution of the load of the car of the total mass: on the front axle - 4.635 tons, rear axle - 10.570 tons.
• The internal dimensions of a standard body are 5685x2330x1000 mm.
• Turning radius - on the outer wheel 10.8 m, overall 11.4 m.
• Ground clearance - 400 mm.
• Track width - 2 m (front and rear - the same).
• Fuel tank capacity - 200 liters, with the possibility of installing an additional 60 liters.

• "YAMZ-236NE2" - diesel, four-stroke, six-cylinder, with direct injection fuel, V-shaped. Working volume - 11.15 liters. Rated power at 2100 rpm - 169 kW (230 horsepower). The maximum torque at 1100-1300 rpm is 882 N.m (90 kgf / m).

"Ural-4320" with the engine "YaMZ-236" can be distinguished by the air filter.

• KamAZ-740 is a V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a working volume of 10.86 liters. Power - 210 horsepower. Maximum torque - 68 kgf / m. Rated speed crankshaft- 2600 rpm.
• YaMZ-238 is a 14.86-liter V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 176 kW (240 horsepower). Maximum torque: 883 Nm (90 kgfm).

On Ural-4320 vehicles, a KamAZ-14 model clutch was used, a double-disk clutch with a mechanical shutdown drive and a pneumatic booster. Or the YaMZ-182 clutch - friction, dry, single-disk, diaphragm, with an exhaust-type diaphragm spring.

Gearbox - models "KamAZ-141": 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears. Gear ratios: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears (with transfer case): forward - 10, backward - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). Or a gearbox of the YaMZ-236U brand similar in technical parameters - mechanical, three-way, five-speed, also with synchronizers in 2, 3, 4, 5 gears.

The transfer case is 2-speed, with a cylindrical lockable center differential of the planetary type, which distributes the torque between the always-on front axle and the bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Gear ratios: top gear- 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. The transfer case is controlled by two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case - up to 40 percent of the engine power.

Cardan gear - four cardan shaft. The main gear of the driving axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; gear ratio (total) - 7.32. Drive axles - through type, with the top location of the final drive gear. Front drive axle - with constant-velocity joints of disk type (Tract).

Steering and brake control

The steering gear is a double-threaded worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster. The gear ratio is 21.5, the oil pressure in the hydraulic booster is 65-90 kgf / cm. sq.

The working brake system uses brakes with drum-type mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm). The working system is double-circuit, with a pneumohydraulic drive, separate (in terms of pneumatic and hydraulic parts) for the front axle and bogie, with two pneumatic amplifiers.

The parking brake is also a drum type, mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case, with a mechanical drive. Spare brake - one of the circuits of the working brake system. Auxiliary brake - motor retarder, drive - pneumatic. Trailer brake drive - combined (two- and single-wire).

Frame "Ural-4320" - riveted, consisting of two stamped spars interconnected by crossbars (classic "ladder"). Front suspension - on two semi-elliptical springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. The rear suspension is balanced, also on two semi-elliptical springs, with six jet rods, the ends of the springs are sliding.

Disc wheels, with a rim "254G-508" or "330-533", depending on the modification. The wheel is fastened on ten studs. Pneumatic tires, chambered - 1200x500x508 "14.00-20 (370-508)", model "OI-25", with adjustable pressure within 0.5-3.5 kgf / cm2, depending on road conditions. On " Uralakh-43202-01 "- 1100 × 400x533, models" O-47A ", wide profile.

electrical equipment

The electrical equipment system in Ural-4320 is single-wire, with a rated voltage of 24V. batteries"6ST-190TR" - 2 pieces, with a capacity of 190 Ampere / hour each. The alternating current generator "G-288E" has a power of 1000 W and works in conjunction with a non-contact voltage regulator "1112.3702". Starter "CT-142-LS" - electromagnetic inclusion, With maximum power at 8.2 kW.

Trucks "Ural-4320" were equipped with a metal two-door cab, designed for a driver and two passengers. The classic, traditional cabin of the Urals has been produced for fifty years now, and, of course, the comfort indicators in it are infinitely far from modern ones. Although: driver's seat has adjustment, there are ventilation and heating systems, there is a power steering, it is possible to equip the cabin with a berth. If desired, an air conditioner, an independent heater and a Webasto preheater can be installed on the Ural-4320.

In order to create more comfortable conditions for movement and better safety, since the spring of 2009, successful experiments have been undertaken to equip the newly developed Urals with new-style cabins. This is a cabover cabin with fiberglass plumage, manufactured under license from Iveco. It has three separate anatomical chairs with headrests, armrests, seat belts.

In interior decoration and cladding - modern materials that provide good noise and heat insulation, a steering wheel with lower spokes (not overlapping instruments). All controls are arranged in close proximity to the driver, the parking brake and transfer case control are pneumatic (which made it possible to remove the levers from the passenger compartment). The new cab provides comfortable working conditions for the driver. But charisma appearance the car, of course, takes away completely.

Overview of serial modifications "Ural-4320"

As part of the Ural-4320 family, the following vehicle modifications were made on the assembly line of the Miass plant:

• Truck flatbed and tilt "Ural-43202-0351-31" general transport purpose with a wooden platform;
• Truck tractors "Ural-4420-10" and "Ural-4420-31", designed for towing special semi-trailers on all types of roads and rough terrain;
• Tractors "Ural-44202-0311-31", also designed for towing semi-trailers on all types of roads and off-road;
• The truck tractor "Ural-44202-0612-30" is designed for towing semi-trailers and various equipment on airfields and other flat areas;
• "Ural-4320-0911-30" - with an extended base;
• "Ural-4320-0611-10" and "Ural-4320-0611-31" - also with a wooden loading platform and an awning.

On the basis of the Ural-4320 vehicles of these modifications, chassis with similar technical characteristics were also produced, for van bodies, shift buses, and various special equipment. Within the same modification, various options are possible: by the presence of a winch, or without it; according to the location of the spare wheel holder: behind the cab or at the rear of the frame, with a vertical or horizontal arrangement; or without holder (with temporary technological fastening on the frame); with mechanical power take-offs from the gearbox (KM) and transfer case, or without them; with the presence of a towing device for towing trailers, or without it.

During the 2000s, on the basis of the Ural-4320, four armored army vehicle modifications were demonstrated to the general public. This is "Ural-4320-09-31"; "Ural-4320-0010-31" (or "Ural-E4320D-31"); "Ural-4320VV". As well as the Kasspir MK6 armored vehicle, which is manufactured on the Ural-4320 chassis Indian company Mahindra & Mahindra at their factory in Prithla, Haryana. All these vehicles have solid ballistic and mine protection.

Cabins, including their rear walls, roofs and floors, are made of solid armored steel sheets, equipped with armored glass with loopholes for firing; powerful safe-type doors with locks with internal blocking. The roof has a hatch that can be used as a machine gun nest. The fuel tank and battery box are also armored.

Armored vehicle "Ural-4320VV".

It is planned to use a wide range of special equipment in these armored vehicles: night vision devices, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, army radio stations of various types, filter-ventilation installations, etc. It is also possible to install an armored module in the back to accommodate personnel (about 15-20 fighters). The layout of armored vehicles based on the "Ural-4320" is free, which allows you to place on the cargo platform the most different types special modules.

Tanks are not afraid of dirt. That's what main feature our domestic trucks. Not only KAMAZ trucks, all models can rightfully apply this aphorism to themselves. And, in the best sense of the word.

Our roads (or rather directions) do not allow designers and manufacturers to relax, but motivate them to create more and more advanced modifications.

History of creation

An example of this is the history of creation and improvement - the Ural 4320. The birth of this powerful three-axle all-terrain vehicle is closely connected with the history of the firstborn of the domestic truck industry - ZiSa-ZIL.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War part of the production of the Moscow automobile plant ZiS was transported to the Ural city of Miass. The evacuated capacities were directed to the production of engines and gearboxes.

in July of this year, the plant began production of the already proven model of the ZiS-5V truck

In 1958, the UralZiS-355 appeared in the list of domestic trucks - judging by the name, a kind of hybrid of a Moscow and Ural car.

And since 1961 Ural car factory began to produce the first heavy-duty three-axle truck, which, together with the "family" of Zilov vehicles, began to be supplied to the arsenal of the Soviet Army.

Ural heavy

Ural-375 – heavy vehicle cross-country ability - immediately fell in love with both military and civilian specialists. In the army, it began to be used not only for cargo transportation and transportation of personnel, but also as a chassis for the Grad and Uragan multiple launch rocket systems.

And in national economy this triaxial all-wheel drive vehicle, able to easily move on any off-road and in any weather conditions, became indispensable assistant for geologists, oil and gas workers.

Ural-375

For more than 20 years, the Miass plant has been producing this car, satisfying the needs of both army and civilian customers.

The truck was also in demand in the foreign market. It was sold to 20 countries of the world, including Iran, Iraq, Egypt.

But all the time, one significant claim remained against the Ural-375. The car was called "glutton" for high consumption high octane fuel. From 50 to 70 liters per 100 kilometers is a lot.

Of course, both factory designers and specialists from the leading manufacturer of automobile engines - the Yaroslavl Motor Plant - worked to create more economical engine for receiver Ural-375.

Diesel Ural-4320

If we single out a few main characteristics of the two cars and compare them, it becomes clear that the Ural-375 was quite suitable for both manufacturers and owners. The problem is his "gluttony". The data given in the table confirms that the Ural models differ precisely in engines and their components.

Onboard Ural-4320 with a diesel engine

Specifications Urals (TTX)

Options	Ural-375	Ural-4320
Length (m)	7,35	7,59
Width (m)	2,69	2,5
Height (m)	2,98
Ground clearance (mm)	400	400
Fording (m)	1,6	1,6
Turning circle (m)	10,5	10,8
Wheel Formula	6x6	6x6
Vehicle weight (t)	8	8
Lifting capacity (t)	5	5
Drive unit	full	full
checkpoint	5-speed, mech.	5-speed, mech.
Fuel capacity (l)	300+60	200+60
Fuel	gasoline A-93	diesel
Fuel consumption (l/100 km)	40-70	30-40
Engine displacement (l)	7	11,15
Engine power (hp)	180	230

Judging by the time frame in which the task of creating and implementing an economical engine was decided, it was not easy. The birth of the idea of ​​converting the Urals to diesel dates back to the mid-60s, and the first car of the new model left the factory gates in November 1977.

Here are some facts from the long history of the creation of the diesel Ural-4320. The development of the engine in Miass was abandoned, because. it was the prerogative of YaMZ, which created multi-purpose motor units. And release new car started, and continued until 1993, with the KamAZ-740 engine.

Thanks to diesel engine, Ural 4320 with improved technical characteristics reduced fuel consumption by 30 l/100 km.

In 1993, after a fire that occurred at a car factory in Naberezhnye Chelny, Ural-4320 began to be equipped with Yaroslavl YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 engines (models that were originally created for these heavy trucks).

Lack of diesels in 1993-94 were forced to compensate by installing ZIL-131 carburetor engines on some trucks.

To date, YaMZ supplies engines with a capacity of 230, 240 and 250 hp for various modifications of the car. Under the order, a 300-horsepower unit can also be manufactured. Simultaneously with the engine, avoiding lagging behind modern requirements, other systems of the car were also improved.

For example, a manual transmission, which is also produced at Yaroslavl engine plant, has 5 gears, and in combination with a two-speed mechanical transfer case, it allows you to get 10 forward speeds and two reverse speeds.

The clutch, equipped with a pneumatic booster, and the presence of a power steering make driving easier and more convenient.

Some improvements have been made to the cabin, making it more comfortable. The driver's seat is adjustable in three directions (in height, length and inclination of the back), there are headrests and armrests, they began to install seat belts. Glazing improves visibility and illumination of the cabin. Interior trim Ural 4320 is made with materials that provide sound insulation and heat transfer.

Uralov-4320 family

The mass production of the Ural-4320, which began in 1977, continues in principle today. But at the same time, the plant is largely not tied to mass production. old model, but for the development and release of new modifications.

Army Ural-4320 as it was, and is - a heavy, three-axle truck increased power, intended for freight traffic, transporting people, equipment installed on its base and towing trailers in poor terrain and off-road conditions. All modifications of the car correspond to this characteristic.

are changing only, in accordance with the requirements of the customer, individual elements:

• Ural-4320- the very first flatbed truck equipped for the transportation of people, equipped with a KamAZ-740 engine, and produced from 1977 to 1986;
• Ural-43202 — army truck with three opening sides, corresponding to the needs of the national economy;
• Ural-4420-10 — truck tractor, designed for off-road towing of special semi-trailers;
• Ural-4420 and Ural-44202- tractors designed to work with heavier trailers of 15.2 and 18 tons, respectively;
• Ural-44202-0612-30- a tractor for working with airfield equipment and on flat ground;
• Ural-4320-0911-30— a car with an extended base;
• Ural- 43206- a lightweight two-axle version of the truck.

The list could be continued. On the basis of the Miass Ural, chassis for KUNGs, buses for shift crews, and vehicles with special equipment were produced.

The model could change slightly and get a new name after installing a winch, some changes in the cab or hood plumage, with the introduction of some minor technical innovations. Therefore, in the literature on the military Ural-4320, one can find contradictions and some inaccuracies in the description of individual models.

But where there are no contradictions, it is in the appreciation of the long-term good work of all modifications of the car.

In 2005, New Orleans experienced a massive flood caused by Hurricane Katrina. The Mexican military participated in the rescue of the affected residents, using our trucks, moving freely through the flooded city. American counterparts could not work in those conditions.

The designers of the Ural automobile plant, together with subcontractors from YaMZ, do not stand still. They managed to create a military Ural 4320 with an engine whose technical characteristics are simply unique.

export version of this diesel truck will be produced for sale abroad

In 2015, they presented the result of their new developments - the Ural-NEXT car with the new YaMZ-536 engine from Yaroslavl, which can be supplied in two versions - 240 and 285 hp. This car will replace all civilian and partially military Urals - 4320.

Armor is strong...

Once again, it is worth emphasizing that the main customer of the 4320 model was the Soviet Army, which by 1982 was fully equipped with such vehicles. Manufacturers are not limited to this. Of particular note is the development and production of armored vehicles.

Firstly, the device of the Ural-4320-31 car, which is equipped with an armored sheet cab, with built-in bulletproof glass, created specifically for the combat use of the machine.

In the cockpit there are loopholes for firing, safe doors, a hatch in the armored roof, which can be used as a machine gun nest. All the vital parts of the car - engine, fuel tanks, etc. - are protected accordingly. An armored module for 15-20 fighters is installed in the body.

Secondly, in 2014, by order of the command of the internal troops, the Ural-4320VV armored car was created and put into service. This is practically an analogue of an armored personnel carrier, although it belongs to the category of cars.

It is designed to transport personnel, protecting them from being hit by small arms and the impact of an explosive device equivalent to two kilograms of TNT (manufacturers claim more).

Characteristics, despite the increased mass due to armor (17.3 tons), correspond to the classic car 4320. Engine power - 270 liters. s., fuel consumption per 100 km - 34.5 liters, cruising range - 1100 km, ground clearance - 400 mm, fordability - 1.75 m., two fuel tanks of 200 liters each. The car can accommodate 15-20 personnel, is provided with air conditioning and a heater.

There are other developments of armored vehicles.

The domestic auto industry does not indulge consumers with a wide range trucks. Counting the number of their varieties is a matter of minutes. But mass millions of copies, long-term service life, reviews of drivers are pushing to conclude: they are not looking for good from good.

Technical characteristics of URAL 4320 - a truck manufactured at an enterprise in Miass. It is mainly used in the military sector, but is often used in other areas: utilities, construction, commercial. Often they try to use this machine in forestry and mining activities. Here the car is an excellent assistant due to its strong cross-country ability and the ability to carry heavy loads.

The Ural 4320 has one key advantage over its counterparts - competitors: it uses a 6 x 6 wheel scheme. Thanks to this, the car has a powerful cross-country ability. All-wheel drive version easily copes with large pits, difficult climbs, wetlands and ditches.
This machine is especially useful during snow drifts and spring "porridge".

Military Ural 4320

1977 is considered the year of the first production of Ural 4320 machines, technical characteristics, the schemes of which have not changed much to this day. Their production is carried out now. In the current generation, YaMZ diesel power agents are installed. They differ in power, but all correspond environmental criteria"Euro-4".

Initially, a gasoline silovik was mounted in the car. The device was quite voracious: about 40-48 liters were spent per 100 km. fuel. And in 1978, diesel vehicles appeared. Although at first the models equipped with them came out in a very modest edition. But gradually the enterprise established mass installation of such units on its offspring.

The design of the car was based on the carrier frame. She guaranteed the machine the highest strength. And the impressive cross-country ability of the model appeared thanks to all-wheel drive system, tires with one slope and short overhangs.

In 1986, the first update of this truck took place. Reforms touched little on its external appearance. There were no significant changes in motor range, the engine size of the Ural 4320 remained the same. The KamAZ-740 apparatus was left as the main security official. He retained his leadership until 1993. After a fire at the enterprise, the supply of this engine was completed. He was replaced by products from the Yaroslavl concern. These are motors: YaMZ-238 and YaMZ-236.

The first models equipped with YaMZ-238 were characterized by a long compartment for the security officer. And variations with YaMZ-236 have not changed their previous forms. But since about 2004-05, all models have already acquired an elongated section for the motor.

In the mid-90s, Ural 4320 cars got a new bumper, which also has headlights. Plastic plugs were mounted to the wings in the former position of the headlights.

And the release of versions with a narrower bumper still continued only for the needs of the army. Since 1996, the company began to produce lightweight modifications on two axles.

Modernization

The next modernization of the truck took place in 2009. Ural got a transformed cabin. Ahead of it was a fiberglass cladding. The shape of the car turned out to be more streamlined. On some versions, the standard grille was replaced. The classic grille had vertical lines, while its replacement had horizontal lines.

On some models, they began to put a cabover cab "Iveco" P "". Its difference from the previous cabin is the presence of a rounded plumage. The previous security forces were replaced with serious diesel products YaMZ-536 and YaMZ-6565, which meet Euro-4 standards.

Since 2014, the Ural 4320 tractor has been transformed into the Ural-M group. Many indicators of the car have been preserved.

A year later, the car was upgraded again. The result of the reform was the Ural Next series. Its features:

• innovative cab,
• engine compartment plastic trim,
• upgraded nodes.

Existing equipment Ural 4320

This machine has the following modifications:

1. Basic. Standard cab, metal. Cargo potential: 7-9 tons.
2. 4320-19. Arranged long chassis. Cargo potential - 12 tons.
3. Ural 4320 30. Front suspension has been reinforced on the chassis.
4. 43204. The chassis has a developed load capacity.
5. 44202. The model is a truck tractor.
6. 43206. Used chassis with 4 x 4 wheels.

Technical summaries

Physical parameters of the machine(dimensions Ural 4320):

1. Body length Ural 4320 - 736, 6 cm.
2. The width of the Urals is 250 cm.
3. Height - 287 cm.
4. Wheel base - 352.5 cm.
5. Front track - 200 cm.
6. Rear track - 200 cm.
7. The clearance parameter is 40 cm.
8. The smallest turning radius is 1140 cm.
9. Curb weight URAL 4320 - 8050 kg.
10. The mass of URAL 4320 is completely - 15205 kg. That's how much the Ural car weighs in working order.

Under dimensions Ural 4320 the placed load should not exceed 6855 kg in weight. The weight of the trailer being towed reaches 11,500 kg. On the front axle, the distributed pressure is as follows: 4550 kg, on the rear axle - 3500 kg. Number of seats for passenger traffic varies from 27 to 34. How much the Ural 4320 weighs is now clear, let's deal with speed indicators.

The highest speed developed by the model is 85 km / h. The average fuel consumption with a dynamics of 60 km / h is 35-42 liters. At a quieter speed - 40 km / h, the fuel consumption of URAL 4320 according to technical specifications is from 31 to 36 liters.

The design of the car has a main and reserve fuel tanks. The volume of the fuel tank URAL 4320 (first) is 300 liters, the volume of the Ural tank (second) is 60 liters. The second is arranged in some models. The machine copes with the rise, the parameter of which is not more than 58%.

Power apparatus

In the latest modifications of the Ural 43 20, several versions of V-like diesel siloviki, created at the Yaroslavl enterprise, are installed. The following models have become the most common (technical characteristics Ural 4320):

1. YaM3-236NE2. Functional volume - 11.15 liters. Engine power Ural 4320 - 230 hp The torque indicator is 882 Nm. Exactly 6 cylinders.
2. YaM3-236BE. The volume is the same. Power - 250 hp The torque indicator is 1078 Nm. The number of cylinders is the same.
3. YaM3-238. Volume - 14.86 liters. Power - 240 hp The torque indicator is 882 Nm. Cylinders - 8.

These devices were cooled with liquid. They received food thanks to the injection pump.

At the request of the customer, specialists can supply the YaMZ-7601 apparatus. Its power is 300 hp.

Device Features

Technical characteristics of the machine URAL 4320, More precisely, its features are as follows:

The car is based on a bearing riveted frame. The material of its manufacture is steel of the highest strength. The frame is characterized by powerful rigidity. The design has short overhangs. They are arranged at the back and front. Thanks to this, the patency of the car develops.

Specifications Ural 4320 30, its features:

The platform for transporting passengers is made of metal. It has armchairs on the sides and a board at the back. The seats can rise and the side can open. On the body, you can install an awning, arches and sides on both sides.

In some modifications, a wooden platform is arranged. The model can have solid or lattice sides. The design implies a forward positioning of the motor. To access it, the hood must be opened up. Flat-shaped wings are concentrated on the sides. They have a large width and protect the cab from the penetration of foreign objects and various dirt during the movement.

Specifications Ural 4310:

Wheel scheme truck- 6 x 6. Wheels with one slope are put on the car. Their chambers can be filled using the auto-adjustment method. Air enters three bridges. Optimal view tires for this model: 14.00-20 OI-25.

The car has front suspension. It is supported by springs. Not without dual-directional shock absorbers. Behind is one more dependent suspension. It is supported by devices on jet rods. Each bridge in the car is leading. The position of the adjustable wheels is the front axle.

The machine is equipped with a friction type clutch. It has a drive, which is equipped with a pneumatic amplifying device.

The transfer box is mechanical. The number of steps is 2. It has a permanently attached drive that goes to the bridge from the front.

The transmission of the car is absolutely synchronized. Gearbox - five-speed. The switching method is mechanical.

Brake technology includes primary and secondary systems. The first has two circuits, the second has one. More available assistive technology. It has pneumatics from the exhaust mechanism.

A kind of parking technology is mechanical. They put a drum on the dispenser in it. Powerful towing devices are mounted on the rear of the frame and on the front of the hard bumper. Their type: drawbar technology and hooks. Due to them, the technical qualities of the machine have increased.

Cabin

The developers showed concern for the driver. In the latest modifications, a power steering appeared. The cabin has a heater. He saves comfortable temperature in the cold.

The driver's seat is easily adjusted in three vectors:

• back tilt,
• top-bottom,
• front-back.

The instrument panel is located at a convenient distance from the driver. All devices can be read without problems. And you can reach the switches and buttons without getting up from your chair.

The cabin also has a comfortable and massive glove compartment and shelves on which you can place items. Under the passenger seats there is a box for important papers.

In the basic variation, a cabin is placed on the frame, designed for three places. Made from sheet stamped metal. Thanks to competent glazing, excellent visibility is obtained. This makes it easier for the driver to keep track of the traffic situation. Massive mirrors that display the rear view also serve as assistants in this matter.

Other available cab versions:

1. For 3 places. Number of doors - 2. All-metal.
2. A similar version, but supplemented with a bed (no longer available).
3. Volumetric bonnet. It has a customized driver's seat and plastic trim.
4. Created on the basis of the GAZelle Next modular system. There are versions for 3 and 7 seats.

Optional additions to the machine:

1. Cabins of the highest comfort.
2. Technology that locks the differential.
3. Insulated compartment for batteries.
4. Spare tank.

Price aspects

Prices for the new Ural 4320 differ greatly in terms of performance:

1. The starting price (NC) for the chassis version is 1.9 million rubles.
2. NTs on-board model - 2.1 million rubles.
3. NTs on-board variation with CMU - 3.8 million rubles.
4. NC for tank trucks - 3 million rubles
5. The NC of a sorting truck is 2,800,000 rubles.
6. NTs cargo-passenger modification - 3,100,000 rubles.

Used modifications today are offered in modest quantities. The price ranges here are as follows: 300,000 - 1,800,000 rubles. Factors affecting the price:

• dimensions URAL 4320,
• car condition,
• year of issue,
• scope,
• type of equipment.

Analogues and result

Similar models of the Ural 4320 are: KAMAZ-4310, ZIL-131 and KrAZ-255B.

We reviewed all the technical characteristics of the URAL 4320 car. We learned the estimated prices, features and production history.

The Ural 4320 has one key advantage over its counterparts - competitors: it uses a 6 x 6 wheel scheme. Thanks to this, the car has a powerful cross-country ability.